节能案例研究2(国家经贸委节能信息传播中心发布)蓄热器在蒸汽系统中的应用

130m3变压式蒸汽蓄热器 案例研究目的 通过对实际项目的研究,着重从理论、应用、市场潜力及经济效益等方面分析在蒸汽系统中采用蓄热器的可行性和必要性.     

蓄热器在蒸汽系统中的应用

案例研究目的 通过对实际项目的研究,着重从理论、应用、市场潜力及经济效益等方面分析在蒸汽系统中采用蓄热器的可行性和必要性。     

太阳能热动力发电系统中高温热管式吸热/蓄热器技术研究

介绍了近年来热管式吸热/蓄热器的研制情况,分析了热管式吸热/蓄热器的结构原理,认为热管式吸热器不仅能改善温度均匀性,而且能有效利用相变材料,这使得吸热器的热性能和质量得到明显改善,可成为新一代太阳能热动力系统重点研制的对象,并指明了研制热管式吸热/蓄热器需解决的几个关键问题。     

锅炉再循环管加装保护套管的必要性及实施

对于采用不可分式省煤器的中高压锅炉 ,为了防止锅炉点火时省煤器被烧坏 ,一般都在汽包和省煤器给水入口之间装设再循环管。再循环管与汽包之间过去只用一般的管座连接 ,该管座经常受到较大的热交变应力 ,影响设备寿命。目前锅炉制造厂家对此已有改进 ,对锅炉再循环管座都采用装设保护套管的结构。但 2 0世纪 80年代末以前出厂的一部分在用锅炉没有保护套管 ,从而成为锅炉安全运行的隐患。一、再循环管的作用图 1锅炉在启动和压火期间 ,锅炉的给水是间断的 ,省煤器内部的水可能会汽化 ,如产生的蒸汽停滞不动 ,则可能引起该处的管壁温度超温 …     

SVC静补装置在广西电网中的应用

本文通过SVC电力系统静态无功补偿装置的原理及技术特点,结合南方电网、广西电网的电压现状及存在问题,对在广西电网装设SVC静补装置进行了技术论证,证明在广西电网装设SVC静补装置是可行的,是有理论依据的,对提高广西电网的电压水平具有重要意义。     

“基建＋安监”保障项目施工安全

今年8月份,河池网区查处了一起基建项目外施工单位严重违章事件,是今年该网区第一起严重及以上的违章现象,违章原因是某电建公司施工人员装设接地线前未验电且装设时未佩戴绝缘手套。当月,共查处了7起基建项目违章行为。     

金陵供电人的南网情怀

正东方破晓,天刚蒙蒙亮,在南宁供电局金陵供电所的一角,站着十来个人。"A组负责操作高峰Ⅰ07开关、高峰Ⅱ07开关,装设01、02号接地线,B组负责操作江平Ⅰ02开关、江平Ⅱ02开关,装设03、04号接地线,C组负责操作高峰Ⅰ02开关、高峰Ⅱ02开关,装设05、06号接地线,各组操作完毕之后,在江平支T接主干线处汇合……"原来,这是南宁供电局金陵供电所辖区     

论电气主接线与装设发电机出口断路器的关系

实践证明,装设发电机出口断路器模块与电气主接线连接之后,会大大提升安全性,同时也便于尤其的维修和体验,节约大量的投资费用,并提高发电系统的可用率,综合比较,其性能要强于非装设发电机出口断路器的电气主接线。结合我国发电系统来说,主要采用燃煤发电机组、联合循环发电机组以及抽水蓄能发电机组等,为了避免出现中间负荷的尖峰状态,应该采用发电机出口装设断路器的模块式接线。本文以下结合这一问题进行研究,针对改进发电机组运行操作方式进行讨论,并提出应用、推广的建议。     

变电站电压无功自动控制装置在平阳变电站的应用

分析北海电网的潮流、无功、电压状况,提出在平阳变电所装设电压无功自动投切装置的必要性,研究了自动装置的功能和控制原理.     

蒸汽压力对蒸汽喷射泵凝结水率的影响研究及应用

蒸汽喷射泵是一种以蒸汽为动力源的机械设备。蒸汽作为一种能源，普遍应用在化工、冶金等诸多行业中。文章研究了蒸汽喷射泵的基本原理，阐述蒸汽喷射泵在车间的运行现状，探究泵在运行过程中蒸汽压力对凝结水率的影响规律，在满足企业生产的凝结水率要求下，通过实验优选出合理的蒸汽压力范围，压力值在0.692～0.775 MPa(表压，下同)之间，凝结水率不高于10%，达到了企业生产要求，降低了后期对凝结水的处理成本。     

酶在超临界流体中催化作用的研究

结合酶及酶催化反应的特点及酶的反应介质,对酶在超临界流体中的催化作用和影响酶的稳定性因素,如反应流体、系统含水量、温度和压力、传质、夹带剂、载体等进行了论述,并展望了超临界酶催化技术的发展和应用前景。     

Inventory ordering policies of delayed deteriorating items under permissible delay in payments

The existing literature on inventory of deteriorating items considers deterioration to begin as soon as the items are stocked. However, there are several deteriorating items that do not start deteriorating immediately they are held in stock. Some farm produce like potatoes, yams and even some fruits and vegetables have this property. Depletion of these items as soon as they are stocked will depend on demand, and when deterioration begins, it will depend on both demand and deterioration. In this paper, we develop a mathematical model on the inventory of deteriorating items that do not start deteriorating immediately they are stocked. The model also takes into cognizance the fact that in business activities nowadays customers are given some allowed period within which to settle for the goods supplied to them. They can use the accrued money from sales of the supplied goods to earn interest within the allowed period. They are charged interest only when they fail to settle the amount they owe the supplier at the end of the allowed period.     

Customer accounting and customer profitability analysis for the order handling industry—A managerial accounting approach

Market-oriented businesses are concerned with customer satisfaction and business profitability, both in the longer term. Thus the marketing managers need updated decision-relevant information (marketing metrics) with respect to the set of processes that are leading to customer values and economic customer values. The attention of this study is focused on the profitability aspects of marketing. The context is the business-to-business order-handling industry, i.e. four exporting companies and 176 of their customers in 36 various markets. A market-oriented accounting framework that can be included as a natural part of a managerial accounting system is introduced and discussed, and financial reports as well as graphic representations and key figures for various levels of a market hierarchy are presented. The findings with respect to the profitability of orders, customers and markets are presented and the managerial implications are discussed.     

Managing tensions in coopetition

Tensions are natural in coopetitive business relationships that simultaneously involve cooperation and competition. The purpose of this study is to investigate how tensions are managed in coopetitive business relationships and examine the potential outcomes of the management of such tensions. The study will focus on various kinds of coopetitive relationships and how the management of the different tensions produces specific outcomes. The empirical study is based on comparative case study research on coopetitive business networks that features two different kinds of cases. The findings of the study contribute to coopetition research by identifying several new perspectives on tensions. Different levels of cooperation and competition in a coopetitive relationship as well as other underlying issues cannot alone determine tensions, but aspects such as the management of tensions are crucial. Most tensions are managed by using styles of competition and avoidance and result in mixed outcomes, which implies both positive and negative perceptions.     

改性直接染料染真丝绸研究

对直接染料耐酸大红进行了接枝环氧丙基改性及染色研究,结果表明:改性后耐酸大红染料可以在酸性条件下对丝绸上染,上染率和固色率大幅度上升。在pH3,上染率和固色率达到83.23%和63.50%。最佳固色温度:90℃,最佳固色时间:40min,水洗牢度达到4～5级。表明对直接染料进行环氧丙基改性对提高丝绸的上染率和固色率以及色牢度具有良好的效果。     

Unrelated parallel machine scheduling with setup consideration and a total weighted completion time objective

This paper addresses the problem of scheduling a set of independent jobs on unrelated parallel machines with job sequence dependent setup times so as to minimize a weighted mean completion time. The study of the problem stemmed from a real service industry problem. This problem is at least NP-hard in the ordinary sense, even when there are only two identical machines with no setups. Seven heuristic algorithms are proposed and tested by simulation. The results and analysis of quite extensive computational experiments are reported and discussed. The findings through the computational results are presented. Whether this problem is strongly NP-hard is left as an open question.     

Redundancies in Chinese State Enterprises: A Research Report

This article examines how the problem of surplus labor isbeing dealt with in some of China's state-owned enterprises. Primarily using interview data from the period 1995-1997, as well as published sources, the article looks at the main methods employed by large state-owned enterprises to reduce the level of surplus labor in their workforce. It also considers how smaller state-owned enterprises are coping in an era where mergers, closures, and bankruptcies are becoming much more common as a means of dealing with loss-making firms, resulting in widespread redundancies in the state-owned enterpriseworkforce. The article illustrates that the potential political repercussions of job losses, as well as direct intervention by local authorities, continue to hinder the freedom of enterprise management to adjust employment levels in the interests of efficiency and productivity. The article also notes the importance of how decisions about downsizing and redundancy are communicated and justified to employees if resistance and social instability are to be minimized. The employment treatment of production workers will be considered separately from that of cadres, since these two groups are subject to different employment regulations and political constraints.     

Third-Degree Price Discrimination With Interdependent Demands

This paper analyzes the price, output, and welfare effects of third-degree price discrimination for a monopolist who sells in two interdependent markets. The case where the two goods sold by the monopolist are complements is analyzed as well as the more typical case where the two goods are substitutes. The economic effects of price discrimination are shown to depend on the type and strength of demand interdependence, the curvature of the demands and the slope of marginal cost. The circumstances under which price discrimination causes both market prices to either rise or fall are also analyzed.     

A marginal analysis guided technology evaluation and selection

Making decisions on strategic investments, such as early stage manufacturing technology (MT), is a complicated task. Early stage technologies are usually costly, and surrounded by uncertainty. The potential benefits are often hard to quantify prior to implementation. Thus, how could managers make good decisions in a high-risk, technically complex business when the information they need to make those decisions comes largely from the project champions who are competing against one another for resources? Traditionally, in this problem domain, decisions are made based upon gut-feeling and past experience, sometimes with the support of some multi-criteria decision-support tools. The criteria evaluation process is very subjective and relies heavily on managers’ experience, knowledge, as well as intuition. Thus, the evaluation approach is often not effectively carried out as there is lack of visibility and traceability in the decision making process. The impact of this scenario is that managers are not confident that resources are being optimised and applied to a mixed portfolio of projects to maximise benefits. This paper proposes a marginal analysis directed branch and bound approach for evaluating and selecting early stage manufacturing technology (MT) projects. A case study is used to demonstrate the application of the proposed approach. Implications of the proposed approach to practitioners and academia are discussed and future research outlined.     

国际石油买卖FOB合同与航次租约的衔接问题

大部分国际石油贸易通过海上运输完成交易,这涉及石油买卖合同与海运租约。这两份合同指向同一笔交易,为实现同一个商业目的;但二者又彼此独立,且签约主体各异,分别受合同法与海商法规制。两份合同紧密联系又相互区别的特征,决定了二者应保持良好的协调性,但是石油贸易商在实务中经常会碰到不易协调的各种困扰。国际石油买卖合同与租约在衔接上的问题包括法律术语借用、装货期限的匹配、船舶滞期费的衔接、提单数量的确认、“安全港口”义务、人为操控计价期、不可抗力、船舶亏舱、法律适用和争议解决、船舶侵权等等问题。本文在分析这些问题的同时尽可能提出应对办法,以期有助于石油贸易商防范和控制二者不匹配带来的法律风险。