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1.
In this paper we propose a target efficiency DEA model that allows for the inclusion of environmental variables in a one stage model while maintaining a high degree of discrimination
power. The model estimates the impact of managerial and environmental factors on efficiency simultaneously. A decomposition
of the overall technical efficiency into two components, target efficiency and environmental efficiency, is derived. Estimation
of target efficiency scores requires the solution of a single large non-linear optimization problem and provides both a joint
estimation of target efficiency scores from all DMUs and an estimation of a common scalar expressing the environmental impact
on efficiency for each environmental factor. We argue that if the indices on environmental conditions are constructed as the
percentage of output with certain attributes present, then it is reasonable to let all reference DMUs characterized by a composed
fraction lower than the fraction of output possessing the attribute of the evaluated DMU enter as potential dominators. It
is shown that this requirement transforms the cone-ratio constraints on intensity variables in the BM-model (Banker and Morey
1986) into endogenous handicap functions on outputs. Furthermore, a priori information or general agreements on allowable handicap values can be incorporated into
the model along the same lines as specifications of assurance regions in standard DEA.
相似文献
O. B. OlesenEmail: |
2.
A Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) cost minimization model is employed to estimate the cost to thrift institutions of achieving a rating of ‘outstanding’ under the anti-redlining Community Reinvestment Act, which is viewed as an act of voluntary Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). There is no difference in overall cost efficiency between ‘outstanding’ and minimally compliant ‘satisfactory’ thrifts. However, the sources of cost inefficiency do differ, and an ‘outstanding’ rating involves annual extra cost of $6.547 million or, 1.2% of total costs. This added cost is the shadow price of CSR since it is not an explicit output or input in the DEA cost model. Before and after-tax rates of return are the same for the ‘outstanding’ and ‘satisfactory’ thrifts, which implies a recoupment of the extra cost. The findings are consistent with CSR as a management choice based on balancing marginal cost and marginal revenue. An incidental finding is that larger thrifts are less efficient.
相似文献
Donald F. VitalianoEmail: Phone: +1-518- 276-8093 |
3.
In this paper, we address the question of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) evaluation of efficiency when aggregate cost or
revenue data must be used. We show that the DEA technical inefficiency measure using total revenues as the single output variable
or total costs as the single input variable equals the aggregate technical and allocative inefficiency. We employ this result
to estimate allocative inefficiency and construct statistical tests of the null hypothesis of no allocative inefficiency analogous
to those of the null hypothesis of no scale inefficiency. We illustrate our method using revenue and personnel data for the
top U.S. public accounting firms over 1995–1998. Our empirical results indicate the existence of statistically significant
allocative inefficiency in the public accounting industry.
相似文献
Ram NatarajanEmail: |
4.
Efficient frontier estimation: a maximum entropy approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
An alternative efficiency estimation approach is developed utilizing generalized maximum entropy (GME). GME combines the strengths
of both SFA and DEA, allowing for the estimation of a frontier that is stochastic, without making an ad hoc assumption about
the distribution of the efficiency component. GME results approach SFA results as the one-sided inefficiency bounds used by
GME shrink. Results similar to DEA are achieved as the bounds increase. The GME results are distributed like DEA, but yield
virtually the same rankings as SFA. The results suggest that GME may provide a link between various estimators of efficiency.
相似文献
Jon RezekEmail: |
5.
Victor V. Podinovski 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2009,32(1):21-26
The assumption of full proportionality is incorporated in the constant returns-to-scale (CRS) technology and allows for proportional
scaling of inputs and outputs of production units. The assumption of selective proportionality was recently incorporated in
the hybrid returns-to-scale (HRS) technology in which only a subset of outputs is proportional to a subset of inputs. In this
paper we develop a production technology that exhibits both the full and selective proportionality at the same time. Real
examples of such technology are pointed out. Subject to certain conditions, the DEA models based on this technology provide
better discrimination than the CRS and HRS models.
相似文献
Victor V. PodinovskiEmail: |
6.
This paper is an attempt to understand the impact of public R&D and public infrastructure on the performance of the U.S. agricultural
sector during the last part of the twentieth century. A neoclassical Solow growth model is not sufficient for this understanding
given the sustained growth performance of the sector. We base our analysis on a well-known endogenous growth model, the ‘AK
model’ where non-convexities are introduced through non-rival inputs. Based on these models and within the dynamic models
that rationalize private and public decision making, we have identified three testable hypotheses regarding the aggregate
agricultural production technology. They are: (1) increasing returns to scale over all inputs; (2) positive effect of additional
units of public inputs on the long-run demand for private capital; and (3) negative impact of public inputs on cost. They
are tested using two estimation procedures on two data sets for U.S. agriculture. One, covering the period 1948–1994, developed
by USDA, the other, covering the period 1926–1990, from Thirtle et al. Maximum likelihood estimates do not conform to the
regularity and behavioral properties of the economic model rendering them unusable for testing these hypotheses. Bayesian
estimates, although not totally satisfactory, do not reject the hypotheses after prior imposition of some of the regularity
conditions. This supports the notion of an important role for public inputs on the rapid and sustained growth of the sector.
We calculate that, on average, one additional dollar spent on public R&D stock reduces private cost by $6.5, implying a return
on these public expenses of 190%.
相似文献
Lilyan E. FulginitiEmail: |
7.
We here critique the articles by Dmitruk & Koshevoy (1991, J Econ Theory 55:121–144) and by Bol (1986, J Econ Theory 38:380–385)
by showing how to solve the examples they erected to show the non-existence of functions for evaluating performance efficiencies
in DEA. We also show that functions satisfying these criteria—and other important criteria as well—were already available
prior to the publications of D&K and by Bol and have since been greatly extended to increase the power and scope of DEA.
相似文献
J. ZhuEmail: |
8.
The cost of strikes in the Spanish mining sector: modelling an undesirable input with a distance function 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Ana Rodríguez-Álvarez Ignacio del Rosal José Baños-Pino 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2007,27(1):73-83
In some contexts, firms have to deal with certain elements or factors that affect the production outcome but which are non-market
in nature and therefore do not have a price. In this paper we propose a new use of a production economics tool, the input
distance function, to empirically measure the effects of these factors. Although we suggest a general use of this methodology,
it has been developed in the context of measuring the effects of labor disputes in a particular declining industry, that of
Spanish coal mining. We have estimated an equation system comprising an input distance function and cost share equations to
calculate the cost generated by strikes.
相似文献
Ana Rodríguez-álvarezEmail: |
9.
Cevdet A. Denizer Mustafa Dinc Murat Tarimcilar 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2007,27(3):177-195
This paper examines the banking efficiency in a pre- and post-liberalization environment by drawing on the Turkish experience
by using DEA. The paper also investigates the scale effect on efficiency. Our findings suggest that liberalization programs
were followed by an observable decline in efficiency. Another finding of the study is that the Turkish banking system had
a serious scale problem during the study period. The second part of our analysis relied on econometric methods and found that
one major reason for such system-wide efficiency decline has been the growing macroeconomic instability of the Turkish economy
in general and financial sector in particular.
相似文献
Mustafa DincEmail: |
10.
This article generalizes production risk from a single output production function to a multiple output cost frontier, which is able to examine input-oriented technical efficiencies and production risk simultaneously in the context of a panel data. Furthermore, the joint confidence interval estimates for technical efficiencies are constructed by means of multiple comparisons with the best approach. Whether taking production risk into account or not offers quite dissimilar implications in terms of the average technical efficiency measure and the identification of multiple efficient banks achieving the optimal cost frontier. It is suggested that inferences drawn on the basis of the confidence intervals of technical efficiency provide much more fruitful and insightful information than the point estimation alone. Bank specific risk parameters are found to be highly and positively correlated with fixed-effect estimates, implying that the more risk-averse a bank is, the more technically efficient it will be.
相似文献
Tong-Liang KaoEmail: |
11.
Patrick M. Bernet Michael D. Rosko Vivian G. Valdmanis Anatoly Pilyavsky William E. Aaronson 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2008,29(2):103-111
Ukraine’s recent elections revealed deep divisions between eastern regions, which favored central economic planning, and western
regions, which preferred more free market reforms. This study compares polyclinics in Ukraine to see if the inflexibility
of Soviet-style planned economies results in lower economic efficiency in eastern regions. Using data from two geopolitical
regions, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) scores for polyclinic efficiencies are modeled as a function of demographic and economic
determinants. Surprisingly, results indicate that polyclinics in western Ukraine are less efficient. Possible explanations,
including case mix intensity, responsiveness to local preferences, physician entrepreneurial behavior and a legacy of inequitable
funding, are discussed.
相似文献
Vivian G. ValdmanisEmail: |
12.
Economic assumptions and choice of functional forms: comparison of top down and bottom up approaches
Hang Keun Ryu 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2009,32(1):55-62
Two alternative model building approaches are analyzed and compared. The general to specific modeling (top down approach)
starts with a general model and subjects it to a sequence of restrictions to determine an acceptable specific model. This
approach can start with a series expansion and the concavity or homotheticity conditions can be imposed to modify it into
a cost or a production function. The simple to general modeling (bottom up approach) starts with a well known simple model
and extends it until a complete system is formed. This approach can start with a Cobb-Douglas function (which satisfies the
concavity and homogeneity conditions) and extends it to include the desired complexity. Relative advantages and disadvantages
of the two approaches are discussed and tabulated. The electricity generation data is applied to compare the performance of
these two approaches.
相似文献
Hang Keun RyuEmail: |
13.
Measuring performance in the presence of stochastic demand for hospital services: an analysis of Belgian general care hospitals 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Mike Smet 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2007,27(1):13-29
Since demand for hospital services is subject to substantial variability, the relationship between uncertain demand, excess
capacity, hospital costs and performance should be investigated thoroughly. In this paper a waiting time indicator to proxy
hospital standby capacity is incorporated into a multi-product translog cost function for Belgian general care hospitals.
The indicator is derived from queuing theory and improves on the conventionally used (inverse of the) occupancy rate. The
multi-product stochastic frontier specification allows calculation of cost elasticities and marginal cost of seven hospital
departments, as well as the degree of economies of scale and scope and enables identification of differences in efficiency.
相似文献
Mike SmetEmail: |
14.
Partial derivatives of production functions are necessary in many instances to characterize the technology of firms. We present here a general method to recover the first derivatives of the production function of a profit maximizing firm. The method is systematic and applies even when the optimization problem of the firm is subject to additional constraints. It allows researcher to recover returns to scale and technological progress in complex situations.
相似文献
Stéphane VigeantEmail: |
15.
This study measures productivity growth on Irish dairy farms over the period 1984–2000. A total factor productivity index
is constructed for the dairy system and is decomposed into technical change, efficiency change, and changes in scale efficiency.
This is achieved by estimating a stochastic output distance function model of the production technology in use on Irish dairy
farms. Overall, productivity on Irish dairy farms grew by 1.2% per annum over the sample period.
相似文献
Alan Matthews (Corresponding author)Email: |
16.
O. B. Olesen 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2006,26(2):103-119
This paper presents a comparison of two different models (Land et al (1993) and
Olesen and Petersen (1995)), both designed to extend DEA to the case of stochastic inputs and outputs. The two models constitute
two approaches within this area, that share certain characteristics. However, the two models behave very differently, and
the choice between these two models can be confusing. This paper presents a systematic attempt to point out differences as
well as similarities. It is demonstrated that the two models under some assumptions do have Lagrangian duals expressed in
closed form. Similarities and differences are discussed based on a comparison of these dual structures. Weaknesses of the
each of the two models are discussed and a merged model that combines attractive features of each of the two models is proposed.
相似文献
O. B. OlesenEmail: |
17.
Dag Fjeld Edvardsen Finn R. Førsund Sverre A. C. Kittelsen 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2008,29(3):201-210
A method is presented for classifying strongly efficient units in DEA as interior or exterior, and as self-evaluators or active
peers. The exterior strongly efficient units are found by running the enveloping procedure “from below”. There is no firm
production-function evidence of the efficiency of exterior self-evaluators. Interior self-evaluators are more likely to have
active peers as neighbours in more directions and may therefore represent technology. When performing a second stage regression
analysis of efficiency scores, exterior self-evaluators should be removed. The proportion of exterior active peers also provides
information on whether the variable specification is supported by the data.
相似文献
Sverre A. C. KittelsenEmail: |
18.
Wendy Chapple Richard Harris Catherine J. Morrison Paul 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2006,26(3):245-258
Manufacturing produces both good and “bad” outputs, such as waste, which have negative environmental effects. Economic (e.g., tax) and non-economic (e.g., reputation) incentives encourage firms to reduce waste. However, such practices are costly because decreases in output produced or increases in inputs used may accompany waste reduction. We employ a cost function approach to evaluate patterns of output and waste production and capital, labor, and materials use, for UK manufacturing plants. We find that costs of waste reduction generally imply increasing materials use and capital and labor input saving, but vary by county, region, and industry.
相似文献
Wendy ChappleEmail: |
19.
Opening the black box: Finding the source of cost inefficiency 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Santiago Carbó Valverde David B. Humphrey Rafael López del Paso 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2007,27(3):209-220
Parametric and nonparametric procedures are used to identify the apparent source of cost inefficiency in banking. Inefficiencies
of 20–25% from earlier studies are reduced to 1–5% when, in addition to commonly specified cost function influences, variables
reflecting banks’ external business environment and industry indicators of “productivity” are added. These productivity indicators
explain most of the reduction in bank operating cost over 1992–2001 and was 5 times the reduction in the dispersion of inefficiency.
Inefficiency appears stable over time because it is small relative to industry-wide cost changes occurring concurrently and
because technology dispersion is imperfect.
相似文献
David B. HumphreyEmail: |
20.
Subal C. Kumbhakar Luis Orea Ana Rodríguez-Álvarez Efthymios G. Tsionas 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2007,27(2):87-100
In this paper, we estimate parametric input and output distance functions and discuss how to estimate a mixture/latent class
model (LCM) involving the output and input distance functions in the context of multi-input and multi-output production technology.
The proposed technique is applied to a panel data on European Railways (1971–1994). This model allows us to identify determinants
of the efficiency orientation, thereby providing useful information that can help researchers to choose between the input
and the output-oriented approaches. In addition, we develop cross-indices that can be used to compute input (output) technical
inefficiency from the estimates of output (input) distance function.
相似文献
Subal C. KumbhakarEmail: |