巧用Excel校核工程零件清单的完整性和准确性

文章介绍产品配置表(PDS)和工程零件清单的结构,论述了基于手工Excel管理的工程零件清单(简称EPL),如何巧用Excel结合PDS检查EPL工程零件清单中发布的采购级零件的完整性,以及零部件带有的其他信息是否准确。文章提供了2种方法,并比较了这2种方法的优劣,为提高EPL数据完整性、准确性提供帮助。     

提高EPL在海外项目工程变更时的准确性研究

在以消费者为导向的市场机制里,企业的产品必须满足消费者不断变化的需求,所以生产企业的产品均不断推新,争取做到更优的质量、更低的成本、更好的服务、更短的新产品上市时间,来赢得更多的用户和市场份额。如何在不断变更的产品设计过程中保证EPL数据的准确性,是很多企业面临的课题。文章针对海外项目同时维护2种不同系统的EPL的情况,介绍在工程变更中验证与维护EPL的方法。     

提高EPL在海外项目工程变更时的准确性研究

在以消费者为导向的市场机制里，企业的产品必须满足消费者不断变化的需求，所以生产企业的产品均不断推新，争取做到更优的质量、更低的成本、更好的服务、更短的新产品上市时间，来赢得更多的用户和市场份额。如何在不断变更的产品设计过程中保证EPL数据的准确性，是很多企业面临的课题。文章针对海外项目同时维护2种不同系统的EPL的情况，介绍在工程变更中验证与维护EPL的方法。     

工程量清单编制质量控制探究

工程量清单作为招标文件的组成部分在工程发包中起着很重要的作用,清单编制的质量对工程承发包阶段投标价的准确性、项目实施阶段合同能否恰当履行、工程结算阶段合同投资是否增加等都会有直接影响.因此,如何控制工程量清单质量在工程量清单计价模式下显得尤为重要,本文从实际工作中发现工程量清单编制常存在问题角度着手,阐述工程清单问题的种类及其危害,提出解决工作问题的建议.     

建筑给排水安装工程量清单编写要点

作为招标方,要对工程量清单的准确性负责,编写给排水安装工程工程量清单的要点在于:深刻理解给排水施工图纸、深刻理解通用安装工程工程量计算规范、全面把握给排水的施工工艺、技术措施和实施方案的基础上列全清单项。在计算管道清单量时,要注意的是给水支管、排水支管与卫生洁具的分界点,在描述成套卫生洁具的项目特征时,要深刻把握卫生洁具的安装工艺和其所包含的给排水附件的内容。     

工程量清单审核和控制价的编审要点分析

一般工程项目施工过程中的变更和索赔的现象比较多,结算超预算的问题也会经常出现,为了有效控制这些情况,工程量清单和控制价编制单位必须审核清单和控制价的完整性和准确性。为此,工程量清单(以下简称清单)和控制价的审核质量至关重要。清单和控制价的审核应由具有丰富工作经验造价人员或者造价工程师来完成,本文主要浅谈工程量清单和控制价审核的一些要点。     

现行工程造价规范分析与探讨

目前,国内发布施工行的工程计价规范主要包括《建设工程工程量清单计价规范》(GB 50500-2013)、《公路工程标准施工招标文件》(2009年版)、《水利工程工程量清单计价规范》(2007年版)、《水运工程工程量清单计价规范》(JTS 271-2008)等,以上各规范是由各行各业长年计价过程的经验总结而成,文章主要对以上各种规范进行对比分析及探讨。     

加固改造工程在工程量清单计价模式下的组价方法的实施

当前套用上世纪90年代各省份出台的房屋修缮定额是建筑加固改造行业较为广泛的一种计价模式。但由于定额适用性上的各种原因,该种模式的计价行为存在较大的局限。此外,在国家推行工程量清单计价的大环境下,我国在加固改造工程领域的计价还未落实工程量清单计价,影响着加固改造工程造价的合理性、准确性及有效性。本研究以采用工程造价计价控制原理编制企业定额,运用既有工程量清单计价规范的基本思路,形成了加固改造工程在工程量清单计价模式下的组价方法,较好地解决该工程领域的合理计价问题。     

小议工程量清单的准确性和完整性

文章从最新修订实行的工程量清单规范及示范合同文本对工程量清单的准确性和完整性进行了阐述,并对影响工程量清单准确性和完整性的因素做了分析,并提出了解决方法。     

提升总装装配防错能力的研究

文章对汽车制造过程中的总装装配出错问题进行了研究,并提出合理的解决方案。方案介绍如下:新建总装装配防错系统;将车型与零件的基础数据(品种代码与零件号的对应关系)维护到防错系统中;同时,将制造执行系统中的制造部分数据通过接口方式传输给防错系统。零件装配时,扫描车辆VIN和零件条码,从而获取零件装配的品种代码和零件号;通过扫描的品种代码、零件号与维护好的基础数据做校验,得出该车辆是否应该装配该零件,从而实现零件装配防错作业。     

Employment protection regulation,trade unions and tenure of employment: An analysis in 23 European countries

This article focuses on the relationship between employment protection regulation (EPL), trade unions and tenure of employment. A main hypothesis is that EPL strictness tends to prolong tenure, because rigorous rules imply that remaining with the same employer gives more job security. The role of unions can be expected to be similar. These assumptions are related to issues regarding dualisation in the labour market. Data used are the European Working Conditions Survey 2010—including 23 countries and more than 18,500 employees—combined with national‐level data on EPL, unemployment, union density and collective bargaining coverage. The analyses reveal that EPL strictness and bargaining coverage are associated with longer tenure. The same goes for having an employee representative in the workplace. The institutional variables work through interactions with individual‐level variables. For example, the impact of age, which is strongly linked to tenure, increases with stricter EPL and higher bargaining coverage.     

汽车座椅舒适性开发的初步研究

文章通过深入分析消费者对汽车座椅舒适性要求的诉求模型,系统地阐述了座椅舒适性的定义及基于此定义的舒适性目标的建立,并结合多年项目经验提出了汽车座椅舒适性设计开发的一般原则和要点,以及舒适性分析验证及完善的主要手段,同时围绕整车开发流程概述了座椅舒适性设计开发流程和主要关键节点,最后对座椅舒适性设计开发在汽车上的实际应用效果进行了辨证分析和总结,对其未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

汽车座椅舒适性开发的初步研究

文章通过深入分析消费者对汽车座椅舒适性要求的诉求模型，系统地阐述了座椅舒适性的定义及基于此定义的舒适性目标的建立，并结合多年项目经验提出了汽车座椅舒适性设计开发的一般原则和要点，以及舒适性分析验证及完善的主要手段，同时围绕整车开发流程概述了座椅舒适性设计开发流程和主要关键节点，最后对座椅舒适性设计开发在汽车上的实际应用效果进行了辨证分析和总结，对其未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

基于MATLAB和Labwindows/CVI的车辆刹车系统仿真研究

汽车刹车系统的性能直接影响到驾驶员及乘客的安全。文章以某型汽车为研究背景,依据该型汽车在刹车过程中的动力学特性,建立了该型汽车在刹车过程中的系统模型,然后利用Matlab/Simulink对该系统建立后台仿真模型,并通过CVI实现上层仿真控制台。最后,通过仿真实验对该系统模型的准确性进行了验证。系统仿真结果表明所建立的汽车刹车系统模型具有较高的准确性,同时也说明了文中所采用的方法的可行性。     

Does employment protection help immigrants? Evidence from European labor markets

High levels of employment protection reduce hiring and firing and have a theoretically ambiguous effect on the employment level. Immigrants, being new to the labor market, may be less aware of employment protection regulations and less likely to claim their rights, which may create a gap between the costs for employers of hiring a native relative to hiring an immigrant. This paper tests that hypothesis drawing on evidence for the EU and on two natural experiments for Spain and Italy. The results suggest that strict employment protection legislation (EPL) gives immigrants a comparative advantage relative to natives. Stricter EPL is found to reduce employment and reduce hiring and firing rates for natives. By contrast, stricter EPL has a much smaller effect on immigrants.     

基于SNA法治堵降PM2．5研究

SNA也称社会网络分析法。在治理汽车尾排放PM2．5过程中,提高车速、治理拥堵是一个被研究证明行之有效的办法。文中重在介绍如何在收集国内外治堵学术文献的基础上,通过SNA法寻找治堵关键词及关键词之间的共现频率,得到交通治堵方面的前沿研究热点和综合管理措施的方法。应用Ucinet可视化工具,通过社会网络分析法研究如何提高交通流速度减少PM2．5排放是一种全新的思路,希望通过研究为我国的汽车尾气PM2．5治理提供一种新的思路。     

Examining policy configurations as conditions for long-term unemployment and non-standard employment in OECD countries using fuzzy-set analysis

This paper investigates how particular configurations of institutional conditions cause high rate of long-term unemployment and non-standard employment rate for 18 OECD countries during the period of 2001–2008. The paper aims to investigate how employment protection legislation (EPL), unemployment benefit and statutory minimum wages are associated with long-term unemployment and non-standard employment. Using the fuzzy-set analysis, the paper examines how the combination of policies matters in causing long-term unemployment and/or non-standard employment. The result suggests that a low level of statutory minimum wage can lead to high levels of non-standard employment in combination with either strict EPL for permanent workers or weak EPLs for temporary workers. The long-term unemployment rate is suggested to be high when there is strict EPL for temporary workers in combination with high levels of statutory minimum wage. This paper highlights the importance of examining multiple policies as configuration.     

Synchronization of Innovation and Vehicle Projects: Proposal of a Management Tool at Renault SAS

The success of a vehicle on the market depends on its price, reliability, and attractiveness; for the latter, innovations are the key elements in the differentiation from competitors. Managing the processes of selecting and integrating innovation projects into vehicle projects is therefore crucial. This article presents a management tool that aims at managing the interplay between innovation projects and vehicle projects. The objectives are to increase and optimize the amount and value of innovation projects integrated into vehicle projects. The tool, called “Profilor,” is based on the concept of intrusiveness, which is presented from a theoretical and empirical point of view.     

The impact of Greek labour market regulation on temporary employment – evidence from a survey in Thessaly,Greece

This paper uses an original data-set for 186 workplaces in Thessaly (central Greece), to study consequences of Greece's strict employment protection law (EPL) and national minimum wage for temporary employment. We find higher temporary work contract rates among workplaces that pay low wages close to the minimum. We also find that EPL ‘matters’, in particular, managers who prefer temporary contracts because temporary workers are less protected definitely employ more. Our findings thus support the view that a firm's HRM decisions regarding internal versus external allocation of tasks are influenced by labour regulation.