基于提升小波变换的图像去噪

对小波先进行提升,再用提升小波进行图像分解去噪。通过对比不同的去噪方式与去噪效果,实验证明基于提升小波的去噪是一种好的去噪方式,去噪效果比较好。     

一种基于小波包分解图像的去噪方法

用小波包分解图像，对图像进行去噪，在图像去噪中能得到很好的效果。这里首先利用高斯一拉普拉斯边缘检测方法检测图像的边缘，再用小波包变换对图像的平滑区进行阈值去噪，并且对图像邻域进行平滑处理，最后把边缘图像嵌入到平滑图像。这种图像处理方法不仅可以去除图像的噪声，图像的去噪效果和清晰度也大大地得到了提高，而且图像的边缘信息也得到了很好的保持。     

复杂环境中压力表可靠性三维模型

针对目前压力表可靠性分析方法存在的缺陷,本文提出复杂环境中压力表可靠性数值建模分析方法。在复杂环境中采集的压力表图像存在大量的噪声,为此建立维纳滤波器,对压力表图像展开去噪处理;将去噪后的压力表图像输入三维重建神经网络中,生成压力表的多个邻近视角图像,在此基础上通过3D重建子网络构建压力表三维模型,获取压力表的相关数据,为后续的可靠性分析提供数据支持;在浴盆定理的基础上通过三参数威布尔分布建立压力表的故障函数,实现压力表的可靠性分析。实验结果表明,所提方法的图像去噪效果好,可有效分析压力表的失效率和可靠寿命,具有较高的可靠性分析精度。该方法可以适用于化工、石油、天然气、电力、汽车制造、实验室等多个领域,通过保证生产质量和数据效验的可靠性。     

基于稀疏字典的图像去噪方法研究

传统的去噪方法在去除噪声时,不仅会造成较大的模糊,还会影响图像的边缘信息。文章利用稀疏表示理论去噪,将包含噪声的图像分解成低频信号和高频信号,由于噪声大部分都是高频信号,于是我们利用K-SVD算法仅对高频信号进行去噪,然后将去噪后的高频信号和原有的低频信号相融合。这样能有效地降低噪声对图像影响,为下一步的图像处理打好了基础。文章通过实验对比了传统空间域和频率域的去噪方法和NL-means去噪算法。试验结果表明,文章内所述方法在去除噪声的同时,能较好的保留图像的边缘和细节信息。     

傅里叶变换在桥梁伸缩缝位移监测数据去噪上的应用

高频噪声对计算伸缩缝累计位移的影响较大,因此为了消除噪声影响,应对位移信号进行傅里叶变换,并将高频噪声部分置零,即可将消除位移信号中由噪声引起的高频位移信号。文章以苏通大桥的伸缩缝位移数据为例,对该去噪方法进行了讨论,结果证明,该方法对伸缩缝位移信号去噪效果明显,能有效地将噪声与实际位移信号分离。     

对于Photoshop通道技术的研究

通道是Photoshop图像处理中不可缺少的利器,但它也是一个相对抽象的概念,目前能够真正了解或者说明到底什么是通道,以及能够得心应手使用它的人,很少。究其原因,是由于大多数用户开始接触Photoshop时,只是进行着一些简单的操作:选取——再选取——再处理,很少有人会在一开始就使用通道来存储选区,从而减少操作的步骤。导致通道成为初级用户的一个难题,造成了很多技术上的断层。对与通道技术的研究,可以帮助我们如何准确的分离图像,如何准确地做出选区,以便我们能够设计出精美的图片来。     

复杂背景下的图像去噪处理方法

现阶段，图像的使用与传播愈来愈广泛，而基于原始数据信息基础上的图像去噪处理手段显然为得到最佳的图像结果被大家所重视。基于此，本文基于复杂噪声背景下去研究图像去噪的处理方法，笔者主要从图像噪声模型、去噪处理的研究现状出发，探究几种常见和最新的去噪处理方法。     

一种基于小波尺度相关性的自适应阈值去噪算法

针对图像去噪时造成的边缘模糊和细节损失问题,结合小波尺度相关性理论和经典的阈值去噪方法,提出了一种新的图像去噪算法,该算法利用不同尺度上小波系数间的相关性,对原图像和噪声对应的小波系数进行最大程度的区分,对前者予以保留,对后者则结合闽值去噪方法和该小波系数是原图像的置信程度进行处理。实验结果表明,该算法在达到很好的图像去噪的同时,能很好地保留图像的边缘和细节信息。     

三维激光扫描点云数据处理及建模研究

三维激光扫描仪以非接触方式获取物体对象的点云数据,对其建模可真实还原物体对象原始面貌,因而在城市建设、文物保护、农业以及制造业等方面都有很大影响。本文就点云数据空间索引的建立、配准、去噪、精简、分割等原理及处理过程进行详细介绍,并分析不同处理方法有缺点及适用性,最后利用Imageware软件对点云数据进行处理,用3dmax2017对建筑物三维点云数据模型构建。     

虚拟演播室在微课制作中的应用研究

虚拟演播室可通过计算机对相关不存在或难以应用传统方法构建的三维场景开展实时制作,并可借助摄像机对拍摄的视频与制作的虚拟场景进行合成,使虚拟背景与视频图像实现同步变化,前景与背景实现充分结合。文章通过阐述虚拟演播室的内涵特征,分析虚拟演播室在微课制作中的优势,对虚拟演播室在微课制作中的应用提出以下建议:依托虚拟演播室对课件进行二次处理,增强教师与学生的交互性;依托虚拟演播室抠像技术,增强教师与学习材料的交互性;依托虚拟演播室营造实训情境,增强学生与学习材料的交互性。研究旨在为促进微课教学的有序开展提供一些思路。     

Randomized algorithms for statistical image analysis and site percolation on square lattices

We propose a novel probabilistic method for detection of objects in noisy images. The method uses results from percolation and random graph theories. We present an algorithm that allows to detect objects of unknown shapes in the presence of random noise. The noise density is assumed to be unknown and can be very irregular. The algorithm has linear complexity and exponential accuracy, and is appropriate for real‐time systems. We prove results on consistency and algorithmic complexity of our procedure. © 2013 The Authors. Statistica Neerlandica © 2013 VVS.     

关于降低放大器的噪声及提高信噪比的研究

本文论述了在有噪声放大器的系统中,通过串联、并联或双通道等形式引入低噪声放大器,提出了放大器降低噪声和提高信噪比的方法。为运放的降噪的应用及信噪比的提高提供了有益的参考。     

一种基于四分法噪声检测的开关中值滤波算法

为了精确的检测出图像中的脉冲噪声并滤除,提出一种基于四分法噪声检测的开关中值滤波算法。该算法使用一种新的检测方法将噪声检测窗口内的像素按灰度值大小进行排序,并且通过差分方法划分出高、低阶噪声块和高、低阶信号块四部分。当待测像素属于高、低阶信号块时将其视为信号点,否则,根据噪声块与信号块内像素比例关系就可认定其为噪声点或可能噪声点,若为可能噪声点,则需扩展检测窗口重新检测。对确定噪声点,取滤窗内信号点的中值作为滤波输出。实验证明该算法对脉冲噪声有较强的抑制作用。     

Statistical Scale Space Methods

The goal of statistical scale space analysis is to extract scale‐dependent features from noisy data. The data could be for example an observed time series or digital image in which case features in either different temporal or spatial scales would be sought. Since the 1990s, a number of statistical approaches to scale space analysis have been developed, most of them using smoothing to capture scales in the data, but other interpretations of scale have also been proposed. We review the various statistical scale space methods proposed and mention some of their applications.     

一种基于几何关系的数据点云去噪算法

点云去噪是逆向工程中点云数据处理中的一个重要环节,其对最终理想模型的精度将产生很大的影响。针对激光扫描光刀法扫描的点云数据,本文提出了一种基于几何关系的三角形滤波法则,能够较好的进行去噪处理。     

Optimal contest design under reverse-lottery technology

In this paper, we study effort-maximizing contest design under the “reverse” nested lottery contest model of Fu et al. (2014) — which is the “mirror image” of the conventional nested lottery contest of Clark and Riis (1996). We show that under the reverse-lottery technology, a single-stage winner-take-all grand contest dominates all other feasible designs when the contest is sufficiently noisy. This result is in dramatic contrast to the conventional wisdom on the optimality of multistage elimination contests that is grounded under the conventional nested lottery contest technology in the literature. In the framework of a noisy-performance ranking model, the conventional and reverse models differ only in the noise on players’ performance. Our study therefore reveals the important role that the noise term plays in modeling imperfectly discriminatory contests.     

Principles of controlling traffic noise : Solving a multi-objective decision problem

The main objectives for a government to control traffic noise are such as economic efficiency, a reasonable welfare distribution and acceptable noise standards. The instruments available for arriving at these objectives are traffic control, emission regulation and environment protection. This paper analyzes how to make trade-offs between such objectives and how to choose a combination of noise control instruments. Special attention is then made to one welfare distribution objective, namely the ‘polluters-pay-principle’. That principle demands using the vehicle tax to finance investments to protect environment. And in order to stimulate the development of less noisy vehicles such a tax has to be progressively increased for noisy cars. The analysis is demonstrated on the situation of Sweden where a differentiation of norms as well as of vehicle taxes is proposed.     

Testing for jumps when asset prices are observed with noise–a “swap variance” approach

This paper proposes a new test for jumps in asset prices that is motivated by the literature on variance swaps. Formally, the test follows by a direct application of Itô’s lemma to the semi-martingale process of asset prices and derives its power from the impact of jumps on the third and higher order return moments. Intuitively, the test statistic reflects the cumulative gain of a variance swap replication strategy which is known to be minimal in the absence of jumps but substantial in the presence of jumps. Simulations show that the jump test has nice properties and is generally more powerful than the widely used bi-power variation test. An important feature of our test is that it can be applied–in analytically modified form–to noisy high frequency data and still retain power. As a by-product of our analysis, we obtain novel analytical results regarding the impact of noise on bi-power variation. An empirical illustration using IBM trade data is also included.     

基于小波分析与数学形态学融合的降噪算法研究

本文建立了实际工程应用中信号的仿真模型和干扰模型,运用小波变换和数学形态学相融合的方法进行降噪,并将该方法与小波阈值方法、小波模极大值法、数学形态学方法的仿真结果进行对比分析,仿真分析结果发现小波-形态融合方法能够有效的消除噪声且能较好地保留原信号的形态特征。