现代农业产业体系建设路径抉择——基于农业多功能性的视角

农业的生态、经济、社会和文化四大功能决定了现代农业产业体系包括农业生态产业、农业加工产业、农业服务产业和农业创意产业四个方面的内容。因此,现代农业产业体系建设需要不断拓展农业的多元功能,延伸现代农业的产业边界。加快现代农业产业体系建设,须注重调整农业生产结构,实现农业生产的生态化;大力发展农产品加工业,提高其在产业体系中的比重;建立健全农业服务产业体系,提高金融、物流、营销等服务产业对农业产业发展的支持水平;积极发展农业创意产业,完善农业创意产业体系;加强农业技术创新和制度创新,建立现代农业产业体系的自组织发展的机制。     

论农业科技产业化的模式与运行机制

一、农业科技产业化的发展概况及存在的问题1、农业科技产业化发展的概况。当前农业科技产业化的发展表现在 :①大多数农产品已由严重短缺向相对过剩转变。改革开放以来 ,各地坚持科技兴农 ,切实加强农业科技产业化 ,促进了农业及农村经济的全面发展。②传统的粗放型农业向现代科技集约型农业转变。改革开放以来 ,党在农村的各项政策的全面推行 ,农业科技得到了迅速发展 ,一些农业高新科技成果逐步得到应用。③农产品市场体系逐步完善 ,商品率得到提高。通过深化农产品流通体制改革与完善市场体系 ,建立以加工运销为中心组织农业生产 ,发展…     

我国生鲜蔬果农产品流通的发展回顾与趋势判断

长期以来，“重生产、轻流通”的思想在我国普遍存在，特别是对农产品流通理论和实践的研究相对落后，严重影响了农产品的生产经营。就农产品流通实践而言，效率低、成本高、损耗大已成为长期制约农产品物流运销产业发展的一般事实。蔬果类农产品更有其鲜活、易损的产品特性，储存和运输难度较工业品和一般农产品大，物流中遇到的困难和问题自然也比较多。因此，生鲜蔬果农产品流通也成为我国农产品物流运销体系中最薄弱的部分。     

对农业产业化的再思考

农业产业化是在农业生产标准化基础上,在农业关联产业充分发展的条件下,把我国传统的自然经济和半自然经济的农业生产转变为商品生产,实现农产品的商品化和市场化,从而提高农民收入,实现城乡经济一体化发展。政府应该在促进农业生产标准化的基础上,通过降低农产品交易费用和农产品流通体制的变革来促进农业产业化。     

绿色食品产业促进农业经济健康持续发展

新世纪以来,在全世界范围倡导建立以环保产业为主体的绿色产业体系,成为各国经济发展战略转移的重大课题之一.绿色产业的发展为有机、绿色农产品生产加工带来新的活力,也为农业经济健康持续发展赢得更大的发展契机.本文对我国绿色食品产业发展历程及当前状况作了简要回顾,进一步分析了制约我国现阶段发展绿色有机食品的主要因素,提出了构建和发展绿色食品产业体系,促进农业经济健康持续发展的有效途径.     

产业融合发展、农产品供需结构与农业供给侧改革

农产品价格保护制度下,产业融合不畅会导致产业间关联效应发挥受限和农产品“供需反馈”机制瓦解,这是农产品供需结构性矛盾出现的重要原因.从国际和我国省际的产业融合指数测度结果来看,我国工农产业融合指数相对较高,包括机械、化肥等中间投入品对农业生产有较强的正向促进作用,是农业生产力提升的重要推手,而服务业与农业融合度偏低,但服务业中间投入品产出弹性提升较快,是提高农业生产效益的重要动能.因此,产业融合发展是转变农业增长方式,满足社会农产品消费需求的关键,现阶段农业发展需以提升农业的综合效益与国际竞争力为导向,以工业与服务业延伸农业产业链、以生产要素融合及发展理念契合等为路径,以创新农业经营体系、健全农业社会化服务体系为纽带,寻求推动我国农业供给侧结构性改革的新突破.     

农发行支持农产品加工企业前景广阔

一、国外农产品加工发展现状及趋势据有关资料表明 ,目前发达国家农产品后加工能力已高达 70 %以上 ,农产品加工业总产值已经发展为农业产值的 2～ 3倍 ,英国为 3 .7倍 ,美国为 2 .7倍 ,农产品加工业已经实现了向食品加工业密集转移的阶段 ,成为国民经济的支柱产业。在美国《财富》杂志每年评选出的世界 50 0强企业中 ,约有 2 0个食品加工企业集团名列其中。二、我国粮油加工业发展现状目前我国农业已进入新的阶段 ,为农产品加工的发展奠定了基础。但产业布局分散 ,产业基础薄弱 ,产业主体企业规模小、管理水平低、产品竞争力弱等问题的存在…     

关于智慧农业的理论思考：发展模式、潜在问题与推进策略

我国智慧农业主要表现为农业企业自主型、加工流通企业带动型、专业化服务企业主导型、数字化农机企业主导型和农技推广体系依托型五类发展模式，不同模式协同发展构成广覆盖、多层次的智慧农业体系。在要素配置上，智慧农业可以促进农业生产方式与要素供给关系的匹配，促进产出增长与环境可持续的协同；在组织结构上，智慧农业促使更多主体参与到农业分工合作网络中并实现更紧密合作，促进创新体系与农业产业的融合；在产业绩效上，智慧农业可以促进农业效率提升、产出增长及农产品价值与功能的提升。目前，智慧农业面临传统农户与现代生产方式、数据价值显性化与数据利用专业化、低增值与高投资等矛盾而导致的不均衡发展问题。为加快智慧农业发展，应推动智慧农业技术的创新和供给；分类施策，促进不同智慧模式协同发展；依托智慧农业，加快农业生产体系、产业体系、经营体系现代化建设；加强数字标准建设和数字安全治理。     

我国生鲜蔬果农产品流通的发展回顾与趋势判断

长期以来,"重生产、轻流通"的思想在我国普遍存在,特别是对农产品流通理论和实践的研究相对落后,严重影响了农产品的生产经营.就农产品流通实践而言,效率低、成本高、损耗大已成为长期制约农产品物流运销产业发展的一般事实.     

二元经济下农业服务引进对农业发展的影响

农业是国民经济的基础,农业的落后会影响整个社会经济的发展.从2005年开始,我国农业在加入WTO谈判中所争取的过渡期基本结束.农业的进一步开放,使我国已经从农产品净出口国转变成为农产品净进口国,我国农业的发展面临严峻的挑战.而目前我国农业的服务支持体系还比较落后,研究利用农业服务引进来推动农业的发展,具有重要的现实意义.     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.