湖南工程机械企业的R&D合作

随着经济全球化的加深和国际经济竞争环境的日益激烈,企业间的研发合作已成为一种潮流.面对国际大型跨国工程机械企业在华投资的加大,湖南工程机械企业必须树立协作竞争的新观念,加强研发合作以应对挑战.本文分析了湖南工程机械企业加强研发合作的必要性,其优势所在,最后给出了几点政策建议和措施.     

黑龙江省R&D投入强度灰预测

本文以1999年～2005年黑龙江省R&D投入强度作为原始数据,采用灰预测理论建立数列灰预测GM(1,1)模型,对黑龙江省2006年和2007年的R&D投入强度进行预测并得出了预测结果,黑龙江省2006年的R&D投入强度为0.9963,2007年为1.1121,经检验模型预测精度高达95.38%,拟合度很好。     

Tax incentives… or subsidies for business R&D?

We study whether firms’ actual use of R&D subsidies and tax incentives is correlated with financing constraints -internal and external- and appropriability difficulties and investigate whether both tools are substitutes. We compare the use of both policies by SMEs and by large firms and find significant differences both across instruments and across firm size. For SMEs, financing constraints are negatively correlated with the use of tax of credits, while they are positively associated with the likelihood of receiving a subsidy. The use of legal methods to protect intellectual property is positively correlated with the probability of using tax incentives, but not with the use of subsidies. For large firms external financing constraints are correlated with instrument use, but results regarding appropriability are ambiguous. Our findings suggest that (1) direct funding and tax credits are not perfect substitutes in terms of their ability to reach firms experiencing barriers associated to market failures; (2) one size may not fit all in innovation policy when the type or intensity of market failure differs across firm size, and (3) subsidies may be better suited than tax credits to encourage firms, especially young knowledge-based firms, to start doing R&D.     

R&D: Who does the R,who does the D?

This paper examines the determinants of the allocation of national R&D resources between research and development activities. We derive conditions under which a firm being outdistanced by a foreign rival in a two-stage international patent race would drop out, and relate those conditions to home-market size and to the race's cost and risk characteristics. Because of this “discouragement effect”, firms located in smaller markets appear as if they were, on average, less successful in transforming research expertise into commercial product development. We also show that in a two-sector model (R and D), the proportion of R&D resources going into product development as opposed to research increases with country size. Moreover, starting from a symmetric game and increasing the size of one country induces the opposite effect on other countries (a shift of R&D resources from development to research) through strategic interaction among research teams.     

Why don't all young firms invest in R&D?

This article aims to analyze the different impacts that some factors may exert on the probability that a small young firm invests intensively in R&D. Recently, an increasing amount of the literature makes reference to the vital role played by a small number of young firms in generating jobs and increasing efficiency levels. However, not all new firms invest in R&D. Departing from the definition of Young Innovative Companies (YICs, firms younger than 6 years old, fewer than 250 employees and with more than 15 % of their revenues invested in R&D activities), and with an extensive sample of the Spanish Community Innovation Survey between 2004 and 2010, we try to determine: (1) those factors that cause firms to become YICs (innovative young small firms) or Young Non-Innovative Companies (YNICs, moderately innovative young small firms), and (2) what is the difference in the impact of those factors between YICs and YNICs. Our results show that factors such as initial innovation capacity and cooperation in R&D projects enhance the probability of becoming a YIC. Nevertheless, factors such as export potential and market uncertainty may influence the decision to invest moderately and become a YNIC.     

Does easy start-up formation hamper incumbents’ R&D investment?

This paper investigates the implications that complementary assets needed for the formation of start-ups have on the innovative efforts of incumbent firms. In particular, we highlight a strategic incentive effect by which the innovative efforts of incumbents are decreasing in the availability of the complementary assets needed for the creation of a start-up. Furthermore, we argue that the R&D investments of incumbents are positively related to the presence of policy support to innovation, and to the firm’s endowment of human capital. The empirical relevance of our theoretical hypotheses is investigated—and supported—by using firm level data.     

中国企业海外R&D投资影响因素的实证研究

文章利用101家中国制造业上市公司的177个海外子公司投资数据,通过建立三元选择Logit模型,从投资企业和东道国两个层面分析了中国企业市场支撑型和技术寻求型海外RD投资的影响因素。结果表明:东道国人均GDP、东道国的RD投入对市场支撑型RD投资有显著正向影响,母公司的RD投入、东道国人均GDP和RD投入对技术寻求型RD投资有显著正向影响。因此,中国企业市场支撑型海外RD投资受东道国购买力水平的影响,技术寻求型海外RD投资受母公司技术水平和东道国RD资源丰裕程度的双重影响。     

基于M-VAR模型的税收结构与R&D投入研究

本文分析了我国税制特征和税收结构对RD投入的影响,认为RD投入与增值税、消费税、个人所得税正相关,与营业税正相关不显著,与企业所得税、关税负相关。脉冲响应结果显示增值税、消费税对RD投入有长期持续的正影响,RD投入的税收收入弹性显示1992-1997年我国的RD投入弹性小于1,从1997-2010年以来RD投入弹性普遍大于1,长期来看RD投入的税收弹性在1附近波动;所研究的各税种之间存在来自彼此的冲击,增值税与消费税存在逐渐递增的效应,营业税与个人所得税存在长期稳定而显著的正效应。     

复合实物期权思想在R&D项目投资评估中的应用探析

本文将复合实物期权的思想引入到对R&D项目投资决策的过程中,分析了R&D项目投资的特点以及传统投资决策方法的缺陷,指出复合实物期权的评估方法对于R&D项目投资项目的评估更为完善。     

安徽省各市R&D人员数量对GDP影响的实证分析

随着安徽省各市经济竞争的不断加剧,经济增长对科研活动领域的创新发展要求越来越高,研发投入也越来越大,安徽各地市对研发人才的竞争日趋激烈。本文基于安徽省2021年度统计年鉴中关于从事研究与试验发展的人员数量与GDP的相关统计数据,利用现代计量经济模型进行实证分析,得出结论,安徽省各市研究与试验发展人员数量是安徽省各市GDP的格兰杰原因,且在长期内两者保持均衡变动关系,为此本文提出促进安徽省R&D人员数量与GDP保持协调的发展政策建议,以供参考。     

Market-oriented institutional change and R&D investments: Do business groups enhance advantage?

Emerging market firms (EMFs) are increasingly relying on innovation to find their competitive advantage, but our understanding of how institutional change affects firm innovation has been limited. We analyzed Korean manufacturing firms from 1994 to 2006 to test the proposition that market-oriented institutional change in an emerging economy alleviates firms’ financing constraints and monitoring problems and improves the effectiveness of their innovation activities. Institutional evolution in the economy was found to affect Korean business groups and independent firms differently. Institutional change reduced the financing constraints on independent firms more than for business group affiliates in R&D investment. Independent firms, however, appeared less capable than group affiliates of translating the benefits of improved institutional environments into efficient R&D investment. This asymmetry may lead to a wider gap in the efficiency of R&D investment between business group affiliates and independent firms.     

国际R&D溢出的地理效应——对Keller问题的进一步回答

以42个国家1996-2011年间的数据为样本,采用非线性回归研究了Keller教授所提出的国际RD溢出地理效应与溢出渠道机制之间的关系问题。研究结果表明:国际RD溢出具有地理局域化特征,国家距离越远,其获得他国的RD外溢效应越弱。文章对溢出渠道作用于RD国际溢出的地理效应的影响进行比较研究,发现出口和进口溢出渠道对国际RD溢出弹性没有影响,流入FDI和流出FDI对国际RD溢出弹性都具有显著的、微弱正向影响,研究结果还证实发展中国家相对于发达国家从国际RD溢出中获益更多。     

Transformational leadership and R&D workers' multiple commitments: Do justice and span of control matter?

This study examines how transformational leaders influence research and development (R&D) workers' commitment to their organizations and leaders. The study investigates the mediating role of organizational justice (i.e., procedural and interactional) based on social exchange theory and the moderating role of span of control in this relationship. In a sample of 445 Turkish R&D personnel, the study finds that transformational leadership significantly influences followers' organizational commitment partially through procedural justice and their supervisory commitment partially through interactional justice. Second, the findings reveal that transformational leaders boost perceptions of procedural justice and organizational commitment when the span of control is relatively narrow. Interestingly, when the span of control is large, transformational leadership has significant positive effects on supervisory commitment, but no significant effects on organizational commitment among R&D workers.     

The Localization Choice of Multinational Firms’ R&D Centers: A Survey in the Piedmont Area

Research on the linkages between R&D, environment, strategy, and localization choices is quite new and often lacks empirical investigation. The aim of this article is to study the localization choices of MNE R&D activities in Piedmont. Specifically, it investigates the extent of locating in a specific place on the strength of several drivers and the level of satisfaction of the choice after 3 years from the settlement. The findings aim to verify the main drivers that led 51 MNE to choose Piedmont as the ideal area for their R&D activities and also to show how the high level of presence after 3 years from the settlement confirms the result.     

Foreign Direct Investment Policy–Friendly Business Environment in R&D Sectors: Baltic States versus Visegrad Countries

This article examines the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) policy on inward FDI in the Visegrad and Baltic countries. The analysis of business environment highlights that the countries in both regions attempt to create a friendly business environment by means of similar methods. However, the countries in both regions focus on fiscal incentives such as taxes, which do not play a major role in attracting inward FDI in R&D. The results of attracting FDI are better in the Visegrad countries, which implement financial incentives toward inward FDI along with fiscal incentives. According to empirical analysis, it is noticed that a higher intervention level and a higher support level guarantee the volume of inward FDI. The country's introduced FDI policy enables it to orient industry and to implement economic strategic targets. FDI policy does have an impact on promoting the development of the entire country.     

服务业FDI、吸收能力与国际R&D溢出效应——一项跨国经验研究北大核心CSSCI

本文运用41个国家2005-2011年的面板数据,基于东道国吸收能力的视角,测算并考察了服务业FDI的R&D溢出效应,研究结果表明:第一,服务业FDI的R&D溢出会对东道国全要素生产率产生显著的促进作用,并且主要体现在对技术效率的改善上。国内R&D投入对东道国全要素生产率的提升作用并不显著。第二,东道国吸收能力中,人力资本以及制度因素能够显著促进服务业FDI的R&D溢出,但金融服务业的发展水平却阻碍了东道国这一途径的技术吸收。第三,分样本研究中,OECD国家服务业FDI的R&D溢出效应显著,而非OECD国家这一效应并未通过显著性检验。     

Subsidizing Away Exports? A Note on R&D-policy Towards Multinational Firms

In this paper, I investigate whether instead of strengthening home-based production, government R&D-subsidies can induce R&D-intensive firms to locate production abroad. Investigating firm-level data on Swedish MNEs, however, I find no evidence of such relocation. R&D subsidies rather tend to encourage export production at the expense of foreign production. The theory presented suggests that this is consistent with technology transfer costs, which outweigh trade costs for physical goods.