2002年度德国科教经费再次提高

２００１年６月１３日德国联邦教研部公布了２００２年度预算，预算总额为１６４．１亿马克（合８３．９亿欧元），比２００１年增加了４．４亿马克，提高了２．７４％，达到历史上的最高水平。联邦教研部长Bulmahn女士表示，联邦政府对教育和研究的投资从未像现在这样多，这是面向德国作为创新所在地的持续投资。教育和研究是创造新的工作岗位和新产品的发动机。增加对教育和研究的投资将为全国和全民带来好处。大学、研究机构、大学生、培训人员和所有希望继续学习的人是这项政策的受益者。Bulmahn部长特别指出，对于年轻人而言，新的《…     

中国对外直接投资背后的问题

加入WTO之后,我国与国际经济的联系越来越密切,随着中国经济对外开放程度不断提高,我国对外直接投资规模不断扩大。面对全球金融危机,我国企业积极参与国际投资合作,对外直接投资稳定增长。本文通过对中国对外直接投资的现状分析,总结出当今中国对外直接投资的特点及存在问题,进而为我国对外直接投资提出政策建议。     

2017年度中国对外直接投资统计公报在京发布北大核心SSCI

2018年9月28日,商务部、国家统计局、国家外汇管理局联合发布（（2017年度中国对外直接投资统计公报》,商务部合作司副司长张幸福代表三部门详细介绍了2017年中国对外直接投资的主要特点。 首先,对外直接投资流量首次出现负增长,规模位居全球第三。2017年中国对外直接投资1582．9亿美元,同比下降19．3％,自2003年中国发布年度对外直接投资统计数据以来,首次出现负增长,但仍为历史第二高位（仅次于2016年）。     

中国对德国直接投资的现状及对策

近年来,随着中国“走出去”战略的实施以及“一带一路”战略的推进,中国企业拓展国际市场的需求不断增加,中国企业对外投资进入快速上升期.德国以其独特优势成为中国企业立足欧洲、布局全球的投资重镇.中国对德国的直接投资呈现出显著的上升趋势.本文将从中国对德国直接投资的现状出发,找出存在的问题,从而提出相关建议与对策.     

中国企业FDI在希腊经济复苏中的机遇与风险

一、中国企业对外直接投资的现状与特点(一)中国对外投资规模。2010年,中国对外直接投资净额(流量)688.1亿美元,较上年增长21.7%;2011年上半年中国对外直接投资流出262亿美元,较2010年上半年增长17%;截至2010年年底,中国设立境外直接投资企业1.6万家,分布在全球178个国家(地区),对外直接投资累计净额(存量)3172.1亿美元,《2011年世界投资报告》显示,2010     

《2010年度中国对外直接投资统计公报》发布北大核心CSSCISSCI

商务部、国家统计局、国家外汇管理局日前联合发布了（2010年度中国对外直接投资统计公报》,根据《公报》,2010年中国对外直接投资主要呈现以下特点：第一,投资流量再创新高,跃居全球第五。2010年,中国对外直接投资净额（流量）为688．1亿美元,同比增长21．7％,连续九年保持增长势头,年均增速为49．9％。     

德国对外投资与吸引外资状况分析

德国对外投资与吸引外资状况分析商晴（驻德国使馆经商处）在经济全球化浪潮中,直接投资扮演着一个中心角色,资本的流动带动并促进商品和劳务输出,使世界经济的融合向纵深发展。作为欧洲第一经济大国、美日之后的世界第三经济强国,德国自然不甘落后,截至１９９５年底...     

中国对外直接投资现状及对经济增长的促进效应分析

随着中国经济对外开放程度不断提高,积极扩大中国对外直接投资规模,引导更多的企业"走出去"已成为经济发展的当务之急。中国对外直接投资水平的提升将对国民经济的持续健康发展起到良好促进作用。本文通过对中国对外直接投资的现状分析,总结出当今中国对外直接投资的特点,进而进一步分析对外直接投资对中国经济增长的促进效应。     

德国、法国经济形势及其启示

德国，法国是欧洲经济的中心和支柱，经济总量位居欧元区第一、第二位，分别是世界第三、第四大经济强国。2000年两国的GDP分别为15570亿欧元和10780亿欧元，德、法两国的经济走势对欧盟及世界经济的发展都有重要影响。     

中国对外直接投资现状及对经济增长的促进效应分析

随着中国经济对外开放程度不断提高,积极扩大中国对外直接投资规模,引导更多的企业"走出去"已成为经济发展的当务之急.中国对外直接投资水平的提升将对国民经济的持续健康发展起到良好促进作用.本文通过对中国对外直接投资的现状分析,总结出当今中国对外直接投资的特点,进而进一步分析对外直接投资对中国经济增长的促进效应.     

Language and foreign trade

While language plays an important role in gravity models, there has been little attention to the channels through which a common language promotes bilateral trade. This work proposes separate series for a common language depending upon whether ease of communication facilitates trade through translation or the ability to communicate directly. The series related to direct communication is far more important in explaining bilateral trade, but the other series, based on translation, makes a distinct contribution as well. Either measure of a common language outperforms the measure in popular use, which is implicitly related to translation, and a combination of the two does far better. In addition, the paper examines the effect of two country-specific linguistic influences on trade: Literacy and linguistic diversity at home. Both of these influences promote foreign relative to domestic trade. Finally, the article studies the separate roles of English and network externalities.     

Access to finance,foreign ownership and foreign takeovers in Germany

With this article we present the first microeconometric analysis of the impact of a foreign acquisition on the target firm’s access to finance. By using a large database of German firms, we furthermore investigate for the first time the link between foreign ownership and access to finance in Germany, one of the world's leading target countries for FDI. We use newly available comprehensive panel data that we constructed from information collected by the German statistical offices and from credit rating scores supplied by the leading German credit rating agency. We find foreign-owned firms in German manufacturing on average to show slightly more financing restrictions than domestically owned enterprises, but this very small difference diminishes once unobserved heterogeneity is taken into account. We further demonstrate that one reason for this finding is the preference of foreign investors for targets with relatively low credit-worthiness. Although the likelihood of a foreign acquisition appears to be correlated with credit rating, there is no impact of foreign takeovers on the credit constraints of the target firms ex post and therefore no support for the hypothesis that foreign takeovers ease financial frictions.     

Political regimes and foreign intervention

We present a theory of endogenous political regimes that emphasizes foreign direct investment as a motive for foreign governments to either induce regime transitions or promote regime consolidations. We characterize different forms of foreign intervention and identify the conditions under which they occur. We highlight new channels through which economic factors affect political regime choices. Foreign intervention is most likely to originate from countries where the government has a substantial pro-investor bias and to be directed at destinations where FDI is highly profitable and where income inequality is high. Foreign-sponsored coups d'état are more likely to be directed at democratic governments of poor countries. In destinations where FDI is highly profitable but the domestic elite is weak, foreign intervention tends to be aimed at stabilizing dictatorships. We relate the analysis to evidence on foreign intervention from around the world.     

Equity market and foreign capital

Abstract .  I present a model that demonstrates that the market mechanism is not always effective in stabilizing an open equity market. Foreign capital inflows create multiple equilibria in the equity market, which may simultaneously trigger a currency crisis as well as an equity market crash even if the equity market is well developed.     

Trust and foreign ownership: Evidence from intra‐European foreign direct investments

We use a novel firm‐level dataset to test whether trust affects the volume and the ownership structure FDI across Europe. Our methodology deals with the endogeneity of trust from the investor to the recipient country. We expect such a trust measure to affect investment decisions, and the associated knowledge capital, differently across types of foreign investors. In particular, this effect is expected to be stronger for industrial investors who possess transferable knowledge capital. The data confirm our predictions. Higher trust increases the number and volume of FDIs, but also the probability of co‐investing with a partner from the recipient country.     

Income insurance and the determinants of income insurance via foreign asset revenues and foreign liability payments

We document that the net factor income smoothing channel in OECD countries is primarily driven by net financial asset income, while the other two sub‐components (net compensation of employees and net taxes on imports) turn out to be ineffective. Once factor income inflows are distinguished from outflows, empirical evidence suggests a non-significant effect of inflows in terms of income smoothing as opposed to a positive and significant role of factor income outflows. Factor income outflows also appear to be robust with respect to positive output shocks, while neither factor inflows nor factor outflows provide insurance against negative output shocks. In terms of the determinants of income smoothing, results indicate that an increase in foreign equity and debt liabilities positively affect the extent of smoothing via factor income outflows. Whereas, contrary to the current literature, an increase in foreign asset holding does not have a positive impact on smoothing via factor income inflows. European investors' tendency of allocating a sizeable portion of their assets within the Euro zone is shown to undermine income smoothing.     

Migrant networks and foreign direct investment

Although there exists a sizeable literature documenting the importance of ethnic networks for international trade, little attention has been devoted to studying the effects of migrants on foreign direct investment (FDI). The presence of migrants can stimulate FDI by promoting information flows across international borders and by serving as a contract enforcement mechanism. This paper investigates the link between the presence of migrants in the US and US FDI in the migrants' countries of origin, taking into account the potential endogeneity concerns. The results suggest that US FDI abroad is positively correlated with the presence of migrants from the host country. The data further indicate that the relationship between FDI and migration is stronger for migrants with tertiary education.     

Trade costs and foreign direct investment

This paper focuses on an apparent conflict between the theory of foreign direct investment (FDI) and recent trends in the globalized world. The bulk of FDI is horizontal rather than vertical, and standard theory predicts that horizontal FDI is discouraged when trade costs fall. This seems to conflict with the experience of the 1990s, when trade liberalisation and technological change led to dramatic reductions in trade costs yet FDI grew much faster than trade. Two possible resolutions to this paradox are explored. First, horizontal FDI in trading blocs is encouraged by intra-bloc trade liberalisation, because foreign firms establish plants in one country as export platforms to serve the bloc as a whole. Second, cross-border mergers, quantitatively more important than greenfield FDI, are encouraged rather than discouraged by falling trade costs.     

CEO international experience and foreign IPOs

This paper examines listing location as a managerial decision by using a sample of IPOs of Chinese entrepreneurial firms in mainland China, the United States and Hong Kong. We find that Chinese entrepreneurial firms managed by CEOs with international experience are more likely to undertake foreign IPOs, especially those returned from countries with more advanced legal institutions and those operating in high-tech industries. The credibility crisis for Chinese firms in 2010 switched the focus of foreign IPOs from the US to Hong Kong. These results are consistent across returnee CFOs and other senior executives with international experience.     

Veto players and foreign aid provision

This study investigates how the political institutions of developed economies influence their foreign assistance. Specifically, we argue that the number of effective veto players has a negative effect on the volume of aid provision. To provide foreign assistance, the incumbent government in a donor country must have unanimous support from all effective veto players in policy making. Thus, it has more barriers to overcome when the polity is characterized by many and preference-wise heterogeneous veto players. By examining the official development assistance outflows of 27 OECD countries for the period of 1977–2006, we find empirical patterns that corroborate our argument.