我国城乡居民的生活垃圾分类处理意识与行为调研--以浙江省H市为例

近年来,随着人我国口数量的不断增长,城乡各类垃圾尤其是生活垃圾的年产生量也在不断增长。而解决生活垃圾问题的关键在于城乡居民垃圾分类处理意识的强弱和行为的能力。本文以我国浙江省H市部分城乡居民为调研对象,综合采用问卷调查法、访谈法和实地观察法,了解了该市城乡生活垃圾分类处理现状,探讨了其中存在的问题,最后有针对性的提出相应的解决建议,藉此为妥善解决生活垃圾分类处理问题、促进环境保护事业的发展提供借鉴和参考。     

我国城乡居民的生活垃圾分类处理意识与行为调研-——以浙江省H市为例

近年来，随着人我国口数量的不断增长，城乡各类垃圾尤其是生活垃圾的年产生量也在不断增长。而解决生活垃圾问题的关键在于城乡居民垃圾分类处理意识的强弱和行为的能力。本文以我国浙江省H市部分城乡居民为调研对象，综合采用问卷调查法、访谈法和实地观察法，了解了该市城乡生活垃圾分类处理现状，探讨了其中存在的问题，最后有针对性的提出相应的解决建议，藉此为妥善解决生活垃圾分类处理问题、促进环境保护事业的发展提供借鉴和参考。     

城市生活垃圾分类与处理的调查问卷分析

垃圾分类是生活垃圾减量化、资源化利用的基础。进行垃圾分类收集可以减少垃圾处理量和处理设备,降低处理成本,减少土地资源的消耗。但是,我国目前在生活垃圾处理的过程中,垃圾分类工作还主要停留在二次分拣阶段。文章以北京市为例,对部分居民进行了生活垃圾分类问题的问卷调查,重点调查关于居民对于垃圾分类的态度、自身在垃圾分类过程中的做法以及垃圾分类工作存在不足的主要原因。通过调查发现居民在垃圾分类处理的过程中存在一些问题,并根据具体情况提出了改进的政策建议。     

“互联网+再生资源回收”模式推进机制的三方演化博弈研究

随着垃圾分类政策逐步在全国范围内推行,一些企业将互联网技术与垃圾分类回收相结合,提出了“互联网+再生资源回收”的新模式,但目前该模式仍处于探索阶段,想要在全国范围内推广还有诸多问题需要解决。论文基于演化博弈论理论,构建“互联网+再生资源回收”模式下城市生活垃圾分类回收的演化博弈模型,对博弈三方行为决策进行分析以及仿真验证,研究结果表明:政府的监督成本、政府提供给垃圾分类企业和居民的财政补贴、政府对垃圾分类企业的行政处罚力度以及居民参与垃圾分类的直接收益等因素是制约三方演化博弈能否达到理想均衡状态的关键,进一步分析模型成因,并针对结果提出几点建议。     

我国垃圾分类的现状及对策研究

随着我国经济社会的飞速发展和人民物质消费水平的大幅提高,垃圾产量逐年快速增长,垃圾处理工作已经成为制约我国和谐美丽发展的瓶颈问题。针对日益严峻复杂的垃圾处理形势,立足"美丽中国"的战略布局,借鉴国内外发达城市的成功经验,实施垃圾分类既能有效改善我国城乡的卫生环境,也能促进资源的循环利用,更能提高我国生态文明建设水平,是当前解决垃圾处理工作的最直接、最有效方法。文章着重探讨中国的垃圾分类现状,对不足之处进行探讨并积极思考应对和补充措施,对更好地推进和完善垃圾处理工作提供理论参考。     

我国城市生活垃圾的分类回收研究

随着社会的飞速发展,城市化进程的不断加快,城市生活垃圾产量也随之逐年增加,生活垃圾的分类与回收直接影响人们的身体健康和可持续发展的实现。本文通过对国内外垃圾源头分类、回收与处理上的研究,分析我国城市生活垃圾分类回收存在的问题,并提出相应的对策。     

深圳市垃圾分类减量计划实践模式探究北大核心

回顾我国垃圾分类减量工作历程,虽然各试点城市做了很多努力和尝试,但效果评价始终不佳。作为国家政策先试先行的深圳,在深入剖析国内外城市垃圾分类实践模式基础上,结合自身为期六年多的试点实验,探索出了我国垃圾分类的症结与困境。为寻求突破,深圳市提出了新一轮切实可行的垃圾分类减量工作的举措及可持续管理途径,对我国其他试点城市具有重要借鉴意义。     

我国城市生活垃圾的分类回收研究

随着社会的飞速发展,城市化进程的不断加快,城市生活垃圾产量也随之逐年增加,生活垃圾的分类与回收直接影响人们的身体健康和可持续发展的实现.本文通过对国内外垃圾源头分类、回收与处理上的研究,分析我国城市生活垃圾分类回收存在的问题,并提出相应的对策.     

关于乌鲁木齐市城市生活垃圾分类收集情况的调查

目前，乌鲁木齐市拥有常住人口311万人，流动人口80余万人，每日产生的垃圾有3000吨左右，巨量的垃圾进行填埋处理，占用大量土地，可再生资源不能得到利用，造成城市生态环境的污染。本次社会调查采取随机调查的方式，广泛了解乌鲁木齐市市民对垃圾分类、回收利用的看法和建议。通过本次调查结果的统计分析，笔者提出了几点建议，有助于今后乌市顺利开展生活垃圾分类收集工作。     

发展垃圾产业 走可持续发展道路

针对我国城市垃圾问题现状,提出一些建设性措施,指出了解决城市垃圾问题对我国实施可持续发展战略以及新世纪经济的增长具有重大意义。     

我国高风险进口产品的现状及分析——可利用固体废物进口现状及管制措施研究

自从20世纪90年代以来,我国开始进口国外的资源性固体废物,一时间"洋垃圾"伴随着资源性固体废物大量进入境内,给我国的经济安全、环境安全及人民健康带来了巨大的危害。因此,如何有效地利用国外资源性固体废物发展我国经济,弥补我国资源短缺的状况,同时杜绝无法再生利用的"洋垃圾"进入境内,对我国现阶段创建和谐社会,实现可持续发展,不仅具有理论意义,更具有积极的现实意义。     

Do Not Trash the Incentive! Monetary Incentives and Waste Sorting

In this paper, we examine whether combining non‐monetary and monetary incentives increases municipal solid waste sorting. We empirically investigate this issue, exploiting the exogenous variation in waste management policies experienced during the years 1999–2008 by the 95 municipalities in the district of Treviso (Italy). Using a panel regression analysis, we estimate that pay‐as‐you‐throw (PAYT) incentive schemes increase the sorted‐to‐total waste ratio by 17 percent, and that their effect reinforces that of a door‐to‐door (DtD) collection system, which is equal to 15.7 percent. Moreover, the panel structure of our dataset allows us to find learning and spatial effects associated with both PAYT and DtD.     

垃圾按量收费政策的理论与实践进展——环境经济政策的前沿领域

垃圾按量收费是管制垃圾的最直接的环境经济政策。理论分析和经验证据表明，垃圾按量收费对减少垃圾排放和增加垃圾回收有显著效果。当然，垃圾按量收费也可能存在潜在问题，应用不当也会产生不利的效果。主要探讨垃圾按量收费政策的理论基础、实践效应、实施条件和配套措施，以期为垃圾按量收费在中国的应用提供借鉴。     

城市无害固体垃圾的管理与公共环境政策

无害固体垃圾处理的问题，是我国城市化高速发展中应重点重视和研究的课题，也是建设现代城市循环经济和节约型社会的基本要素。本文以新加坡为例，研究其如何成功处理迅速增长的无害固体垃圾问题，并探讨其垃圾管理政策，以期为我国在高速城市化发展中解决城市垃圾这一重要环境问题提供有益的借鉴。     

Social Norms,Morals and Self-interest as Determinants of Pro-environment Behaviours: The Case of Household Recycling

This paper considers the role which selfish, moral and social incentives and pressures play in explaining the extent to which stated choices over pro-environment behaviours vary across individuals. The empirical context is choices over household waste contracts and recycling actions in Poland. A theoretical model is used to show how cost-based motives and the desire for a positive self and social image combine to determine the utility from alternative choices of recycling behaviour. We then describe a discrete choice experiment designed to empirically investigate the effects such drivers have on stated choices. A hybrid logit model is used to link statements over attitudes to recycling to choices, dealing with a potential endogeneity problem caused by the joint effects of un-observables on attitudes and choices. We find that a substantial share of our respondents prefer to sort their waste at home rather than in a central sorting facility. This preference is associated with a moral/intrinsic motivation, involving a belief that sorting at home is more thorough than central sorting.     

Financing a competitive recycling initiative in Switzerland

The purpose of the paper is to enhance the understanding of different pricing systems within the real world of solid waste management: first the effect on recycling behaviour of citizens, and second the effect on the budget goals, and third the operational logic of different economic measures will be analyzed. Hence it helps practitioners understand and cope with the challenge of meeting the zero profit budget goal in public solid waste management while inducing behaviour change in the regional solid waste system. The question “How can robust recycling strategies be financed?” is addressed.The analysis draws on a system dynamics model for solid waste management that is based on a model framework on human behaviour and public policy that embraces an evolutionary feedback perspective. The model structure was deduced from an ex-post analysis of observed phenomena in solid waste management such as recurring budget deficits at the local level in Switzerland. The paper illustrates how the model was used as a policy lab in which various pricing and incentive strategies were tested that allowed addressing “what-if-questions” under controlled conditions. The various policy-experiments illustrated crucial trade offs between zero profit budget goals at the local level and the administration of a successful recycling initiative. Different scenario-experiments show that under worst-case conditions economic instrument are not sufficient in order to yield a robust policy outcome.     

Waste management regulation: policy solutions and policy shortcomings

A model of packaging waste management is presented to explore the policy options available to governments to implement waste regulation in light of the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR ). Our model endogenizes the packaging design as an additional determinant for the overall amount of waste jointly with consumers’ sorting effort and producers’ output decisions. The model shows that the policies that yield the first‐best allocation may not find public support. Furthermore, if the set of available policy instruments is limited, production and consumption of the good is likely to settle on a sub‐optimal level even though the optimal allocation may be achievable. Finally, the model demonstrates that a landfill tax may actually increase landfill waste in the presence of tradable credits for recycling activities. The results shed light on some shortcomings of existing regulatory schemes such as the Producer Responsibility Obligations (Packaging Waste) Regulations of the UK .     

ENDOGENOUS CONSUMER PARTICIPATION AND THE RECYCLING PROBLEM*

We endogenise the extent of consumer participation in the recycling process, and analyse its effect on the ‘recycling problem’. When recycling requires consumers to undertake costly sorting activities to separate scrap from household waste, they will participate only if the net reward from sorting is positive. Consumers' sorting cost is subject to a network effect arising due to social norms. With heterogeneous consumers differing in terms of their sorting cost, the entire output of the recyclable product may not be subsequently available as scrap to the recycling firms. This increases the virgin producer's monopoly power, and may also lead to multiple equilibria if the network effect of sorting is sufficiently large. The latter result suggests a role for the government in influencing equilibrium selection to improve social welfare. Depending on the fraction of consumers that participate in recycling, increased societal pressure on consumers to recycle may decrease consumer participation and increase the virgin producer's market power.     

A survey of the influencing factors and models for resident＇s household waste management behavior

The problem of household solid waste has been concerned and researched on by municipalities and researchers.At present, household solid waste has been changed to management problem from technical one. From the point view ofmanagement, the research on household solid waste is to study the factors which influence resident’s behavior ofmanaging their waste. Based on the literature review, firstly, this paper summarizes those factors which have alreadybeen identified to have impact on resident’s behavior of managing their waste. They are social-demographic variables,knowledge, environmental values, psychological factors, publicity and system design. Secondly, three typical models ofthe relationship between factors and behavior, which are factors determining task performance in waste management,conceptualization of waste management behavior and the theoretical model of repeated behavior on household wastemanagement, are analyzed and the deficiencies of these models are also analyzed. Finally, according to the currentsituation in household waste management and the culture and resident’s habits in China, this paper puts forward aresearch focus and suggestions about resident’s behavior of household solid waste management.