Alternatives to the U.S. Antitrust Agency approach to market definition

Shortcomings of the U.S. Antitrust Agency Guidelines method of market definition include failure to focus on competition, the need for cost data, and discontinuities. Two alternative approaches are presented which avoid these problems and the Guidelines' inclusion of substitutes on an all-or-nothing basis. One alternative focuses on the size of a change in capacity of a substitute that would be needed to have the same effects as a unit change in capacity of an initial item. The second proposed alternative offers a simple operational method of giving practical content to the “reasonable interchangeability” concept which is a prominent feature of U.S. Supreme Court decisions. The alternative approaches are evaluated in comparison to that of the Guidelines and some modified versions of the latter.     

美国《消费品安全修正案》（儿童玩具部分）解读

2008年7月,美国国会、联邦参议院分别以高票通过了《消费品安全修正案2008H．R．4040》,8月14日美国布什总统正式签署颁布了该修正案。修正案内容涉及广泛,既包含对儿童玩具及儿童产品监管政策的调整,也包括了美国监管部门消费品安全委员会（简称CPSC）本身改革的内容,是近几十年来修订幅度最大的一次,新修正案将根本改变美国玩具安全监管的基本格局,已引起玩具行业的广泛关注。     

How to guide your PH.D. students

This editorial discusses the issues and challenges of Ph.D. student supervision. Several academic colleagues with much experience in Ph.D. supervision were asked to contribute their thoughts on this important task. We present the tasks of supervision, including how these may be adapted depending on student characteristics such as extent of managerial experience. Then we explore the challenges faced by Ph.D. students, and discuss how these can be addressed. Following that, we examine the role of the supervisor in helping build student capabilities in publishing and teaching. Furthermore, we address the benefits of taking on supervisory responsibility. In the conclusion, the co-authors of this editorial provide retrospectives on their own experiences as Ph.D. supervisors.     

美国社区学院带给中国的启示

文章通过分析美国社区学院的特点,提出对我国高等职业技术教育的五条启示,一是立法促进高等职业技术教育的发展;二是成立我国高等职业教育系统,把高职院校的建设纳入城乡建设规划;三是建立良性的高职教育投融资机制,搞好高职基地建设;四是通过税收政策,促进校企合作;五是坚持以就业为导向,走学历教育与职业培训并重、产学结合的新路子。     

The reduction of textile growth spreading from Jan. to May.

Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission released,from January to May, the operation of the textile industry that: is year,the domestic and international marketdem and weakened under the influence     

我国向欧美扩大出口纺织品的应对之策

欧美是世界上最大的纺织品及服装进口国和地区，同时也是我国的纺织品出口的主要市场。长期以来，我国纺织服装出口受其配额的限制，通过长期艰苦的谈判，我国已正式成为世界贸易组织成员。作为目前世界上最大的纺织品服装出口国，一旦取消配额，会不会像人们预期的那样我国纺织品服装在欧美市场的份额大幅提升，甚至翻番？笔者认为，中国的纺织品出口将面临新的发展机遇与挑战，挑战大于机遇。鉴于机遇已有大量文章论述，本文将就我国纺织品出口将遇到的挑战作一专门的论述，以期抛砖引玉。 1.《纺织品服装协议》(以下简称ATC)执行不…     

浅议输美产品的包装色彩

近几年来，我国输美产品日渐增多。在这些输美产品中，凡外包装的色彩符合美国人需求的，进入美国市场后便容易销售；而一些外包装色彩不符合或不完全符合美国人需求的，则往往销路不畅。事实已充分说明，输美产品是否受欢迎，在很大程度上，取决于外包装的色彩。因此，研究美国人对包装色彩的需求，不断改进输美产品的包装色彩，是至关重要的。美国人对包装色彩有哪些特殊的心理追求与爱好呢主要有以下几点：一是庄重商品的包装色彩，宜采用红、蓝、白三种颜色。红、蓝、白三色是组成美国国旗的颜色。因此，美国人对其特别有感情。二是季节…     

Domestic Investment in China''s Textile Industry Soar from Jan.to Nov.

Investment surged up continuously From Jan. to Nov. 2009, total statistics-worthy fixed-assets investment (over CNY 5 million) in the textile industry was up 9.53% to