盈余波动性与IPO回报:基于风险补偿视角的解释

在资本市场中,IPO回报是关系到多方市场参与主体利益的重要问题之一.基于风险.补偿的视角,以1991-2015年中国A股IPO公司为研究样本,检验盈余波动性对IPO回报的影响.结果 发现,盈余波动性越高,投资者基于风险补偿所要求的IPO回报越高.作用机制检验结果表明,经营风险在盈余波动性对IPO回报的影响中发挥显著的中介效应,而信息风险的中介效应较弱.异质性检验结果显示,IPO制度变迁、投资者构成均会对盈余波动性与IPO回报之间的关系产生影响.此外,盈余波动性也会在较长时期影响IPO回报.研究结果表明:公司的盈余波动性增加了投资者利用盈余信息进行决策的风险,进而促使IPO回报有所提升;公司可以通过提升持续稳定的经营能力降低盈余波动性,进而在一定程度上降低投资者对IPO回报的风险补偿要求.研究结论可以为上市公司有效降低融资成本以及监管机构加强IPO异象监管提供重要的参考.     

风险投资对风险企业IPO功效研究——以我国深市中小板为例

风险投资是专业化投资过程,IPO是参与各方首选退出方式。我国风险投资起步晚、发展缓慢,基于发达国家资本市场得出的有关风险投资的结论未必适用于我国。本文使用深交所中小板相关数据检验风险投资在我国风险企业IPO过程中的具体作用,并对检验结果进行分析。通过对风险投资与风险企业IPO关系研究,为我国风险投资的发展提出合理化建议。     

风险投资退出方式比较研究

本文通过对风险投资主体——风险企业家和风险资本家双方的偏好以及其它影响因素的分析，得出了风险投资主体双方会根据不同的具体情况对IPO与M＆A两种退出方式进行选择，以使各自利益能够实现最大化．     

战略投资者对公司IPO抑价的影响——基于科创板的证据

本文在科创板背景下，研究战略投资者对IPO抑价的影响。研究发现，公司引入战略投资者的配售比例与IPO抑价率显著正相关，表明战略投资者在参与科创板IPO过程中存在认证效应。进一步研究发现，该认证效应在引入更多战略投资者和研发强度更高的公司中更为明显。此外，公司引入战略投资者的配售比例还与公司IPO抑价率的后续效应，即上市后的未来市场表现显著正相关，说明战略投资者的认证效应不仅引发上市初期的较高抑价，还会推高新股上市后的价格。本文研究结论为探讨我国注册制市场IPO抑价问题提供了新的视角，也为我国监管机构优化战略配售机制、促进科技创新企业发展提供了经验证据。     

创业板IPO审计风险及对策研究

2013年11月，证监会发布《关于进一步推进新股发行体制改革的意见》，2014年1月，新一轮的IPO重启。而作为证券市场里的新兴市场，创业板块近几年IPO造假事件频频发生，注册会计师也面临着较大的审计风险。本文拟从注册会计师的角度出发，探讨创业板IPO审计风险的主要构成和应对策略，为参与新一轮的创业板lPO审计提供参考意见。     

A股市场投机行为与IPO抑价内在关系实证研究

IPO抑价现象普遍存在于各证券市场,且影响因素较多.本文利用期权理论与实证研究相结合的方法,对我国A股市场短期投机行为与IPO抑价现象之间的内在关系进行了研究.研究表明由于我国投资者知识及经验相对缺乏,受心理因素影响较大,羊群效应严重以及投资渠道缺少和二级市场长期风险偏高等原因,使投资者更倾向于在一级市场和二级市场进行短期投机套利,由此带来的投机行为成为我国A股市场IPO高抑现象的主要原因.     

资本市场境外投资的正负效应

随着中国加入WTO,资本市场向境外投资者开放已成为必然的趋势。本文首先分析了我国资本市场引进境外投资者对规范资本市场和公司治理的改进效应、对境内投资者的溢出效应以及金融创新效应;同时分析了引进境外投资者可能给资本市场造成的逆向选择效应、风险放大效应以及资源分流效应。并在此基础上明确提出了在资本市场上要采取积极措施促进境外投资者的引入,同时采取各种措施尽量降低负效应的对策建议。     

试论高技术企业融资契约的选择与安排

风险资本家与企业创业家的关系在本质上是一种委托代理关系,由于高技术企业的不确定特性,风险资本家必须面对更加复杂的管理问题、技术问题,以及市场问题,因而风险投资公司和高技术企业必须构建合理的融资契约来协调双方的责权利关系。     

资本市场境外投资的正负效应

随着中国加入WTO，资本市场向境外投资者开放已成为必然的趋势。本文首先分析了我国资本市场引进境外投资者对规范资本市场和公司治理的改进效应、对境内投资者的溢出效应以及金融创新效应；同时分析了引进境外投资者可能给资本市场造成的逆向选择效应、风险放大效应以及资源分流效应。并在此基础上明确提出了在资本市场上要采取积极措施促进境外投资者的引入，同时采取各种措施尽量降低负效应的对策建议。     

风险投资对公司IPO融资成本影响研究综述

风险投资对IPO融资成本影响主要有两种理论。认证和监督理论认为,风险投资在公司和资本市场之间起着减小信息不对称、核证、监管的作用,能减少公司IPO成本。声誉效应理论认为IPO能给风险投资机构带来声誉,风险投资有动机将公司提前上市,这会增加公司IPO成本。     

Venture capitalist participation and the performance of Chinese IPOs

We examine the effects of venture capitalist participation in IPOs in China and find that VC-backed firms are more underpriced than non-VC firms. Both VC-backed and non-VC-backed IPOs experience long-run underperformance; however, VC-backed IPOs perform significantly better. The higher level of underpricing and cost of going public for the VC-backed firms are consistent with the monitoring role of the VC. Finally, the fact that VC reputation is associated with lower underpricing is consistent with the reputational capital theory, which asserts that reputable VCs use their expertise and experience to minimize underpricing in order to preserve their reputational capital.     

Heterogeneous venture capital,M&A activity,and market response

This study investigates the effects of venture capital (VC) investment on newly listed firms' merger and acquisition activities and takes the lock-up period into consideration. We find that venture capitalists (VCs) tend to postpone M&A activities during a lock-up period, whereas the inhibition role recedes when the lock-up period expires. VCs with a longer investment period dominate this influence. We also illustrate how the market responds to the M&A announcements of VC-backed firms, with the response varying with VCs' investment period.     

Incremental impact of venture capital financing

This paper investigates the differences in the return generating process of venture capital (VC)-backed firms and their peers that operate without VC financing. Using a unique hand-picked database of 990 VC-backed Belgian firms and a complete population of Belgian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), we focus on the extent to which the presence of a VC investor affects the sensitivity of a firm’s returns to the changes in the capital structure, in the operating cycle, and in the industry dynamics. The differences may stem from the (self-) selection of better companies into VC portfolios, from the venture capitalists’ (VCs) value-adding activities, and/or from both. We examine these factors in the context of a complex simulation procedure which allows separating selection from value-adding when traditional approaches are difficult to implement. Our results indicate that VC-backed firms are able to extract more rent from the changing industry conditions and from the optimizations in their capital structure. The presence of VCs in the firm’s equity seems to have only a marginal effect on the operating cycle efficiency. Overall, the results are suggestive of the value-adding being the main driver of the VC-backed firm’s performance.     

监督和风险企业控制权安排的关系分析

在风险企业中,风险资本家的主要功能是监督。通过他的监督,降低了创业家选择好行为的机会成本,减少了为了满足他的激励兼容约束而必须给予他的收益,放松了项目得以实施对创业家自有资本的要求,提高了项目融资的可能性。为了保证风险资本家监督的有效性,必须赋予他对风险企业的控制权。与成熟企业不同,风险资本家的控制权大小与他投入的资金多少并没有直接联系。他往往具有超比例的控制权,甚至控制董事会的权力。     

Venture Capitalists, Syndication and Governance in Initial Public Offerings

This paper examines the development of effective boards in venture capital (VC)-backed initial public offerings. It argues that VC-backed IPOs suffer from two sets of agency costs which are related to principal–agent and principal–principal relationships between the founders and members of the VC syndicate. Using a unique sample of 293 entrepreneurial IPOs in the UK it shows that VC syndicates invest in relatively more risky firms. VC-backed IPOs have more independent boards than IPOs with no VC involvement, with board independence being higher in syndicated VC-backed firms. These results are consistent with assumption that these governance factors are used to mitigate agency costs associated with VC involvement in IPO firms. We also find that in syndicated IPOs there is a higher equity presence of passive private equity firms investing alongside VC firms.     

Learning from own and others’ previous experience: the contribution of the venture capital firm to the likelihood of a portfolio company’s trade sale

The objective of this paper is to examine to what extent different venture capital firms contribute to the likelihood that the portfolio company in which they invested will realize a trade sale. We use arguments from learning theory to hypothesize the relationship between vicarious, experiential and congenital learning of the venture capital (VC) firm and the trade sale hazard of its portfolio companies. Based on our analysis of 206 VC-backed UK start-ups, we find that both trade sale experience of the VC and learning from syndicate partners with trade sale experience significantly increase the trade sale hazard. The routines and procedures learned from experienced syndicate partners complement experience accumulated through trial and error. Congenital trade sale experience of the investment managers on the contrary has no significant influence on the acquisition hazard.     

美、日风险投资运作机制及其借鉴

美、日风险投资运作机制不同,导致两国风险投资发展效果迥异。美国风险投资公司以有限合伙制为其主流组织形式,有发达的私人权宜资本市场和二板市场作为风险资本进入和退出的渠道,并且也形成了适宜于风险投资发展的人才和文化环境。而日本风险投资公司的组织形式、二板市场状况和文化环境等条件都难与风险投资发展的内在要求相适应。我国目前风险投资发展中存在许多问题,对美、日风险投资运作机制的分析能为我国发展风险投资提供重要的借鉴作用。     

Assessing the impact of public venture capital programmes in the United Kingdom: Do regional characteristics matter?

This article analyses whether and how the impact of publicly backed venture capital (VC) funds varies across regions, depending on their level of innovation intensity and in comparison with private VC funds. Building on agency and human capital theories, the authors distinguish public VC funds into regional and governmental types, to assess potential differences in the performance of their portfolio companies. The analyses rely on a sample of 628 VC-backed companies in the United Kingdom during 1998–2007, and they confirm that regional characteristics matter for rigorous assessments of the effectiveness of public VC programmes.     

Is venture capital socially responsible? Exploring the imprinting effect of VC funding on CSR practices

We study how corporate social responsibility (CSR) is guided by ownership history, specifically whether a company receives venture capital (VC) funding or not. We argue that companies that receive VC funding are less likely to adopt CSR practices due to unique VC imprinting and that temporal and investment orientation moderate this relationship. We find that VC-backed companies have poorer CSR records, which do improve over time, but at a comparatively slower rate than non-VC-backed companies. However, when VC-backed companies receive funding from VC firms that have a responsible investment orientation and a broader stakeholder view, their CSR records are significantly better. This study contributes to our understanding of imprinting boundaries and related repercussions in stakeholder management strategies.     

制度学习、网络中心性和市场进入——跨国风险资本在华投资的实证研究

在我国风险投资市场不断繁荣而且跨国风险投资大量涌进的背景下,本文主要运用清科数据库2001年1月1日到201 0年1 2月31日的数据进行分析,研究发现跨国风险投资机构的网络中心性对"制度学习一市场进入"的关系具有中介作用。跨国风险投资机构不同的联合投资网络中心性对制度学习正向影响市场进入的影响作用不同,其中中介中心性的影响作用最大,表明跨国风险资本充当其他风险投资机构网络联结的中介具有重要的作用。在此基础上,本研究对跨国风险投资机构和本土风险投资机构的实践及联合投资网络的运作提出相应的建议,以期推动我国风险投资产业的有序发展。