哈萨克斯坦信息技术标准及产业发展现状

近几年,哈萨克斯坦紧跟国际发展潮流,开展信息技术标准研究和制定,为信息产品的开发、设计制造、质量检验等提供了重要技术依据,也为电子商务的发展奠定了较好的基础.哈萨克斯坦信息技术标准以国际标准为主,而本国制定的标准很少,基本不存在技术标准壁垒.信息技术产品市场迅速扩大,网络和系统集成市场正在快速成长,软件市场处在孕育阶段,市场潜力很大.但本民族信息处理技术和软件产品的开发和应用,成为制约该国信息化的一个重要因素.     

The competitiveness of the UK aerospace industry

Porter's five competitive forces model provides an analytical framework for assessing the UK aerospace industry's competitiveness in this article. Various statistical indicators are used to measure competitiveness, based on published data at the industry and firm level, supplemented with information from company interviews. The indicators include productivity, output, firm size, development time-scales, labour hoarding, exports and profitability. The empirical results of this article suggest that, over the period 1980 to 2000, the UK aerospace industry improved its competitiveness compared with the USA and the EU.     

The determinants of internationalization: Evidence from the Taiwan high technology industry

This paper employs the logit model to explore the relationship between internationalization and its determinants. Using a sample set gathered from 114 high technology firms of Taiwan, which are mostly engaged in original equipment manufacturing, empirical tests of the hypotheses find support that corporate governance, patent counts, and education level of managers had a positive effect on internationalization. Surprisingly, R&D intensity, one of the innovation capitals, had a negative effect on internationalization.     

New technology and restructuring in the UK energy industry: the case of renewable energy

Among the justijcations for the UK government's electricity privatization programme was the suggestion that it would stimulate the development of a range of new supply options, including the UK's extensive renewable energy resource. This paper assesses the prospects for renewable energy technologies i n the UK after privatization. It finds that there is enthusiasm for renewables, but that the market alone will not stimulate renewables effectively or develop them appropriately, and that state support and regulation will be necessary.     

Determining the going market value of a business in an emerging information technology industry: The case of the cellular communications industry

Given the phenomenal growth or the anticipation of growth in certain information technology industries, concerns for economy of scale, market access and expansion, and the need for ongoing research and development are resulting in mergers, acquisitions, and strategic alliances. A key question in such industries is what is, or should be the going market value of a business? This paper suggests an approach to imbed market penetration models in the popular value-based planning approach suggested by Rappaport [36] to obtain the going market value of a business. The model developed in implementing the approach is tailored for the cellular communications industry. Limitations and adaptations of the approach to other industries are discussed.     

金融业高管人员需要具备的基本素质

在市场经济条件下,国有专业银行向商业银行机制转化,其中最关键的环节是逐步培养和造就一支高素质、高水平、懂经营、会管理的金融家队伍。这支队伍的成员不是一般意义上的银行管理者,他们必须是按照世界商业银行操作的要求和意识,在众多的金融机构竞争中脱颖而出的佼佼者,是更高层次的企业经营者。这就要求每一个优秀的商业银行经营管理者都必须具备良好、稳定的基本素质。     

Collaboration and firm size: some evidence from the UK defence industry

This paper presents evidence on the relationship between collaboration and firm size derived from an empirical study of the UK defence industry. The results indicate that size has a positive impact on collaboration and, in particular, with the propensity to collaborate with overseas firms. However, size has no impact on the propensity to collaborate with UK partners. This lends support to theories which emphasize the resource constraints facing small firms in developing international collaboration. There is a need for a policy debate concerning mechanisms to promote collaboration to assist small firms to realise the benefits of international collaboration.     

混业经营：中国金融业的大趋势

由于我国金融监管技术及金融业自律行为的欠缺,长期以来,我国实行的是金融业分业 经营模式,银行不能经营证券业务和保险业务。但是世界各国的金融业发展告诉我们,混业 经营将是未来金融业发展的必然趋势。随着我国经济的发展,市场经济体制的完善,我国金 融业也必将向混业经营发展。 　　一、 WTO推动了金融业混业经营 　　中国即将加入 WTO,中国金融业将融入世界经济和金融发展的轨道,因此必须按照 WTO 制定的游戏规则进行运作。这中间,金融机构一定要按照国际成熟市场的经验,打破分业经 营的限制,逐步实现混业经营,在金融…     

The domestic politics of financial regulation: Informal ratification games and the EU capital requirement negotiations

This paper contributes to our understanding of post-crisis financial regulation by reasserting the centrality of domestic politics in defining government preferences and explaining regulatory outcomes. It draws on Robert Putnam's two-level game approach and Foreign Policy Analysis to develop a model of a three-level informal ratification game. This adds value to existing approaches by capturing the contested nature of government preferences and delineating the causal mechanisms through which domestic groups shape international negotiations. The model is used to explain the UK's pivotal role in the reform of bank capital requirements in the European Union (EU). It demonstrates that governments are able to take advantage of a narrowing domestic ‘win-set’ by marginalising the influence of industry and building political momentum for regulatory reform. In particular, the paper shows how UK negotiators were able to exploit the increased domestic costs of agreement and synergistic strategies between negotiations to successfully oppose the maximum harmonisation of capital rules across the EU.     

Perceived trustworthiness and inter-firm governance: empirical evidence from the UK printing industry

The paper describes six representative theoretical positionsregarding the impact of trustworthiness on the organisationof inter-firm relations. The positions are then assessed onthe basis of a survey of 184 buyer–supplier relationshipsin the UK printing industry. The widely accepted transactioncost argument for trust as a parameter reducing hierarchy isdismissed. Instead, the so-called triadic forces argument basedon Bradach, J. L. and Eccles, R. G. (1989. Price, authorityand trust: from ideal types to plural forms, Annual Review ofSociology, vol. 15, 96–118) receives the strongest support.Market, hierarchy and trust represent alternative mechanismsthat can be combined in a variety of ways. This pluralisticmodel is enriched further by the acknowledgement of variableroles for contracts and a sceptic stance regarding rationalityin practice.     

Growth and risk at the industry level: The real effects of financial liberalization

This paper analyzes the effects of financial liberalization on growth and volatility at the industry level in a large sample of countries. We estimate the impact of liberalization on production, employment, firm entry, capital accumulation, and productivity. In order to overcome omitted variables concerns, we employ a number of alternative difference-in-differences estimation strategies. We implement a propensity score matching algorithm to find a control group for each liberalizing country. In addition, we exploit variation in industry characteristics to obtain an alternative set of difference-in-differences estimates. Financial liberalization is found to have a positive effect on both growth and volatility of production across industries. The positive growth effect comes from increased entry of firms, higher capital accumulation, and an expansion in total employment. By contrast, we do not detect any effect of financial liberalization on measured productivity. Finally, the growth effects of liberalization appear temporary rather than permanent.     

Energy efficiency and heating technology investments: Manipulating financial information in a discrete choice experiment

We elicit homeowners’ willingness to pay (WTP) for energy efficiency and low-carbon technologies in the context of heating appliance replacement. We employ a within-between subject design that involves manipulating information in a two-stage discrete choice experiment (DCE) and use WTP space estimation to identify the role of financial information in reducing fossil fuel use. We find that homeowners’ average valuation of energy efficiency exceeds associated heating cost savings, suggesting that they also consider non-monetary benefits when evaluating this type of investment, whereas information about private and pro-social benefits of investments only has a limited impact on WTP. Evidence also suggests that homeowners have a strong preference for the existing technology. Consequently, fossil fuel users’ WTP for switching to low-carbon technologies does not cover respective investment cost differentials, and we derive evidence on how combined subsidies and information can induce these users to opt out of fossil technologies.     

中国金融业发展的市场化问题

货币政策是调节社会总供给和总需求平衡的总量政策,是市场经济条件下国家实施宏观调控最重要的经济政策之一。我国货币政策的目标是“保持货币币值稳定,并以此促进经济增长。”这一规定,借鉴了世界范围货币政策的经验,同时也是我国货币政策经验的历史总结。货币政策目标能否有效实现,取决于货币政策能否有效传导,而货币政策能否有效传导,又依赖于货币政策工具的有效运用。在货币政策工具中,利率、准备金率和公开市场操作是最重要的三大政策工具。现在的问题是,我们必须按照市场化取向的要求,进一步灵活运用和提升这些货币政策工具的配置效能。     

The International Labour Organization and the ambivalent politics of financial inclusion in West Africa

This article examines the role of the International Labour Organization (ILO) in promoting ‘financial inclusion’ in West Africa. The role of the ILO in microfinance and financial inclusion has often been overlooked, in contrast to the role played by the World Bank, G20 and like institutions. The ILO is significant here because it suggests a number of ambiguities and important political dynamics that have gone overlooked in previous critical discussions of microcredit, which have often focused on the politics of commercialisation, indebtedness and accumulation by dispossession. This article draws instead on Gramsci’s concepts of subalternity and organic crisis to suggest that the politics of ‘financial inclusion’ in practice are often shaped as much by the political dynamics engendered by the erosion of postcolonial order as by the imperatives of accumulation. The argument is illustrated empirically by examining ILO activities on microinsurance and ‘inclusive finance for workers’ in West Africa, with an emphasis on Senegal.     

英国的创意产业技术战略

英国技术战略委员会(TSB)于2009年发布的《创意产业技术战略(2009-2012)》报告,在深入分析创意产业特点及发展环境变化、影响创意产业发展的技术方向及其创意产业发展新趋势的基础上,提出了支持创意产业技术创新的系列举措.本文在该报告的基础上,结合英国对创意产业特征的新认识,对英国创意产业发展战略进行了解析,并提出了对我国发展创意产业的几点建议,如应密切关注产业发展新特点和发展机遇、 高度重视创意产业技术创新、关注重要技术方向以及为创新营造良好环境等.     

The politics of technology management: influence and tactics in project selection

It is observed that technical information presented in aformalized way is used as ‘rational’ evidence to suport one particular point of view during the process of project selection. This ‘political’ action increases the chances of a favoures course of action being carried through provided that its output lends support to the actor's prior viewpoint. It is argued that the framework provided that its output lends support to the actor's prior viewpoint. It is argued that the framework provided by the rational actor model gives a biased and unrealistic view of the selection process because this political dimension is ignored. In the evidence presented here, and attempt is made to identify the discriminating factors associated with the supportive use of technical information at the level of the individual, the organization and the project. The data indicate that technical information is most likely to be used in a political manner by mature managers working in relatively small, low-tech companies. It is concluded that the supportive role played by technical information is political and symbolic in nature.     

The politics of technology management: influence and tactics in project selection

It is observed that technical information presented in aformalized way is used as 'rational' evidence to suport one particular point of view during the process of project selection. This 'political' action increases the chances of a favoures course of action being carried through provided that its output lends support to the actor's prior viewpoint. It is argued that the framework provided that its output lends support to the actor's prior viewpoint. It is argued that the framework provided by the rational actor model gives a biased and unrealistic view of the selection process because this political dimension is ignored. In the evidence presented here, and attempt is made to identify the discriminating factors associated with the supportive use of technical information at the level of the individual, the organization and the project. The data indicate that technical information is most likely to be used in a political manner by mature managers working in relatively small, low-tech companies. It is concluded that the supportive role played by technical information is political and symbolic in nature.     

The organizational evolution of innovative activity in the US semiconductor industry: Technological specialization and diversification

This article analyzes the organizational evolution of innovative activity in the contemporary high-tech industry. It has been argued that by showing illuminating examples and proposing theoretical explanations, the innovation process has been fragmented and distributed among several organizations. In other words, ‘division of innovative labor’ emerges. However, one of the problems of this argument lies in its lack of systematic empirical analysis. Using the United States Patent and Trademark Office patent database, this article analyzes the organization of innovative activity in the US semiconductor industry. It is shown that ‘technological specialization’ has not occurred in this industry as a whole. In addition, it is also shown that there are two distinct modes of development of technology, namely, ‘specialized development of technology’ and ‘diversified development of technology’, in which the share of the latter has been steadily increasing. These results imply that contrary to the earlier conventional arguments, division of labor is not a common phenomenon in the production of technological knowledge.     

The effects of human resources management practices on the organizational performances of Canadian financial co-operatives

Reading through academic literature with a critical eye shows that the relation between human resources management (HRM) and the performance of the firm is a relatively unknown phenomenon. This relation is sometimes described as a "black box". Far from claiming to have closed the debate, this article sets forth an original approach that represents an undisputable input which allows a better understanding of this phenomenon.
Even if there are many theories that try to explain this relation, only the universalistic approach of human resources will be of interest. While using both a qualitative and a quantitative approach, our research shows that some HRM practices do seem to give a competitive advantage to Canadian financial co-operative enterprises.     

Cultivating the strategic use of information technology: lessons from hong kong

An executice decelopment programme which facilitates the strategic management of information resources is described. this programme uses a contriubution of mini-lectures and experiential learning in a workshop, format to help senior managers play an information technolofy (IT) leadership role in their entepires. It is noted that the growing importance of information and its associated technology has increased the need for a proactice management approach in current and near-future business environments. The growing possibilities which are resulting from rapid progress in IT must be linked with businerr needs and competitive imperatices to achieve a strategic impact with IT, as illustrated by; classic example of strategir-level information systems. The leadership development programme considen a framework for developing a strategic vision of IT in a particular enterprise and then facilitates the planning strategie infirmation .system to support that vision, using a entical success factors approach.