城市形态转换中的生态配置优化--以成都10大环城郊野公园建设为例

中国的城市在持续地高速发展,城市的形态处于急剧的变化之中.城市形态中的生态要素虽受到重视,但在政府的强力主导下,往往片面强调短期的经济利益,造成了资源配置的扭曲.在进行城市生态资源配置时,只有兼顾经济规律和自然规律,按生态城市的原则来进行,优先建设城市生态屏障,才能实现城市空间资源利用效益的最大化.在理论探讨的基础上,本文对成都10大郊野公园建设的得失进行了分析.     

A pollution theory of value

Environmental policies in effect add polluting emissions to the list of society's limited resources. As a consequence, they necessitate the estimation of a new system of values that will relate social ends and economic activities in a regime of optimum resource allocation. The purpose for formulating the theory presented in this paper is to illuminate the nature and assist the determination of these values when emissions are regulated. In discussing the theory's contributions, I place emphasis not on the normative properties of the theory but rather on the potentials it offers for an integrated environmental policy evaluation within a social context. The theory is founded on the concept of productive efficiency and the related concept of accounting prices for resources and for the products of resource utilization.     

Occupational employment sensitivity to shifting patterns of federal expenditures

This paper presents the results obtained from computer simulations conducted to determine the sensitivity of occupational employment demands to shifting patterns of Federal expenditures. The general model utilized is described and the effects of four hypothesized shifts in national priorities upon U.S. manpower requirements in the early 1960's are estimated. Selected occupations are classified and ranked according to their sensitivity to changing patterns of resource allocation between military and civilian activities. From these findings implications for economic and manpower forecasting are derived and discussed.     

Market alternative to state activism in restoring the capitalist economy

The theory of economic transition is concerned less with the end product of building a capitalist economy than with intermediate solutions and the appropriate pace of institutional change. This article advances theoretical arguments on the advantages of a self-grown, evolutionary restoration of the capitalist economy in Eastern Europe or any country abandoning the socialist experiment.The article develops the point that of the two basic methods of setting up an economic order—the state or a market-type mechanism—only the latter can assure the emergence of a genuine, complete market. Further, it suggests that markets with self-interested individual actors at the center are not only superior to states in the allocation of scarce resources, be they economic or political, but are also the best vehicle for institution building.     

我国工业行业信贷资金配置效率研究——基于EVA的面板数据分析

效率是资源配置的核心问题,评价资源配置效率高低的重要标准,是分析资源是否流向有价值创造能力的行业。本文借鉴Jeffrey Wurgler(2000)及经济增加值(EVA)方法,对2002～2005年我国金融机构信贷资金在36个工业行业的配置效率进行了实证分析。研究发现,信贷资金配置效率与我国工业行业价值创造能力总体上呈现出较低相关性,配置效率较差,并就此问题提出了相关政策建议。     

Workflow process modelling and resource allocation based on polychromatic sets theory

In workflow management, studying the relationship between workflow process activities and resource allocation is one of the interesting research topics. Polychromatic sets theory (PST) is a relatively new mathematical theory which is especially suitable for treating such problems. Based on PST, this paper proposes a framework of workflow process modelling and resource allocation. As the theoretical foundation, polychromatic sets (PS), polychromatic graph (PG) and isolation operation (IO) of the PS are introduced. Special net structure (SNS), a special PG with colourless nodes and concolourous edges, is also introduced, and a new workflow process model and its verification algorithm are presented. Furthermore, a workflow resource model based on the entity of PS is developed. Based on IO of PS, the allocation mechanism that considers workflow process and workflow resource is proposed. Finally, a case study is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the above-mentioned theory and method.     

考虑次生灾害的多资源多受灾点资源配置模型

重大的自然灾害往往会伴随一些次生灾害的发生,文中运用情景-分析理论考虑了灾害发生后可能出现的灾害演化,即次生灾害的出现,运用P-中位问题理论建立了一个考虑次生灾害的两阶段最优化的多资源多受灾点资源配置模型,目标函数为资源配置点到受灾点的距离和相应的配置量乘积最小。     

关于京津冀区域创新资源优化配置的若干思考

在京津冀协同发展规划中,京津冀协同创新是推动产业协同发展三地产业结构调整、转型升级的重要基础,而京津冀区域创新资源的优化配置又是促进三地协同创新发展的基础和前提。本文试图通过对区域创新资源优化配置理论和实践的研究,探索京津冀区域创新资源优化配置的总体思路,京津冀区域创新资源优化配置的原则,促进京津冀区域创新资源优化配置的主要措施和基本途径,为推动京津冀协同创新发展提供政策建议。     

房地产开发用地招拍挂制度的市场绩效研究

我国的土地出让招拍挂制度是具有重大意义的市场竞争性交易制度和社会资源配王方式.论文运用拍卖理论简要回顾了土地招拍挂制度影响市场绩效的经济学原理,对全国(2003-2005)和北京(2005-2007)城市土地有偿出让市场进行了分类统计,并以此数据为基础对招标、拍卖和挂牌三种不同出让方式的市场绩效进行了对比分析,得出了我国土地出让市场中存在理论和实践并不一致的结论,并指出了造成该问题的原因是政府对招拍挂制度的干预,最后提出了提高招拍挂制度绩效的建议.     

土地资源配置的空间尺度差异分析

由于我国正处于区域经济一体化和城乡统筹的大背景下,土地利用规划呈现出与建设用地的快速扩展无法适应的态势。为了使土地高效、节约利用关键是协调区域经济发展与土地资源配置之间的关系,而依据现行的行政区划划分建立的土地资源配置体系存在很多弊端。因此,有必要对不同空间尺度下的土地资源配置的差异性进行分析,才能建立一个从宏观到微观的优化配置体系,实现土地可持续利用的目标。     

综合性国家科学中心科学资源配置研究

综合性国家科学中心的根本任务是促进中国经济发展由投资驱动向创新驱动根本转型,其核心是探索既能参与国际科技竞争并与国际科技创新规则接轨,又能促进本国经济发展方式转型的科学制度体系。本文在考察国家科学中心建设背景及研究现状的基础上,明确科学资源配置促进国家科学中心建设的研究主线,围绕政策及治理、人才及资金、设施及平台、计划及组织、配置生态等对科学资源配置的成功经验展开研究,结合国际科学竞争合作新趋势,明晰当前科学资源配置存在的重要问题,根据国家科学中心发展差异提出优化科学资源配置路径。     

GAMBLING AND REGULATION: WHY THERE IS NOTHING TO FEAR FROM LIBERALISATION

There could be significant benefits from the liberalisation of gambling in the UK. It would lead to a more efficient allocation of economic resource and could legalise activities that are currently extra‐legal. The case against liberalisation is not well founded on evidence and there are, indeed, some ‘social benefits’ from gambling.     

Analytic models of resource allocation in hierarchical multi-level systems

Most analytic models of resource allocation do not consider the structure of the organization as a factor in the decision process, i.e. they assume a monolithic decision making entity. This paper surveys in a critical fashion those economic and management science models that explicitly reflect organization structure in the model structure. The theoretical and practical advantages and limitations of each model type are indicated, and developmental trends are noted and related to research requirements in the area of resource allocation in hierarchical multi-level systems.     

Current Issues in the Economics of Groundwater Resource Management

Abstract.  The issue of groundwater management remains a practical concern in many regions throughout the world, while water managers continue to grapple with the question of how to manage this resource. In this article, we attempt to bring the most advanced and appropriate tools to bear on the issue of resource allocation involving groundwater. Our objective is to demonstrate the state of the art in the literature on ways to think about this complex resource and to deal with the important economic issues emanating from its complexity. We present the conceptual framework within which economists examine the elements interacting in the management of groundwater resources, indicate why the role of the market is limited with respect to the price of this very complex resource, and point to the mechanisms that can pull competitive groundwater price and quality-graded quantity of groundwater in line with their equilibrium levels. In particular, we critically review economic models of groundwater use, examine the potential for groundwater management, discuss the difficulties encountered in the estimation of the relevant control variables of such models, and identify the advantages and limitations of the instruments devised for the efficient use (allocation) of this resource. Finally, we argue that devised regulatory schemes usually ignore the information and knowledge needed for their implementation, and we suggest a core of conditions necessary for successful groundwater management reforms.     

企业集团管理控制模式选择的经济后果检验——以租值耗散理论为研究视角

企业集团如何进行管理控制模式选择的问题一直备受关注。本文基于租值耗散理论,从剩余索取权和剩余控制权匹配的要求出发,分析租值耗散理论视角下企业集团管理控制模式选择对资源配置的作用机理,并检验基于租值耗散理论进行管理控制模式选择的经济后果。结果显示,在租值耗散理论视角下依托控股比例进行企业集团管理控制模式选择,能够影响内部控制质量,产生提升资源配置效率的效果;这种提升效果在融资约束较高时更为明显。     

Communication complexity and stability of equilibria in economies and games

The theory of decentralized allocation mechanisms introduced by Leonid Hurwicz enabled economists to analyze the implications of requiring an allocation mechanism to perform well over a range of possible economic environments. One of the earliest major results in this theory was the formalization and proof of Hayek’s famous assertion that the competitive market mechanism minimizes the communication needed to achieve Pareto efficient allocations. The informational efficiency theorem spawned a large literature on communication complexity in allocation mechanisms. This paper provides an exposition of some results on the communication required to make equilibria locally stable, and the possibility of eliciting the required communication in allocation mechanisms and games.     

Emission abatement induced value changes

Emission abatement by economic activities induces fundamental changes in an optimum emission resource allocation. These changes involve the social value of emissions, the comparative advantage of certain activities as efficient polluters, the potential redundancy of certain environmental policies, and the comparative basis for levying emission eligibility fees and for evaluating incoming activities. In this paper I analyze these changes in the context of a linear model of resource allocation.     

Performance-based resource allocation for higher education institutions in China

How to allocate limited resource to higher education institutions has always been a critical problem with significant social and economic relevance. Researchers and educational administrators have long proposed that resource allocation should be linked to performance. In this paper, we develop a performance-based method for a central planner to allocate research funding to different universities to better stimulate the research output. The method builds on existing works on resource allocation via efficiency analysis. The method takes multiple dimensions of research performance into account, including number of publications, number of patents, and revenue from knowledge transfer. We apply the method to a set of 64 major universities in China based on performance in 2014–2016. The application is particularly pertinent at the moment, since the Chinese government is developing a new funding program called the “double first-class” plan, which features performance-based funding as a central pillar of government funding.     

Ruling out pareto dominated monetary equilibria

It is well known that under nominal money supply rules accomplished through lump sum transfers, non-uniqueness and non-optimality of the resource allocation often obtains in monetary models. We show that uniqueness and optimality of the resource allocation obtains if the monetary authority conducts Friedman's rule through open market operations. Our result necessitates and we provide a clarification of existing irrelevance theorems for open market operations. Our result also provides a partial resolution of the uniqueness-efficiency conflict of nominal money supply rules raised by Woodford (Economic Theory 4 (1994) 345–380).     

Economic growth—meritorious or meretricious: A review of social limits to growth

The recent literature on economic growth has seen a reemergence of the questioning of the value of economic growth. Prominent among this new literature is a set of contributions which seek to evaluate the social implications of the pattern of economic growth. The purpose of this paper is to review an important component of this literature—Hirsch's recent book Social Limits to Growth. The central arguments of Hirsch's analysis are evaluated from a general perspective and compared to the balance of the literature. All of the recent additions in this area seem to question the role of markets and values derived based on consumer sovereignty to establish the end results of economic activity and to evaluate the alternative possible resource allocations to obtain them.