基于人工神经网络的敏捷制造业盟员的选择与评价

根据敏捷制造业的特点,提出盟员评价的指标体系,并对指标进行量化。根据所涉及的指标体系的特点,采用人工神经网络方法来评价盟员,并用MATLAB实现。     

基于Shapley-Shubik势指标的物流企业联盟利益分配

通过对物流企业联盟的构造模式分析,提出了各成员企业利益分配的基本原则,通过运用Shapley值法,建立了物流企业联盟评价成员的权力指标确定模型,运用该模型定量计算盟员企业基于Shapley-Shubik势指标和联盟总收益影响要素的利益分配比重。该方法体现了盟员企业间利益分配的公平合理性,实现了联盟利益分配的柔性化。文中算例表明该模型有较好操作性。     

虚拟物流企业盟员初选指标体系及模糊层次综合评价

本文根据虚拟物流企业盟员选择的特点，建立了一套具有较强操作性的盟员初选指标体系．并引入模糊层次综合评价方法．为虚拟物流企业的盟员初选提供了新的思路。     

大型煤炭企业战略联盟的盟员选择——基于主成分分析法的实证研究

分析了盟员选择的原则,并根据大型煤炭企业战略联盟的特点以及我国煤炭、电力、冶金等行业、企业的现状,并归纳专家访谈意见,提出盟员选择的指标及指标体系。最后,基于主成分分析法,对国内某大型煤炭企业进行实证分析,用实例说明了该指标体系和选择方法的可行性和实用性,具有一定的理论和实践意义。     

基于供应链契约的生鲜农产品深加工企业决策探析北大核心

首先,通过建立数理模型对比分析了生鲜农产品深加工和初加工后的生鲜降价出售两种运作方式对供应链整体利润及相关盟员利润的影响,发现在当前供大于求的生鲜农产品市场条件下,扩大生鲜农产品深加工规模能够有效提升供应链整体及各盟员的收益水平。其次,通过建立生鲜农产品深加工企业决策模型,引入政府损失补贴机制,探究了政府损失回购力度与最优加工数量之间的关系,并给出了政府损失回购单价的合理区间。     

基于F-AHP的供电企业运营绩效综合评价

本文将层次分析法(AHP)与模糊综合评价(Fuzzy)相结合,探讨对电力企业相对运营绩效进行评价。在建立评价指标体系的基础上,用AHP确定指标权重可以避免复杂的决策问题出现逻辑失误,模糊数学可以有效处理模棱两可的信息。两者有效结合,可以取长补短,使决策更具科学性。最后,通过一个算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

用TOPSIS方法构建合理化期刊评价综合指标

目前的科技期刊评价指标缺少一个统一的标准,这是由科技期刊专业属性的互异性决定的。由于专业属性的不同,所以对期刊的评价也是从不同的角度、不同的方面来进行的,如果把这些不同角度、不同方面的评价指标综合起来对一个期刊进行评价,各指标之间往往又会相互矛盾。灰色关联、主成分分析、TOPSIS等方法是目前在期刊综合评价方法上的一种有价值的探索。在对期刊进行综合评价上,本文通过引入熵权法对TOPSIS法进行了改进,各指标的权重可以用熵权法来确定,权重确定后就可以通过常用的TOPSIS法来对期刊的综合指标进行评定。     

基于平衡计分卡视角的企业相对绩效评价研究

在吸收已有企业评价理论和方法基础上提出的基于平衡计分卡(BSC)视角的企业经营相对绩效评价方法,可以给出评价标杆的动态性确定原则,从而有效地把经营环境的动态性与企业相对绩效评价结合起来.企业相对绩效评价模型可以通过一种基于信息熵的权数确定方法加以验证.     

高校课堂教学质量灰色聚类评价模型研究

结合高校课堂教学的特点,采用灰色聚类分析法,提出了高校课堂教学质量评价指标体系,建立了高校课堂教学质量灰色聚类评价模型。通过实例计算,说明该模型可以对具体的课堂教学质量进行定量综合评价,从而确定具体课堂教学质量等级,以便不断提高高校课堂教学质量。     

层次分析法在商业银行内部控制评价中的应用

对商业银行内部控制进行综合评价,必须确定评价指标的权数,权数对评价指标起着权衡轻重的作用。因此,科学地确定评价指标的权数,是提高商业银行内部控制评价质量的前提。本文试将层次分析法的原理和方法运用于商业银行内部控制评价中,对评价指标进行定量分析,为商业银行内部控制评价中确定权数提供依据和奠定基础。     

To be entrepreneurial,or not to be entrepreneurial? Explaining differences in franchisee entrepreneurial behavior within a franchise system

Although franchising scholars largely acknowledge that franchisees may behave like entrepreneurs, little is known about whether and why franchisees differ in their entrepreneurial behaviors. Franchisees are semi-autonomous entrepreneurs running geographically dispersed units within established organizations. We therefore use corporate entrepreneurship (CE) literature to define and measure franchisee entrepreneurial behavior, and we build on an entrepreneurial motivation framework to develop an integrative set of hypotheses that explain differences in franchisee entrepreneurial behavior. We test these hypotheses using survey data on 119 franchisees within a single Dutch franchise system. Our results show that the extent of franchisee entrepreneurial behavior varies considerably, even within a single franchise system. The differences in franchisees’ entrepreneurial behaviors can be explained by differences in franchisees’ intrinsic goals, relational satisfaction and local competition.     

Performance implications of centrality in franchisee advice networks

Although the literature has provided ample evidence for the decisiveness of the franchisor–franchisee relationship in explaining organizational success or failure, performance effects of franchisee–franchisee relationships remain largely unexplored. Yet a growing body of research indicates that by building interfranchisee relationships, franchisees can form advice networks in the chain. Such networks offer privileged access to resources such as knowledge, information, and best practices that help individual franchisees to become more productive. In this context, we study linkages between a franchisee's centrality in franchisee relationships and various individual performance outcomes, using comprehensive data from franchisees in 3 different chains in the largest European franchise market, France. We find that conditional on the specific governance structure of each chain, the results document a strong impact of centrality in advice networks on franchisee performance. Accordingly, we offer theoretical contributions concerning knowledge‐sharing processes in franchise chains, and managerial implications as regards more effective cooperation management in practice, from the perspective of both a franchisee and a franchisor.     

Best fit,best practice,or stuck in the middle? The impact of unit ownership on unit HR performance in franchise systems

Franchising is an important form of entrepreneurial wealth creation in many retailing and service industries. Since Human Resource Management (HRM) is a critical factor in such industries, it is important to understand how franchisees—as semi-autonomous entrepreneurs—deal with HRM in their units and how this ultimately affects performance at the unit level. However, the very few studies linking franchisee HRM behaviors to performance have not included multi-unit franchising (MUF) as a type of unit ownership. Given the ever-increasing popularity of MUF and the unique characteristics of MUFs, this represents an important knowledge gap. We aim to fill this gap by building a theoretical framework on how the type of unit ownership affects unit HR performance within franchise systems. Building on agency, resource and entrepreneurship perspectives, we propose that units owned by single-unit franchisees (SUFs) and small MUFs (i.e., franchisees with a very small number of units) adopt a ‘best fit’ system regarding HRM, whereas company-owned units (COs) and units owned by larger MUFs (i.e., franchisees with a large number of units) typically adopt a ‘best practice’ system. Each system has its own advantages and disadvantages, which results in two contrasting propositions regarding their effects on unit performance. Moreover, we expect the units owned by medium-size MUFs to have the lowest performance since they are ‘stuck in the middle’ regarding their HRM system.     

Franchisee leadership traits vs. manager leadership traits an exploratory study comparing hope, leadership, commitment and service quality delivery

In order to add to the understanding of the role of franchising in entrepreneurship and to help franchise systems improve efficiency, the constructs of organizational leadership, hope, organizational commitment, and service quality perceptions of franchised managers and franchisees are differentiated in the current study. For scholars and practitioners, the dynamic relationship between entrepreneurship, franchisees, and management is an important triangle which merits further investigation. While the results offered only that managers and franchisees differed statistically in service empathy, differences were noted across all areas which approached significance but was limited due to the small sample size. Implications for future research are discussed.     

Franchise network restructuring: Pressures,constraints and mechanisms

Franchised businesses operate on the basis of granting individual franchisees trading rights to serve territories or market areas on either an exclusive or a non-exclusive basis. The design of these territories is generally undertaken during the roll-out phase of the franchise. However, these territories and market areas may become sub-optimal over time, necessitating restructuring. However, if the franchisor has granted exclusive rights to a territory then this is likely to involve a breach in the franchise contract. In cases where existing franchisees do not have exclusive territories they may nevertheless make a legal challenge to the creation of additional franchises on the grounds of encroachment. This paper – which is based on a study of 40 franchisors in the UK – examines how franchisors go about network restructuring in constrained and non-constrained situations. Franchisors typically did not act on their legal rights, echoing findings of earlier franchising studies which reveal a divergence between contractual rights and operational behaviour. This focus on network restructuring also provides new perspectives on the reasons for ownership reversion and the growth of multi-unit franchisees.     

Effects of brand-related and market signals on franchisees’ entrepreneurial decisions: a multi-country panel data analysis

This paper analyses the influence of market and brand-related signals on franchisees’ decisions when choosing a franchise brand with which to open an outlet for the first time. Panel data methodology was used to analyse a sample of 1277 chains operating in Spain, Mexico and Peru between 2004 and 2013. The results show that market signals prevail over brand-related signals. Within brand-related signals, franchisees first seek information relating to the brand’s sector and then seek information relating to the brand’s value. Franchisors should match the content of the signals they send to the market to the true characteristics of the franchise. Franchisors should also endeavour to ensure the country where they operate has general and franchise-specific legislation that fosters business activity by both franchisor and franchisee. The use of institutional quality as a signal in a multi-country study represents a significant contribution to the literature on franchising.

     

Overestimation and Venture Survival: An Empirical Analysis of Development Commitments in International Master Franchising Ventures

Many international master franchising contracts include "development commitments," clauses specifying a number of units that master franchisees must develop in exchange for exclusive rights to an assigned market, typically their entire home nation. I analyze 142 contracts with development commitments signed by US fast food franchisors and their master franchisees. Several empirical regularities emerge from the analysis: First, the development commitments are large and rarely completely fulfilled. Second, a robust negative relationship exists between survival and development commitment size. Further, ventures with larger commitments exhibit a lower level of investment still productive at the end of the development period. Various explanations for these regularities are considered.     

International Franchising Practices in Mexico: Do Franchisors Customize Their Contracts?

The contracting practices of franchisors outside their domestic market have received little attention in the empirical literature on franchising to date, largely because of lack of data. We exploit a novel data set that allows us to describe the contracts offered by a number of US and Canadian franchisors operating in Mexico and also compare them to contracts employed at home. Our analyses reveal a series of stylized facts that we hope will prove useful in guiding future empirical and theoretical research on contracting and especially on cross-border contracting practices. These are as follows: (1) The overwhelming majority of franchisors seeking franchisees in Mexico offer exactly the same contract to potential Mexican franchisees as that employed in the home market; (2) Among those franchisors that already have established outlets in Mexico, nearly half use the exact same fees in Mexico and at home; (3) The majority of those franchisors that make changes only alter the fixed fee component of the contract; (4) There is no evidence that franchisors use franchising more or less in Mexico compared to home as an alternative to royalty rate customization—in fact, the extent of franchising (versus company-owned units) of these firms in Mexico is not different systematically from that observed in their domestic market or worldwide; and (5) There is no evidence of increased customization over time—if anything, the evidence suggests increased similarities in contracting practices over time.     

7-ELEVEN的特色物流对我国特许经营企业物流的启示

我国特许经营企业经过近20多年的发展,已经初具规模,但是便利店（特许经营方式）行业的经营现状却不容乐观,个别加盟店甚至面临经营困境。在此经济环境下,7-ELEVEN一枝独秀,堪称业内奇迹。从确立科学的供应链物流区域战略,到构建独特的物流配送体系,7-ELEVEN特色物流对相关行业有一定的借鉴意义。     

Recall of autobiographical memory: A longitudinal analysis of franchisee experts

In this longitudinal study, we investigate whether franchisees in their role as experts exhibit consistent recall of their perceptions of franchise value after a 3-year interval when a strong autobiographical instance association (i.e., the multiunit decision) is created. Paired-sample t tests and correlation analysis are used to examine recall accuracy. While the analysis reveals stability of recall for typical franchisee experts over both the recent and the distant past, the individual level data indicate that the precision of recall deteriorates over time. Implications for future research involving retrospective data are offered.