低碳经济背景下碳金融发展的国际借鉴与启示

碳金融是金融体系应对气候变化的重要机制创新。自《京都议定书》生效以来,碳交易市场已经发展成为全球最具发展潜力的商品交易市场。我国既要减缓气候变化对金融体系的负面效应,又要在适应气候变化中把握机遇,提供管理气候风险的金融产品和服务,最终实现减排目标。本文先简述了低碳经济和碳金融,然后总结了国外发展碳金融实践经验,提出推动我国碳金融发展的相关对策。     

碳金融发展与我国商业银行业务创新

碳金融,是所有服务于限制温室气体排放的金融活动的总称,它为全球应对气候变化起了重要的作用。对于我国商业银行来说,碳金融的巨大市场预示着良好的发展前景和盈利机会。本文回顾了碳金融的源起,介绍了我国银行业碳金融的发展现状以及存在的问题,并在此基础上提出了我国商业银行推动碳金融业务创新的政策建议。     

拓展碳金融业务 提升银行竞争力

近年来国内碳金融业务发展迅速,从长期看已成为必然趋势。本文研究了碳金融体系的核心内容,分析了目前国内银行业在碳金融业务方面的最新进展,论述了我国发展碳金融的必要性与商业银行参与碳金融体系建设和发展碳金融业务的重要意义,最后给出了商业银行开展碳金融业务的相关建议。     

我国商业银行碳金融业务发展思路

<正>全球气候变化是人类迄今面临的重大环境问题,解决气候变化问题的根本措施是减少二氧化碳(CO2,简称碳)的排放。自2005年《京都议定书》生效以来,碳排放权成为了一种稀缺资源,作为价格信号激励企业加大节能减排领域的研发与投资,以控制温室气体的排放。碳交易市场的快速发展衍生出与碳交易相关的金融需求,碳金融应运而生。我国碳金融市场尚处于起步阶段,需要以商业银行为平台,加快建立和完善构建碳金融体系。本文从当前国内外碳金融市场发展情况入手,对我国商业银行发展碳金融业务提出几点思路和建议。     

我国商业银行碳金融业务发展思路

<正>全球气候变化是人类迄今面临的重大环境问题,解决气候变化问题的根本措施是减少二氧化碳(CO2,简称碳)的排放。自2005年《京都议定书》生效以来,碳排放权成为了一种稀缺资源,作为价格信号激励企业加大节能减排领域的研发与投资,以控制温室气体的排放。碳交易市场的快速发展衍生出与碳交易相关的金融需求,碳金融应运而生。我国碳金融市场尚处于起步阶段,需要以商业银行为平台,加快建立和完善构建碳金融体系。本文从当前国内外碳金融市场发展情况入手,对我国商业银行发展碳金融业务提出几点思路和建议。     

基于清洁发展机制的碳金融发展策略

在京都议定书的框架下,中国是基于清洁发展机制项目的碳排放权的最大卖方。本文围绕清洁发展机制,从国内碳排放定价权、商业银行碳金融业务模式和上海国际金融中心建设三个角度分析了我国碳金融发展战略问题。提出应重视从搭建卖方价格机制的角度建设我国碳排放权市场,把发展自愿减排机制和建设CERs市场共同作为发展我国碳市场定价权的核心内容;分析了我国商业银行的三种碳金融业务模式,并给出了商业银行发展碳金融业务核心能力的建议;提出以上海国际金融中心建设为大平台参与国内碳市场布局分工,以先试先行的碳金融模式吸引金融机构和促进金融活动的集聚。     

从碳资产质押授信看我国碳金融业务创新

在碳金融业务领域,国外商业银行在银行贷款、直接投融资、碳指标交易、碳交易中介服务、碳期权期货等方面成绩斐然。而我国商业银行的碳金融业务范围相当有限,对碳金融业务的创新不足。本文分析了我国商业银行碳金融业务创新的主要障碍,并以兴业银行碳资产质押授信业务为例,提供了其在碳金融业务领域创新的主要经验,论文通过总结国外碳金融产品与服务发展的新趋势,提出我国商业银行拓展碳金融业务创新的新途径。     

从碳资产质押授信看我国碳金融业务创新

在碳金融业务领域,国外商业银行在银行贷款、直接投融资、碳指标交易、碳交易中介服务、碳期权期货等方面成绩斐然。而我国商业银行的碳金融业务范围相当有限,对碳金融业务的创新不足。本文分析了我国商业银行碳金融业务创新的主要障碍,并以兴业银行碳资产质押授信业务为例,提供了其在碳金融业务领域创新的主要经验,论文通过总结国外碳金融产品与服务发展的新趋势,提出我国商业银行拓展碳金融业务创新的新途径。     

碳金融与银行业发展研究——拓展碳金融业务提升银行竞争力

近年来国内碳金融业务发展迅速,从长期看已成为必然趋势。本文研究了碳金融体系的核心内容,分析了目前国内银行业在碳金融业务方面的最新进展,论述了我国发展碳金融的必要性与商业银行参与碳金融体系建设和发展碳金融业务的重要意义,最后给出了商业银行开展碳金融业务的相关建议。     

我国商业银行碳金融实践存在的问题及发展对策

商业银行是碳金融的市场主体,国际商业银行的碳金融业务开展广泛,但我国商业银行目前开展碳金融业务存在认知不深刻,参与度不高,银行利益缺乏保证,面临政策风险,金融产品单一等问题。在巨大的机遇和挑战下,我国商业银行应该积极而广泛地参与碳金融业务,开展碳金融创新,防范低碳业务风险,完善组织结构。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Short-sale refinancing and price adjustment speed to bad news: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

Short selling may accelerate stock price adjustment to negative news. However, the literature provides mixed evidence for this prediction. Using short-sale refinancing and a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper explores the effect of short selling on stock price adjustment. Our results show that (1) short-sale refinancing improves the speed of stock price adjustment to negative news. This result holds after we control for endogeneity. (2) The positive relationship between short-sale refinancing and stock price adjustment speed is significant in subsamples of stocks with higher earnings management or lower accuracy of analyst forecasts, indicating that firms with more opaque information are more likely to be targeted by short sellers. In subsamples of stocks with a higher ownership concentration or lower ownership by institutional investors, short selling is more likely to increase the speed of stock price adjustment, indicating that ownership structure may influence negative news mining. (3) As short-sale refinancing exacerbates the absorption of bad news by stock prices, it increases crash risk. This study enriches the research on the economic consequences of short selling and provides empirical evidence supporting regulations on short selling in China.     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:     

The China puzzle: Opportunities for accounting research

How can China achieve phenomenal economic growth despite what is considered as 'weak' institutions in market-based economies? Xu(2011) provides a framework to u...