基于顾客价值的大学生电脑市场细分研究——以济南为例

基于顾客价值视角,应用在济南部分高校的调查数据,对大学生电脑市场进行市场细分研究。结论表明:影响大学生购买决策的6个价值因子按其重要度依次为性价比、售后服务、购物体验、产品形象、信息沟通和废弃处理;整个市场可划分为时尚型用户、慎重型用户、服务型用户和实用型用户四个细分市场,并且它们在各价值因子上都有较好的解释。这些结果对于电脑厂商进行目标市场选择和市场定位,实施差异化营销,具有重要的参考价值。     

房屋共有面积测算与分摊疑难问题探讨

《物权法》、《房屋登记办法》实施以来,老百姓对于自己购买的房屋的面积越来越关注。这几年,房屋买卖双方产生纠纷的焦点主要集中在房屋共有面积的测算与分摊上,这也正是房屋测量中的老大难问题。本文从一个中介者的角度,本着公平、公正的原则,以维护开发商和住户的合法权益为出发点,根据多年在实际工作中的探索和调研,对房屋共有面积的测算与分摊等有关问题提出有效的解决办法,供大家参考。     

The Effect of Public Social Housing on Households' Consumption in France

The French public social housing sector offers rents which are more than 60% below market levels. The “loss” of the public sector landlords, estimated from the rent they could get for their apartments at market prices, amounts to 37 billion Francs per year for the 3 million public social apartments in France. This allows the social sector tenants to consume 10% more housing services and 11% more of other goods. The corresponding surplus gain is around 34 billion Francs. The surplus loss for the collectivity due to these transfers is thus 3 billion Francs, 8% of the transferred sums. As compared to personal housing subsidies, which represent half this amount for the same tenants, the surplus gains are much less concentrated on the poorest part of the population.     

Disentangling satisfaction of tenants on science parks: A multiple case study in Belgium

While science parks represent one of the most important policy initiatives to stimulate firm development and growth, their contributions are still highly debated. This paper takes a novel customer-oriented approach to disentangle the contributions science parks provide to their tenants. Particularly, we qualitatively explore when and how science park tenants reach customer satisfaction and how tenants cope with low levels of satisfaction. Our study finds that reaching customer satisfaction is contingent on tenants’ expectations, perceived service quality, and pre-entry achievements. We further disentangle coping strategies used by tenants when they are confronted with low levels of satisfaction. Our study provides important theoretical contributions to the organizational sponsorship literature by adding new insights from social psychology and holds valuable practical and policy implications.     

Market Segmentation: The Role of Opaque Travel Agencies

This paper investigates the role of discount travel agencies such as Priceline and Hotwire in the market segmentation of the hotel and airline industries. These agencies conceal important characteristics of the offered services, such as hotel locations or flight schedules. We explicitly model this opaque feature and show that it enables service providers to price discriminate between those customers who are sensitive to service characteristics and those who are not. Service providers can profit from such discrimination despite the fact that the opaque feature virtually erases product differentiation and thus intensifies competition. The reason is that the intensified competition for less sensitive customers enables service providers to commit to a higher price for more sensitive customers, which leads to higher profits overall. This explains why airlines or hotels are willing to lose the advantage of product differentiation and offer services through discount travel agencies.     

电力重要客户定制服务成本回收策略研究

随着电力客户尤其是电力重要客户对电力服务的要求日益提高,传统电力服务的积弊不断暴露,客户满意度难以提高,供电企业良好的社会形象也难以塑造,服务成本补偿机制的缺失是造成这一问题的重要原因之一。本文基于二元价值结构理论,分析了基础服务和增值服务两类电力服务,并对回收服务成本的可行性和必要性进行了论述。文章对重要客户和普通客户关于两类电力服务的诉求和支付能力及意愿进行比较分析,建立供电企业重要客户服务定价-服务质量矩阵,比较单独定价和组合定价两种成本回收策略,提出针对电力重要客户采取组合定价策略,从而实现供电企业和客户的双赢。     

Business associations and their potential contribution to the competitiveness of SMEs

This paper examines the relations between small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) and business associations. It identifies sectoral, local and national dimensions and reports survey results in Britain that evidence the range of services supplied and demanded. The paper reviews the theoretical understanding of how associations operate and how they can be expected to relate to their SME members. Using this framework the paper then assesses, largely using new survey evidence, the types of associations most relevant to SMEs, their characteristics, and their services. The paper concludes by arguing that SMEs are one of the least well represented groups of business, their interests are often likely to be swamped in association governance either by large businesses or by employee–status individuals. In general there are also limits to development of services through business associations, although there is strong variation between businesses by sector, location and size. The author concludes that contributions by associations through specific services to individual companies appears to be relatively limited. The chief contribution of associations to competitiveness of their member businesses appears to be their improvement of collective industry standards, e.g. through codes of conduct, information, collective events, benchmarking and management seminars.     

基于长期客流量的餐饮类团购经营策略研究

近年来餐饮类团购在都市十分盛行,但一次团购过后,商家却难以留住消费者。针对商家如何留住消费者的问题,文章通过问卷调查、深度访谈等的方式收集了关于团购前、中、后的一手和二手数据,分析描述了团购用户对于餐饮价格、餐饮种类、服务质量等因素的敏感程度,其结论与商家现状基本吻合。最终,文章针对长期客流量的转化提出可行措施,如团购用户优惠办理储蓄卡、享受额外服务等等,从而力求从根本上使服务价格与消费者的期望价格相一致,达成餐厅服务库存和用餐人数的统一。     

Buyer–supplier interaction in business-to-business services: A typology test using case research

We empirically test a theory specifying distinct ideal interaction patterns for four business-to-business service types, which differ with regard to how they are used by the buying company. The ideal interaction patterns are conceptualised as configurations of five different interaction dimensions: the key objectives in the interaction, the critical capabilities on either side of the relationship, the type of functional involvement from the buying firm and the key issues in the buyer–seller dialogue. Using a combination of quantitative and qualitative data from 23 cases of service exchange at six buying organisations we test whether similarity between the ideal interaction pattern and an actual, observed interaction pattern is a continuous necessary condition for successful ongoing service exchange. The findings suggest for each of the four service types that, in order for a service exchange to be successful, buying companies should design their interactions with their service providers to closely resemble the specified ideal pattern for that specific service type. Besides contributing to the knowledge on how to effectively structure buyer–supplier interactions across the heterogeneous spectrum of services bought, a methodological contribution is made by showing how case research can be used for theory-testing purposes. As this study is the first real test of the typology, further replications with new data, preferably obtained from both sides of the buyer–supplier dyad, are necessary.     

An integrated model of the effects of service evaluation,corporate image,and switching barriers on customer loyalty

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between service evaluation, corporate image, switching barriers, and customers’ intentional loyalty. The proposed model was tested and valuated in the mobile services context. A field survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire about the investigated concepts. To test the proposed hypotheses, a model was constructed and estimated using the method of partial least squares. Findings indicate that service evaluation constructs have both direct and indirect effects, through customer satisfaction and corporate image, on customers’ intentional loyalty. The outcomes suggest that marketers, in their effort to develop more customer-oriented marketing plans, should consider both the pool-in factors, reflecting the value of the provided services, customer satisfaction, and corporate image, and the interactions among them, as well as the push-back factors, as they all impact on customers’ behavioral intentions. The research was limited to one service setting and the proposed model should be cross-validated in other service settings before the relationships among its components are fully clarified. Also, the use of cross-section design reduces inference ability regarding temporal changes in research constructs. This article contributes in adding to the body of the existing knowledge by considering both corporate image and switching barriers, along with service evaluation constructs, as antecedents of consumer’s intentions determination, resulting in a model that has not been investigated thus far.     

Messaging specifications, properties and gratifications as institutions: How messaging institutions shaped wireless service diffusion in Norway and Japan

We address the following question: why have a large number of mobile services been successful in Japan but received only lukewarm response in Norway despite Norway’s lead in the late 1990s in wireless messaging? Current explanations are not sufficient in explaining this dilemma. We approach mobile service diffusion through the lens of new institutionalism by analyzing how messaging institutions emerged both on supply and demand sides that enabled and constrained mobile service innovation. A tripartite framework of institutional fields consisting of architectural service specifications, service properties, and use gratifications is formulated. Using secondary data we show that mobile service specifications in Japan integrated better interpersonal communication and data services and thereby allowed instrumental and aesthetic properties to align with expressive properties of messaging. In Norway disjoint service specifications caused service properties and gratifications to remain disconnected, which inhibited data service adoption and channeled data service adoption towards simple SMS based messaging solutions. Differences in service specifications and prospective gratifications not only account for differences in overall service diffusion, but offer valuable insights into institutional forces that shape complex mobile service innovation.     

A theoretical and empirical analysis of the length of residency discount in the rental housing market

We present an analysis of occupancy discounts and suggest a decomposition of the discount into two components, a “sit” discount and a length of residency discount. Data from the national longitudinal survey of the Annual Housing Survey in which 75,000 housing units from around the United States were followed from 1974 to 1977 are used to obtain consistent and efficient estimates of those discounts. The econometric models account for censoring in the data by endogenously treating the tenant's staying decision. The estimation indicates that neither discount is significant. This result is contrary to the commonly accepted result in the urban literature that landlords offer discounts to their current tenants when contracts are renegotiated.     

关于工程开发新模式的思考

循着我国房地产市场的发展轨迹,细心的人会发现房地产开发很多新的模式不断涌现。作为为客户提供产品(住宅,厂房等),提供服务(物业,维保等)的行业,他在自我发展中不断提高,不断提升,不断改进。     

Length of residence discounts,turnover, and demand elasticity. Should long-term tenants pay less than new tenants?

Previous academic work on rental contracts has predicted that landlords will attempt to minimize turnover costs by giving discounts to long-term tenants. If long-term tenants have less elastic demand than short-term tenants, however, landlords might prefer to give discounts to short-term tenants. A model is developed in this paper in which landlords take account of both turnover costs and demand elasticity. Evidence from a survey of apartment managers is consistent with the model and shows that length-of-residence discounts are less common than discounts on the first month’s rent for new tenants.     

发展电子物流系统及案例研究

全球竞争使公司在提高交付的产品和服务的绩效方面面临更大的压力。在努力提高送货服务质量,公司外包其物流服务,包括包装、仓储（库存管理）和货物发运到客户,沿物流价值链整合活动中,沟通起着重要的作用。信息技术,如电子数据交换（EDI）、互联网和电子商务极大地有助于改善物流链中的合作伙伴的沟通。特别是实时信息系统,如基于网络的物流信息系统,有助于提高第三方物流（3PL）服务。文中通过对一个电子物流的案例研究来说明信息技术的影响,尤其是互联网和EDI在物流价值链绩效方面。根据文献调查和案例研究,提出一个框架,帮助企业开发一个电子物流系统,以提高自己的竞争力。     

Spillover effects of human service facilities in a racially segmented housing market

Previous studies of human service facility spillovers on residential property values have been inconclusive, and have failed to take into account the effects of racial segmentation of housing markets. Likewise, studies of racial discrimination in urban housing markets and price differentials between white and nonwhite areas of the city have failed to consider the impacts of service facilities on prices. This study develops an hedonic price model of housing services in a racially segmented housing market, which considers a variety of human service facilities and their spillover effects. Model results for Oakland, California in 1976 indicate that facilities significantly affect housing prices both positively and negatively, and that these effects vary by racial submarket. Implications of these findings for the interpretation of past discrimination studies, facility impact studies, and social policy are considered.     

Discrimination in rental markets: Evidence from Norway

This paper examines discrimination in the rental housing market. We analyze a rich data set on rental contracts from Norway. We find that tenants born abroad pay a statistically significant and economically important premium for their dwelling units after controlling for a comprehensive set of apartment, individual and contract specific covariates. Moreover, we find that the premium is largest for tenants of African origin. Finally, Norwegians whose parents were born abroad also face a statistically significant and economically important rental premium that is directly comparable to the premium paid by tenants born abroad.     

Questions about the equivalence of market rents and user costs for owner occupied housing

For modern nations, it is recognized as important that temporal and spatial variations in costs for comparable dwelling services are carefully measured. The costs of owner occupied as well as rental housing have important roles to play in both the consumer price index (CPI) and the System of National Accounts (SNA). The 1993 System of National Accounts (SNA93) specifies that a rental value of the housing stock should be included as part of the aggregates for personal consumption, personal income, income of proprietors and value added for the real estate industry. Yet, little attention has been devoted to an underlying commonality of practice: the implicit assumption that housing cost information for either renters or owner occupiers can be used for assessing movements over time and spatial differences in the cost of housing for both renters and owners, after allowing for differences regarding payment for taxes and certain ongoing expenses such as insurance and utilities. But in the real world, are the services that renters and owner occupiers get from their dwellings comparable? Also, for both renters and owner occupiers, are there place-related differences in the services they derive from their dwellings? And if so, what are the implications for official statistics making? These are the questions raised by the empirical results presented in this paper.     

Effective Rental Housing Demand in the Tokyo Metropolitan Region

This paper reports on the estimation of housing demand for tenants in Tokyo Metropolitan Region using household level data for 1993. The results indicate that the rental housing demand is inelastic with respect to permanent income and price, with coefficients as 0.31 and -0.093 respectively. Other important variables, which determine housing demand for tenants are length of stay and type of household. Larger households demand more housing. However, keeping the size of household constant, households with elderly members have higher demand for housing. The only exception to the rule is households formed with members not belonging to same nucleus family demand less housing.     

Preferred supplier programs for consulting services: An exploratory study of German client companies

Research has recently provided evidence that at least some companies have involved purchasing departments in buying professional services such as management consulting services. Some departments have established preferred supplier programs (PSPs) for consulting services, i.e., programs for consultancies with whom a company seeks to build up long-term relationships. While there are several studies that analyze such programs for suppliers of goods, research on business services is limited. Our aim is to present an exploratory analysis of PSPs for consulting services. Based on a survey of German client companies, we found that the most important reason for establishing PSPs is to reduce costs and transaction costs. Furthermore, our findings revealed that companies with and without PSPs for consulting services apply high significance to relational selection criteria. Moreover, in companies with PSPs, purchasing departments are more frequently involved in selecting consultancies compared to companies without PSPs. Finally, we found that companies with and without PSPs do not differ in their assessment of problems associated with the purchasing of consulting services. The study contributes to research on the purchasing of consulting services by indicating that the consultant–manager relationship should be extended to a service triad, involving purchasing professionals, managers, and consultants. Moreover, we contribute to research on PSPs by extending the focus to PSPs for knowledge-intensive service providers.