也谈人力资源会计的确认与计量

人的智慧和力量是无穷的，科技越发展，人在社会发展中的作用就越大。当今科学技术的突飞猛进，使人的作用越来越受重视，各种关于人力资源管理的理论蓬勃发展，人力资源开发和管理的研究也有了长足进展。但是，在企业经营管理中起重要作用的会计却没有跟上时代的潮流，会计信息的提供和揭示还局限于物资资源的确认与计量，远远不能满足会计信息使用者对企业人力资源信息的要求。     

试论人力资源会计的确认与计量

随着知识经济时代的来临,人在企业生产经营中的作用越来越受到重视,有关人力资源的开发和管理也有了长足的进展。会计信息使用者迫切需要企业提供与他们决策有密切关系的企业人力资源信息。于是,人力资源会计的研究应运而生。此文基于人力资源会计的基本理论,从资产定义入手把人力资产归于资产类项目予以确认、计量,并强调了我国建立人力资源会计的必要性。     

对人力资源会计的认识

人的智慧和力量是无穷的，科技越发展，人在社会发展中的作用就越大。当今科学技术的突飞猛进，使人的作用越来越受重视，各种关于人力资源管理的理论和学科也蓬勃发展，管理学中产生了人本管理理论，人力资源的开发和管理的研究也有了长足进展。但是，在企业经营管理中起重要作用的会计却没有赶上时代的潮流，会计信息的提供和揭示仅仅局限于物资资源信息，而会计信息使用者还迫切需要企业提供与他们决策有着密切关系的企业人力资源信息。于是，人力资源会计的出现成为历史必然。一、人力资源会计的内涵人力资源是否是一项资产，是人力资源…     

论人力资源会计

在知识经济时代,生产核心要素不是土地,也不是资本,而是知识。如果不对作为知识载体的人力资源进行确认、计量与报告,那么会计信息系统提供的信息将是不全面的、不充分的。因此,关于人力资源会计的研究是当前紧迫的课题。所谓人力资源会计,是会计学科中一个正在发展中的新分支,它主要研究人力资源的成本和价值的计量与报告问题,为人力资源管理提供信息。一、人力资源会计的确认现代企业训练有素的劳动者集会即人力资源,它是企业资源的重要组成部分,是一种特殊的经济资源,其本质是人的能力,而不指人本身。是否把人力资源看作一项…     

人力资源会计构成研究

一、人力资源会计的构成（一）人力资源会计的建立１．建立人力资源会计目标人力资源会计的目标是将人力资源化的信息提供给企业和外界有关人士使用，财务会计的直接目的是向企业管理当局和企业有利害关系的集团或个人提供决策所需的会计信息及与之相关的其他信息。这要求企业必须提供全面并符合信息质量要求的会计信息。人力资源是企业内部最有价值的资源之一，其信息的提供有利于投资者和债权人更加全面了解企业经营业绩及发展趋势，有助于进行投资或信贷决策，也为国家宏观决策提供依据。２．建立人力资源的会计假设（１）会计主体。人力…     

试论我国人力资源会计的确认和计量

人力资源会计是将人力资源管理和会计管理相结合的产物。它采用会计的方法，全面系统地反映、计量企业所拥有的人力资源，从而促进企业人力资源管理水平的提高，实现定性管理向定量管理的转变。人们迫切需要人力资源会计提供与他们决策有着密切关系的企业人力资源信息。因此，如何确认和计量人力资源非常重要，笔者就此谈一些个人观点。     

我国推行人力资源会计的研究

人力资源会计主要研究组织和管理人力资源的成本与价值的计量及报告问题，目的是向企业和外界信息使用者提供会计信息的同时，调动职工的工作积极性，促进智力资源的能动利用。自1964年，美国密西根大学的郝曼森首次提出人力资源会计概念，通过一大批会计学者坚持不懈的研究，今天人力资源会计已逐步建立起一套较完善的理论体系，特别是知识经济时代的到来，更为人力资源会计的推广创造了历史性的契机。     

人力资源会计信息质量及其披露

人力资源会计于20世纪80年代初引入我国，但在人力资源会计的研究和应用等方面还存在许多亟待解决的问题。由于人力资源会计信息存在着很大的不确定性和主观可操作性；由于人力资源价值的计量无标准可依，同时也难以验证，企业可根据自身利益的需要高估或低估人力资源的价值，企业还可以通过人力资源会计折旧方法的任意选择来达到自己的目的。企业可能会选择有利于自己的信息在报表上反映，而将不利于自己的信息避而不谈。这样可能会对人力资源会计信息的使用者起到不利的影响。人力资源会计由于不确定性因素的存在．更应当引起人们对人力资源会计信息质量的重视。     

论人力资源会计

人力资源会计是鉴别和计量人力资源数据的一种会计程序和方法,其目标是将企业人力资源变化的信息,提供给企业和外界有关人士使用。人力资源会计可以向会计报表使用者提供非常有用的会计信息,以促使企业各个部门更有效的使用人力资源,制定正确的经营管理决策。它是会计学科发展的一个新领域,是人力资源管理学与会计学相互渗透而形成的新型会计理论,自从1964年,美国密西根大学的郝曼森首次提出人力资源会计这个概念之后,通过一大批会计学     

浅析人力资源会计在企业管理中的应用

人力资源会计是对人力资源进行计量和核算的一种会计程序和方法，其目标是将企业的人力资源变化的信息提供给企业管理部门和企业外部信息使用者。长期以来，由于人力资源会计在我国没有得到应有的重视和发展，使其在企业管理中的应用不尽人意。人力资源会计在目前究竟能为企业管理者提供什么帮助呢?笔者试就此问题谈点浅见。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Early History of the Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier Series

The early history of the Gram-Charlier series is discussed from three points of view: (1) a generalization of Laplace's central limit theorem, (2) a least squares approximation to a continuous function by means of Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials, (3) a generalization of Gauss's normal distribution to a system of skew distributions. Thiele defined the cumulants in terms of the moments, first by a recursion formula and later by an expansion of the logarithm of the moment generating function. He devised a differential operator which adjusts any cumulant to a desired value. His little known 1899 paper in Danish on the properties of the cumulants is translated into English in the Appendix.