混凝土碱骨料反应浅析

<正>混凝土碱骨料反应是混凝土原材料中的水泥、外加剂、混合材和水中的碱(Na2O或K2O)与骨料中的活性成分发生的反应。混凝土碱骨料反应对建筑物的危害很大,此反应会在混凝土浇     

混疑土碱骨料反应浅析

混凝土碱骨料反应是混凝土原材料中的水泥、外加剂、混合材和水中的碱（Na20或K20）与骨料中的活性成分发生的反应。混凝土碱骨料反应对建筑物的危害很大，此反应会在混凝土浇筑成型后若干年逐渐进行，反应后的生成物吸水膨胀使混凝土产生内部应力。从而膨胀开裂使混凝土失去设计性能。     

重盐碱地区钢筋混凝土结构腐蚀原因分析与防腐措施

本文介绍了在重盐碱地区混凝土腐蚀的主要因素,氯化物的侵蚀、碱-骨料反应等因素。并在分析原因的基础上论述了基本的防腐措施,主要有添加钢筋阻锈剂、喷涂环氧树脂、改善施工工艺、介绍工程实例等方法。通过防腐措施可以有效改善混凝土结构物使用的耐久性和安全性。     

浅谈碱骨料在水工混凝土中反应的预防

水泥中的碱与骨料中的活性成分发生反应，由于活性骨料在混凝土拌制中大体呈均匀分布，所以一旦发生碱骨料反应，混凝土内部产生膨胀应力，对混凝土的破坏将是严重的。     

小议影响混凝土结构耐久性的因素及改善措施

介绍了混凝土结构的耐久性的概念,从常见的混凝土耐久性破坏如冻融破坏、渗透破坏、碱骨料反应、混凝土的碳化和化学侵蚀这五个方面对混凝土结构发生耐久性失效的原因及影响因素进行简单分析和介绍,并提出了提高混凝土结构耐久性的措施。     

混凝土裂缝控制技术在闸室工程中的应用

裂缝是混凝土建筑物主要的老化病害之一,主要由干缩、砼自身质量、水泥水化热、温度、钢筋锈蚀、地基变形、荷载、碱骨料反应、地基冻胀等引起。     

浅谈混凝土的施工温度与裂缝

一、裂缝的原因 混凝土中产生裂缝有多种原因,主要是温度和湿度的变化,混凝土的脆性和不均匀性,以及结构不合理,原材料不合格(如碱骨料反应),模板变形,基础不均匀沉降等.     

复掺粉煤灰和矿渣对高性能混凝土抑制骨料碱活性效能及其强度的影响研究

在这次实际研究的过程中,主要使用正交试验的方式进行分析,获取最终的试验结果。主要在以往的工艺方式之下,分析粉煤灰材料以及粒化类型高炉矿渣在实际施工中的应用情况,了解具体的性能影响特点,明确骨料的碱活性抑制情况,为后续的施工提供帮助。     

高碱混凝土影响建筑寿命

混凝土是现代建筑的基本材料,在使用混凝土时,人们普遍注意的是高强度、高标号,很少有人强调它的含碱量问题。但是在中国工程院最近举行的一次研讨会上,化工、冶金与材料工程原部的几位院士以大量的事例与研究报告说明,高碱混凝土使建筑物出现开裂破坏,使用寿命缩短。专家们提供的事例触目惊心。北京市的三元立交桥建成于1984年,在80年代末已发现开裂,目前盖梁及桥台开裂十分严重,裂缝宽度最大已达1.4厘米。有关部门不得不采取措施将桥墩扩大以支撑悬臂盖梁。三元桥的水泥用量每立方米约300至400公斤,使用北京地区含碱较高的砾石做集料,施工中为了防冻剂和缩短凝固时间,又掺人了防冻剂和早强剂,使部分混凝土中碱的含量高达每立方米15公斤。碱与混凝土骨料中的某些成分发生反应,从而导致混凝土的膨胀开裂与破坏,专家们把这种反应叫做碱集料反应。     

提取啤酒废酵母中β-葡聚糖的工艺研究

采用自溶-酶-碱法对啤酒废酵母中的β-葡聚糖进行提取,分别对酶用量、酶添加时间、碱液浓度和反应温度进行研究,确定了最佳提取工艺.结果表明:在自溶6h后,添加0.8%的木瓜蛋白酶,碱提时碱液浓度为2%,温度为80℃,β-葡聚糖粗糖得率10.41%,β-葡聚糖含量83.84%.     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.