对不良资产集中与分散处置模式的比较与分析

金融机构特别是商业银行的不良资产及其处置问题，一直是世界各国政府和金融界普遍关注的问题。国内外经验表明，解决商业银行的不良资产问题，具体处置模式和手段是问题的关键。银行处置不良资产的模式大致有两种：一是集中处置模式，即由出资设立独立的金融机构统一剥离、收购、经营和处置银行的不良资产，如美国的重组信托公司、日本的过桥银行以及我国的金融资产管理公司等。另一种是分散处置模式，即由银行内部成立专门机构来处理自己的不良资产。     

试论金融资产管理公司参与地方中小金融机构不良资产管理和处置

近年来，区域性中小金融机构潜在的风险特别是不良资产问题日趋被社会各界尤其是当地政府所关注，而中小金融机构沉重的历史包袱靠自身消化吸收的难度大、时间长。本文在借鉴国内外中小金融机构处置金融不良资产模式的基础上，提出了金融资产管理公司参与地方中小金融机构不良资产管理与处置的可行性建议和具体方式。     

对商业银行不良资产处置的几点思考

本文分析了国内商业银行不良资产处置面临的内外部环境变化;当前商业银行不良资产处置中存在的法律体系不够完备,相关管理办法不合理;社会信用环境依然欠佳,企业资本关联日趋复杂;不良资产处置理念、处置机制、处置手段与国际先进金融机构存在较大差距;不良资产估值定价手段欠科学,缺乏历史数据积累和模型建设;不良资产处置人员业务素质与日益复杂的处置要求不相适应等方面的问题.借鉴国内外金融机构不良资产处置的多种方式方法,针对性地提出加快商业银行不良资产处置的对策及建议,以此提升不良资产处置的效率和效益.     

我国金融机构不良资产处置新思路——不良资产交易中心的构建及其运作

目前我国金融资产管理公司在处置金融机构不良资产过程中已经取得一定进展,但同时也表现出许多局限性。本文在对我国金融机构不良资产处置现状进行分析的基础上,提出了建立不良资产交易中心的组织构架及其运作思路,并分析了它的合理性及深远意义。     

从日本韩国经验看美国“不良资产处置计划”

该文首先分析了美国财政部建立的“不良资产处置计划”的预期政策效果,认为美国次贷危机是“百年一遇的金融危机”,影响广泛、传播迅速,为了确保金融体系的稳定性,组建专门的不良资产处置计划非常有必要。同时,文章回顾了20世纪90年代日本和韩国为应对当时的金融危机,所采取的处置巨额金融机构不良资产的一些举措,认为美国的不良资产处置计划在其运作方式及收购价格的确定方面可以借鉴日本和韩国的经验和教训。     

以平台化思维处置不良资产的研究

在不良资产规模大幅攀升的严峻形势下,如何提升不良资产的处置能力成为商业银行的迫切需要。本文在分析商业银行不良资产现状和不良资产处置模式的基础上,分析了我国商业银行不良资产处置的发展趋势,并从平台化思维的角度提出了提升不良资产处置能力的对策建议,包括打造内部集中模式的处置平台、不良资产处置方式的创新研究平台、不良资产处置的投资平台、不良资产处置的互联网化平台以及专业化的资产管理平台。     

我国金融机构不良资产处置新思路

目前我国金融资产管理公司在处置金融机构不良资产过程中已经取得一定进展，但同时也表现出许多局限性。在对我国机构不良资产处理现状进行分析的基础上，提出了建立不良资产交易中心的组织构架及其运作思路，并分析了它的合理性及深远意义。     

不良信贷资产内部处置模式研究

目前，商业银行处置不良资产的模式可分为两种：一种是外部处置模式，即由政府出资设立专门的机构，如金融资产管理公司等；另一种是内部处置模式，即在银行内部设置的“特殊经营机构”。尽管我国四家金融资产管理公司已完成1．3万亿元不良资产的剥离，但由于剥离规模和条件的限制，仍有大量不良资产留在银行内部。因此，从体制上构建不良资产内部处置模式，也是解决商业银行不良资产问题的重要途径。     

国有商业银行不良资产处置的新模式

在国有商业银行股份制改造完成的这一历史进程中,不良资产的剥离和处置至为重要。虽然不良资产处置已经取得了较大成绩,但存量不良资产处置和新增不良压力不减的严峻形势都要求我们在传统的不良资产处置方式上进行模式创新。本文即是基于这样的目的,首先简述了传统的不良资产处置模式,并在此基础上对不良资产处置的创新模式进行了探索,并提出了相关政策建议。     

对海南省商业银行不良资产处置情况的分析

海南省银行金融机构的不良资产比重过大,严重影响了银行业资产的流动性,使海南省银行业隐藏着较大的风险。本文从海南省各商业银行不良资产的现状入手,深入分析不良资产形成的原因、存在的问题和处置的难点,并提出处置不良资产的对策建议。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…