家族企业代际传承对企业绩效的影响——基于A股上市家族企业的实证研究

基于2008—2016年A股市场上市家族企业的年度数据为样本进行实证研究。结果显示二代处于代际传承准备阶段、参与管理阶段、共同管理阶段与企业绩效存在正相关关系,二代处于接任管理阶段与企业绩效存在显著的负相关关系。此外,二代受教育程度对于代际传承与企业绩效的相关性起显著正向调节作用,企业创新投入在一、二代共同管理阶段能够显著提高企业绩效,在二代接任管理阶段则会显著降低企业绩效。     

家族企业代际传承推动还是抑制了创新

文章将家族企业传承进程分为参与管理、共同管理和接收管理三个阶段,研究传承进程的不同阶段推动还是抑制了家族企业创新。本文利用2012-2014年A股主板上市家族企业的404个代际传承数据进行实证研究,发现家族企业代际传承会导致企业创新活动的减少。具体而言,二代进入家族企业管理层参与管理或者二代与一代共同管理企业日常经营活动抑制了创新,即参与管理降低了研发资金和研发人员的投入,共同管理也减少了研发投入强度;二代接任董事长职位完成接收管理后,可能会重新推动家族企业创新,使之逐渐恢复到未传承前的创新水平。因此,传承进程的三阶段划分可以作为家族企业代际传承研究的理论基础,需要充分认识到传承进程不同阶段的差异性,家族企业不能一味保护社会情感财富而忽视企业创新,进而影响企业的可持续发展。     

我国家族企业权力代际传承的绩效研究

本文以深市中小板63家发生代际传承的家族企业为研究样本,通过因子分析和多元线性回归分析,考察我国上市家族企业权力代际传承对企业绩效的影响。结果表明,选择外部传承、长期传承,企业绩效越好;继承人的学历和年龄与企业绩效呈显著的正相关关系。     

“逐利”还是“重情”:家族企业代际传承中的目标研究

“逐利”还是“重情”,寓意着家族企业在代际传承过程中更加重视财务目标还是更加重视社会情感财富目标。这是家族企业在目标决策中经常面临的一个困境。然而现有研究对这一现象及其背后的影响机制缺乏足够的重视，因此文章区分家族企业代际传承的不同阶段，研究企业目标问题。利用2006—2021年A股上市家族企业样本，实证研究发现：在代际传承期间，家族企业对不同目标的重视程度具有动态性，即接班准备阶段更偏向SEW目标，随着二代接班上位则更偏向财务目标。这一结论在经过一系列稳健性检验之后依然成立，并且证实企业风险承担水平是代际传承中目标决策的影响机制。进一步检验发现，在代际传承的不同阶段，创始人任职情况也会对企业目标产生影响。最后，文章发现家族企业对于SEW目标的偏向是有代价的，表现为企业绩效折损。     

代际传承对家族企业风险承担的影响

家族企业代际传承已经成为学术界和实务界关注的一个焦点。文章尝试建立一个风险分析框架，深入分析代际传承对企业风险承担的影响机理及经济后果。基于2004-2016年我国沪深两市A股上市家族企业的研究数据，文章以家族二代继任者成为董事长或总经理的时点作为代际传承始点进行实证分析。研究结果表明：家族企业进入代际传承实施期后，企业风险承担水平会降低。与“家族—家族”类别的接班方式相比，在“职业—家族”类别的接班方式下，代际传承对企业风险承担水平的负效应更明显；创始人弱参与下的企业风险承担水平低于创始人强参与下的企业风险承担水平。此外，代际传承通过企业风险承担这项路径引起企业会计绩效下降。     

家族企业传承合法性表现与影响的实证研究

从外部投资者对家族企业代际传承事件合法性认知的视角,手工整理出2002年1月1日至2016年12月31日之间发生代际传承的家族企业,并以之为样本实证检验了外部投资者对于家族企业代际传承事件合法性认知的表现及该认知对上市家族企业真实盈余管理活动的影响。研究发现:外部投资者对于家族企业的代际传承行为普遍不看好,存在合法性不足的情况。而外部投资者对于家族企业代际传承事件的负面反应会加强企业进行真实盈余管理的动机。启示:代际传承阶段的家族企业管理者应当从战略管理的角度安抚外部投资者可能出现的消极应对方式;继任者在授予管理权之前就应通过各种正常途径如优异的教育背景、丰富的企业工作经历等获得一定外部认可。     

家族企业代际传承的经济后果研究——基于福耀玻璃收购福建三峰的案例分析

以沪市A股上市公司福耀玻璃为例,基于2018年年中收购接班人曹晖创办的福建三锋集团事件,对家族企业代际传承阶段由参与管理进入共同管理展开的经济后果进行分析。研究表明,接班人通过自身创业所累积的经验和技能是有利于家族企业的代际传承,共同管理阶段中向外界明确接班人的身份及传承地位的正统性对家族企业是有利的,也能够发挥出交班人的辅助作用,家族企业本身会为代际传承阶段的转换创造风险相对较小的环境。     

家族企业代际传承中财务行为与企业绩效——以卧龙地产集团为例

近年来,随着创一代年龄的增长,家族企业的传承问题逐渐提上议事日程,其重要性不言而喻。以往代际传承相关研究多是从不同角度展开理论和实证分析,较少对单个具体案例进行深入剖析。采用案例分析的方法,以卧龙地产集团为研究对象,探究家族企业在代际传承前后发生的财务行为与企业绩效之间的联系。通过分析比较二代上任前后公司所采取的投资、融资以及分配三方面的具体行为,以及其改变造成的企业财务和市场绩效之间的差异,得出二者之间存在的关系,希望最终结论能够为相关企业实施代际传承提供借鉴意义。     

从财务角度分析家族企业的代际传承问题

人类社会最古老的一种企业形式当属家族企业。我国家族企业为数众多,为国家的经济发展、社会物质文明的进步,以及解决就业问题等多方面做出了巨大的贡献。但是不少家族企业也面临着避免不了的问题:代际传承。研究发现,能顺利地将企业传承到第二代的不到40%。虽然已经有部分家族企业完成了权利仪仗的交接,其中有的家族交接之后企业价值水涨船高,有些企业却严重绩效下滑。受中国传统文化的影响,家族企业控制人会逐步把控制权向个人手中集中,因此控制人会对公司的发展产生重大的影响作用。本文对家族企业代际传承从财务角度进行研究,寻求优秀的传承方式,尽量选择合理的传承模式。     

经济转型背景下家族企业代际传承中社会资本问题研究——以浙江温州为例

温州家族企业占企业总数超出90%,是影响温州实体经济发展的重要主体。在经济转型背景下,社会资本在家族企业发展、创新与传承过程中至关重要,是影响家族企业成功传承的关键因素。因此,基于温州3个典型案例,着重研究经济转型时期家族企业代际传承中社会资本传承的重要性,探讨社会资本传承的特点,并以此提出实现家族企业成功代际传承的对策建议。     

Downsizing and Stakeholder Orientation Among the Fortune 500: Does Family Ownership Matter?

While downsizing has been widely studied, its connection to firm ownership status and the reasons behind it are missing from extant research. We explore the relationship between downsizing and family ownership status among Fortune 500 firms. We␣propose that family firms downsize less than non-family firms, irrespective of performance, because their relationship with employees is based on normative commitments rather than financial performance alone. We suggest that their actions are related to employee- and community-friendly policies. We find that family businesses do downsize less irrespective of financial performance considerations. However, their actions are not related to their employee- or community-friendly practices. The results raise issues related to the motivations of large multinationals to␣downsize and the drivers of their stakeholder management practices. Eleni T. Stavrou is an Assistant Professor of Management and Organization at the Department of Public and Business Administration of the University of Cyprus. She received her Ph.D. in Management and Organization from George Washington University, USA. Her work has been published in various academic journals including Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Journal of Small Business Management, International Small Business Journal and Journal of European Industrial Training. Her research interests are: flexibility at work, strategic human resource management, succession planning, group and family dynamics, intergenerational transitions, and organizational culture. George I. Kassinis is an Assistant Professor of Management at the Department of Public and Business Administration of the University of Cyprus. He received his Ph.D. from Princeton University, USA. His work has been published in various academic journals including the Academy of Management Journal, Production and Operations Management and Strategic Management Journal. His research focuses on stakeholders, organizations and the natural environment, environmental management issues in services, social networks, and industrial ecology. He serves on the editorial board of Organisation Studies. Alexis Filotheou holds an MSc in Finance from the University of Cyprus and is currently employed in the private sector in Cyprus.     

Inherited corporate control and returns on investment

This paper contributes to the literature on management in family firms by investigating how succession in family firms affects returns on investment. The identities of the chief executive officer (CEO) and the chairman of the board (COB) were used to establish whether the management of the firm can be characterized as founder, descendant, or external management. A unique, unbalanced panel data set on listed Swedish firms covering the period from 1990 to 2005 was used in the analysis. The results show that founder management has a positive effect on the returns on investment in family firms, whereas descendant management has a negative impact. An external CEO as a successor in family firms leads to more efficient investment policies with increased firm value as a result. That is, when studying corporate governance in family firms it is important to account for what type of management the firm has. Further studies are required to understand the relationship between ownership, control, management, and firm performance.     

What if your owners also own other firms in your industry? The relationship between institutional common ownership,marketing, and firm performance

The growth in institutional holdings of public firms has led to increased interest in the concept of common ownership, in which the same investor owns stakes in multiple firms within the same industry. Economic theory suggests that common ownership could affect firm performance, but little empirical research has examined the nature of this effect or how a firm’s extant marketing potentially relates to this effect. This paper addresses this gap by proposing a relationship between common ownership and firm performance that is moderated by the firm’s extant marketing capabilities and its relative marketing strategic emphasis. Our empirical approach employs data from over 43 million institutional holdings to develop a measure of common ownership and accounts for empirical issues like endogeneity and unobserved heterogeneity. The results document a positive relationship between common ownership and firm performance and provide some evidence that this effect is stronger for firms with lower marketing capabilities and a relative strategic emphasis towards R&D spending. These results suggest that public policymakers should consider the firms’ extant strategic marketing when assessing regulations on common ownership.     

Information Sharing,Price Negotiation and Management Buy-outs of Private Family-owned Firms

Perspectives relating to agency theory, information asymmetries and game theory were utilized to explore two outcomes associated with the management buy-out (MBO) or management buy-in (MBI) of former private firms: whether information was shared equally between vendors (i.e., family firm owners) and purchasers (i.e., MBO/I management teams) and whether a mutually agreed price was achieved. With reference to the themes of company ownership structure, governance structure and company objectives several hypotheses were derived. Survey evidence was gathered from the managers of 114 former private family-owned firms located across Europe that recently reported an MBO/I. Multiple logistic regression analysis detected that respondents in founded (first generation) family firms and those reporting a high focus on the strategic importance of the market value increment were more likely to report that ‘information was shared equally between vendors and purchasers’. Respondents reporting no suitable family successor had been identified, a high focus on the strategic importance of the market value increment, and the involvement of venture capitalists in succession planning were more likely to report that a mutually agreed sale price had been achieved. Implications for practitioners and researchers are discussed.      

Strategic management training and commitment to planning: critical partners in stimulating firm performance

Few studies to date have been able to establish a clear link between training activities and firm performance. This study shows a relationship between a firm’s level of commitment to planning, management development and training activities and firm performance. The relationship is demonstrated by a higher return on equity for investors. Data from 157 small financial firms in the US were collected and analysed to find out if there was a relationship between the frequency and type of strategic management training, commitment to a strategic planning process, and firm performance. Findings from this study show that there is a significant relationship, resulting in greater return on tockholders’ equity, between the frequency that senior managers attend strategic management training and a firm’s level of commitment to the planning process.     

An entrepreneurial process perspective on succession in family firms

We review and analyze previous literature on succession in family firms from an entrepreneurial process perspective. Through a three-step cluster analysis of 117 published articles on succession in family firms published between 1974 and 2010, we find several themes within which succession can be understood from an entrepreneurial process perspective where both the entry of new owners and exit of old owners are associated with the pursuit of new business opportunities. We identify gaps within each cluster and develop a set of research questions that may guide future research on succession as an entrepreneurial process. Since succession involves implications for individuals, families and firms, we suggest researchers should adopt a multilevel perspective as they seek answers to these research questions. Our review and analysis also underlines the need to focus on ownership transition rather than only management succession, and the importance of carefully defining both succession and family firm.     

Impact of Outsiders on Firm Performance over Different Generations of Family‐Owned SMEs

From the perspective of agency, resource‐based view, and resource‐dependence theories, we explore the impact of the presence of outside directors on firm performance in family small and medium‐sized enterprise (SMEs). Using survey data from 369 Spanish family SMEs, our findings show an inverted U‐shaped relationship between the proportion of outsiders on the boards of first‐ and second‐generation family firms and firm performance. The results show that a balanced presence of outside directors contributes to value creation in family SMEs and confirm that the composition and the roles of the board of directors differ from generation to generation in family firms.     

Putting market-facing technology to work: Organizational drivers of CRM performance

A large proportion of firms that adopt customer relationship management (CRM) technology find it challenging to integrate CRM technology into their core marketing processes and utilize CRM strategically to appreciably improve their performance. The authors conceptualize a model to understand the drivers of superior CRM performance after CRM technology has been adopted by a firm and examine strategic utilization of CRM technology as driven by user acceptance and proficiency in the form of employee buy-in and expertise. Top management championship practices, employee information technology (IT) skills, and CRM knowledge are identified and examined as key building blocks toward strategic utilization. The empirical test of the conceptual model is based on a mail survey of North American firms that have adopted information technology-based CRM systems. The results, based on random effects model, show that strategic utilization of CRM technology leads to higher performance when there is an emphasis on using it to manage business-to-business rather than business-to-consumer relationships, user expertise (but not buy-in) impacts CRM performance through strategic utilization, and top management championship practices, CRM knowledge, and employee IT skills impact strategic utilization through buy-in and expertise.     

Presuccession Performance,CEO Succession,Top Management Team,and Change in a Firm's Internationalization: The Moderating Effect of CEO/Chairperson Dissimilarity

Extending the literature on CEO succession, we found that a succession event together with a change in top management related positively to strategic change toward greater internationalization. In a study of 160 Taiwanese firms, we found relationships between firm performance, outside CEO appointment, change in firm's top management team (TMT), and the degree of a firm's internationalization. Moreover, the positive association between a post succession TMT structural change and degree of internationalization was observed only in those cases where dissimilarity between CEO and chairperson (with respect to educational degree and overseas education) was low. The implications of these findings for scholarship and practice are discussed. Copyright © 2011 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.