C语言中变量的作用域

本文主要阐述了变量的生存期和作用域的问题,因为它们是程序中引用变量的依据。本文结合实例进行了分析,旨在程序设计时,能正确的定义和引用变量。     

C语言与汇编语言混合编程声明规则

C语言与汇编语言两者混合编程,对变量、函数相互引用时必须声明。本文详细分析了声明规则,并举例说明。     

基于资本结构的国内钢铁企业成长性分析

公司的资本结构对于公司成长性的影响主要体现在公司通过不同融资策略,影响资本结构中的负债结构和股权结构,进一步对公司治理结构、产品竞争策略产生影响,最终影响到公司成长性。本文首先从产业的角度出发,引用资本结构理论研究成果,对我国钢铁企业的资本结构从多个角度进行了较为详细的数据分析;其次,本文试图借鉴计量经济学的思想,利用我国钢铁上市公司的财务数据,选用不同的财务变量,利用因子分析法筛选出公司成长因子,确定成长性良好的公司;最后对本文假设进行了实证分析。     

信息化条件下装备保障人才个体模型研究

针对装备保障人才个体,对信息化条件下装备保障人才能力素质的通用模型进行了描述,划分了六大类变量,即动机类变量、知识类变量、信息类变量、技能类变量、身心类变量和角色类变量;针对装备保障核心人才,建立了能力素质结构模型,分析了装备保障人才与关键岗位的匹配关系。     

我国回族研究引用期刊文献计量分析

以我国唯一的全方位研究回族历史文化及社会主义时期回族问题的学术性期刊——《回族研究》2001-2010年引用期刊文献的统计数据为蓝本,从引用频次、引用期刊种类、引用论文的学科发布及著者发布等方面,从文献计量学视角,进行了统计与分析。     

参与预算与组织绩效关系——实证研究与理论框架

对基于权变研究框架的参与预算和绩效关系的实证研究成果进行了综述,分析个体层面变量、组织层面变量、技术变量和环境层面变量对两者关系的影响,提出了参与预算影响绩效的理论分析框架。     

论引用标准和标准引用

本文从分析“引用标准”和“标准引用”的概念入手，论述了“引用标准”和“标准引用”的不同含义及其正确的使用方法，指出了ＧＢ／Ｔ１．２２《引用标准的规定》中术语用法不妥的问题，并给出了“引用标准”和“标准引用”的定义。     

参数变量法在通信预算中的应用

通信预算表格中数字计算量大,数据引用多,计价过程因定额分册、施工条件等因素而不同,使得预算的编制相对复杂。本文使用参数变量法,以Excel函数为主要工具,对各种变化因素集中处理,将修改与使用分离,以适应不同情况,减少数据修改量、实现自动计算。     

基于上市公司财务危机的生存分析

文章引用统计分析方法--生存分析方法来建立财务预警模型.与其他研究不同,文中不仅研究了上市公司财务指标在预警模型中的作用,而且引入了公司治理结构方面的指标以及一些影响企业生产经营环境的宏观变量,试图建立一个综合模型,来探索导致企业产生财务危机的真正因素.研究发现:现金流动负债比率、流动资产周转率以及第三大股东持股比例对上市公司是否进入"ST"具有决定性的作用.     

变量播种技术在精细农业中的研究现状与发展前景

文章以精准农业为研究背景,着重介绍了变量播种技术国内外研究进展以及变量播种技术的实施过程,并在此基础上对变量播种的必要性进行了分析,提出了变量播种的发展前景,为今后变量播种技术的研究提供依据。     

三维精细构造解释在海南区块的应用

本文以海南区块为例,详细论述了三维精细构造解释方案和流程,重点分析了精细构造解释中频谱分析、相干体技术、变速成图技术。该解释方案在实际应用中取得了良好的效果,可为其他研究员提供参考。     

Influence of a culture-based entrepreneurship program on student interest in business ownership

This paper reports the results of a study that examined the impact of a culture-based entrepreneurship study abroad program on student interest in business ownership. Ninety-six students were asked to complete a pre-and post-study abroad program questionnaire that asked about their understanding of a variety of program activities and to gauge their interest in starting a business. Little similar research has been reported in the literature. Pre- and post- program mean rankings of the variable are reported. The results indicated that post-program mean ranking of knowledge, understanding, and skill ability variables tend to be higher than pre-program mean rankings. Fifteen of the 22 post-program mean values of the measured variables are significantly different from pre-program mean values. Logit regression analysis indicated that the language and program structure variables were positively associated with interest in starting a business while the Spanish business and entrepreneurial skills were negatively associated with business ownership. The results of this study may be of interest to educators involved in developing entrepreneurship and study abroad courses and programs. The study may be of special interest to those involved in developing integrative entrepreneurship programs.     

SUV车变速操纵机构隔热方案优化设计

变速操纵机构是影响整车操纵舒适性能的重要机构,因此,变速操纵机构的合理化设计是至关重要的。文章通过SUV车在道路试验中出现变速操纵钢索被烤坏的现象,详细介绍了变速操纵机构隔热方案的优化设计过程,并通过试验验证了本次设计可以有效保护变速操纵机构。本次设计不仅解决了变速操纵钢索被发动机排气管烤坏的问题,填补了SUV车变速操纵机构隔热方案设计的空白,为SUV车隔热方案设计积累了宝贵经验,同时也提高了SUV车产品质量。     

A multiple group analysis of the training transfer model: exploring the differences between high and low performers in a Korean insurance company

This study suggests an integrative transfer of training model and examines the influence of pre-training performance on the relationship between work environment variables and transfer-related variables. Structural equation modeling was conducted with data collected from 365 Korean employees of a large general insurance firm. They were all participants in a leadership development program. The results of multi-group analyses revealed that the influence of work environment variables on transfer-related variables was moderated by employees' pre-training performance. The findings of the study imply that a more elaborate training transfer model that considers performance not just as an outcome variable, but also as an antecedent variable is required. Also, it is proposed that different strategies should be applied to promote transfer of training based on the employee's level of pre-training performance.     

Efficient Facet Based Efficiency Index: A Variable Returns to Scale Specification

The appearance of strictly positive slack variables in DEA solutions causes well known computational and analytical problems studied by Olesen and Petersen (1996) and Green et al. (1996) under constant returns to scale. This paper discusses variable returns to scale and suggests the use of efficient facets (EFs) in the reference technology. It is found to give a lower bound of the efficiency scores. Most importantly, efficiency measured with respect to EFs—the EF based efficiency index—may decrease if additional variables are introduced but are disposed in production. Thus, units are penalized for disposal of incoming variables, and the EF based efficiency index captures the net efficiency of a unit. EF is found to be a useful tool also to search a suitable set of variables for efficiency measurement. Its use is demonstrated with Finnish university data and it is found to change the measured performance of the university sector quite significantly.     

Models for status inconsistency and mobility: A comparison of the approaches by Hope and Sobel with the mainstream square additive model

This paper is about the analysis of effects of status inconsistency and mobility on a dependent variable. We compare the mainstream square additive baseline model to alternative designs by Hope (1971, 1975) and Sobel (1981, 1985). Both writers claim that the square additive baseline model also contains some status inconsistency effects. An examination of the relationships between the square additive model, Hope's halfway/difference model, and Sobel's simple diagonal reference model shows that the effects uncovered by Sobel and Hope pertain to the inequality of the effects of the status variables on the dependent variable. These salience difference effects are therefore distinct from the non-additive status inconsistency effects which would be detected using the square additive approach. Less restricted versions of the diagonal reference model, the DM-1 and DM-2 models as well as a recent model by Weakliem (1992), are also examined with regard to additive/non-additive components and symmetry of effects.     

Intra-day futures price volatility: Information effects and variance persistence

This paper was prepared for presentation at the Conference on Nonlinear Dynamics and Econometrics, UCLA, 5–6 April, 1991, under the title ‘Information and chronological time effects in intra-day futures price volatility.’ The authors are grateful to participants of the Nonlinear Dynamics Conference and to Leigh Riddick, George Wang, and two anonymous referees for helpful comments. The BDS program was provided by W. D. Dechert and the BISPEC program was provided by Doug Patterson. The views stated within are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect those of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission or its staff. This paper examines the role of the rate of information arrival proxy variables, as they relate to persistence in the variance structure of minute-by-minute S&P 500 Index Futures returns series. The role of contract volume, floor transactions, the number of price changes, executed order imbalance, and an information composite in reducing variance persistence is examined. All proxy variables are found to explain a significant amount of returns variance. While the characteristics of returns data vary daily, some evidence of remaining variance persistence is found, regardless of the definition of the rate of information arrival variable. Our results suggest that utilization of a pure ARCH-type model for highfrequency returns data implies a mis-specification.     

Measurement error in causal analysis of panel data: Attenuated versus inflated relationships

The presence of random measurement error is commonly thought to cause attenuation of statistical relationships. While this is an unquestionable truth in bivariate analysis, it cannot be generalized to the multivariate case without qualification. This paper shows that measurement error may give rise to overestimates of parameters in causal analysis whenever there is more than one independent variable and the independent variables are correlated. If the independent variables are not measured with the same amount of reliability, there may also be considerable error in estimates of the relative magnitude of their impact. Both problems are particularly serious when the amount of measurement error is large relative to some of the causal effects such as in panel analysis with lagged dependent variables.     

联立方程模型的工具变量方法质疑与商榷

本文质疑联立方程模型前定变量的工具变量性质：前定变量并不保证与当期行为解释变量的相关性,由其构建的工作回归元所完成的分阶段最小二乘估计因而并非两阶段最小二乘估计。建议按照简约式方程构建工作回归元,其具有模型数理逻辑支持下的可替代意义。工作回归元的不同导致结构式方程分阶段最小二乘估计的不同结果,之于恰好识别方程则揭示了业内关于间接最小二乘估计方法的一个误区。