国内非API油套管质量现状浅谈

对目前国内非API油套管生产质量进行了介绍,重点就采购、生产、质量监督中发现的问题进行了说明。非API油套问题涉及产品的质量稳定性、产品外协、无损检测、交货周期等。并结合存在的问题,就客户如何在采购非API油套管中降低质量风险提出了一些建议。     

我国非API油套管现状分析及驻厂监造难点与对策

介绍了非API油套管种类及特点,通过对我国非API油套管的现状和发展趋势的分析,阐述了驻厂监造的难点,并提出了建议.指出,驻厂监造是保证油套管质量的一种有效方式,应尽快建立系统的产品、应用以及评价标准的非API油套管标准体系.     

胜利油田油套管质量情况现状分析

针对油套管质量问题,从生产、使用、检验等方面进行了调研,查明油套管质量下滑原因,提出了建立健全进入中国石化各油田的油套管市场企业的准入机制,规范采购行为;全面开展重点产品的驻厂监造工作,制定切实可行的补充技术要求,满足特殊工况要求;加强管理部门、设计部门、采购部门、生产企业和油田最终用户的技术交流、协商;加大管理力度,增强风险责任意识,提高检验能力的建议。     

全尺寸评价方法标准化 提升油套管质量水平

油套管产品在油气勘探开发及生产过程中发挥着重要的作用,油套管产品质量的好坏直接关系着油气田的生产成本及使用寿命。通过分析油套管产品的使用现状,论述了油套管全尺寸评价标准在控制、提升油套管质量方面的重要作用。在分析、研究国际标准、油田工况、失效案例、科研成果的基础上,实现油套管全尺寸评价方法标准化,填补了我国油套管质量控制领域全尺寸评价标准的空白。全尺寸评价方法标准在油气田及生产厂推广实施情况表明,应用全尺寸性能评价标准,能够实现对油套管质量的全面控制,提升油套管产品质量,对油气勘探开发事业的发展具有重要的经济及社会意义。     

非API油井管的发展及质量控制方式

随着石油勘探开采条件的日益复杂和严酷,油井管服役环境也越来越苛刻,为了适应不同工况的需求,国内外油井管制造公司相继开发了不同使用用途的非API油井管。介绍了目前国内外主要的非API油井管种类、服役工况、使用特点及存在的问题,并结合我国油田实际工况条件,提出了新形势下非API油井管的质量控制方式:通过订货技术标准提出质量指标要求、通过驻厂监造落实质量指标、通过全尺寸评价试验验证油套管质量是否符合订货技术标准、通过下井应用跟踪验证订货技术标准是否合理等,以确保油井管的产品质量。     

油套管螺纹自动检测技术研究

油套管在石油的生产过程中发挥着重要的作用,油套管螺纹连接部分是油套管的薄弱环节,如果油套管螺纹发生破坏将会导致脱扣、泄露、粘扣等问题,严重的影响到油田正常的生产。因此需要加强油管螺纹质量的监控研究,减少油套管因为螺纹质量问题而造成的事故。文章分析了油田油套管螺纹检测的现状,通过利用计算机技术,提出了一种油田油套管螺纹自动检测技术,介绍了该装置的组成和工作原理。通过研究对于提高油田油套管螺纹检测的质量和效率具有重要的意义。     

油套管磁法监测技术研究

随着油田油水井的不断增多,油田生产用到的油套管数量增多,油套管的质量问题是保证油田正常生产的关键问题,油套管的缺陷探伤是保证套管质量的重要方法。现阶段油套管的测量一般都是在地面进行单管测量,测量的时间长、成本高。文章研究分析,提出了一种新型的磁法监测技术,不用将油管取出,可以直接进行油套管的监测,文中介绍了该技术的工作原理,通过试验分析了油套管磁法监测技术的效果。通过研究提高了油套管的监测的效率,降低了监测成本。     

石油机械产品API标准的内涵与应用

美国石油学会（API）的一项重要任务是推进石油和天然气工业用设备的标准化工作，以确保所用设备的安全、可靠和互换性。APISpecQI，即《石油、石化和天然气工业质量纲要规范》是API标准的基础性要求，所有获得API认证的企业和相关产品必须满足该标准。ISO9001《质量管理体系——要求》与API《石油、石化和天然气工业质量纲要规范》存在一定的关系。具体的石油机械产品必须满足该产品的API技术规范的标准要求。适用于钻井通道设备（防喷器、钻井四通等）的API标准是APISpec16A，即《钻通设备规范》，生产制造企业必须满足《石油、石化和天然气工业质量纲要规范》和《钻通设备规范》的要求才能获得该类产品的API会标认证。产品使用和经营单位一方面应审核生产企业是否通过了所采购产品的API会标产品认证，或者按APIQ1的要求运行质量管理体系；另一方面可派技术人员或委托监理单位按照API标准的要求对产品生产过程进行控制。     

油水井套管损坏根源及治理体系探析

在油田开发过程中,油水井套管的损坏会带来十分严重的工程问题,不仅会影响油田生产工作的正常运行,还会造成较大的经济损失。为促进油田生产工作的顺利开展,本文就油水井套管的损坏根源进行研究探讨,并提出相关治理体系的构建措施,促进相关油田开发单位,结合油田类型对地层、油水井套材质、施工质量等方面提高预防措施,降低油田开发过程中油水井套损坏的现象。     

API SPEC 5CT标准使用中的要点分析

针对API SPEC 5CT标准中PSL1钢管产品要求,采用归纳分类法,从工艺过程方法分类、接箍验收注意问题、两组相似钢级对比、冲击功及加厚油套管拉伸试验几个方面入手,归纳分析了标准使用中需要注意的问题。为标准使用者准确把握产品要求,加深标准理解,解决标准现实使用中存在的问题提供参考。     

Comparing FTTH access networks based on P2P and PMP fibre topologies

There is an ongoing discussion in the market which Next Generation Access (NGA) architecture best suits future needs and which investment and cost differences exist. The discussion can be subsumed as P2P vs. GPON, which is somewhat misleading as this article reveals. The discussion is driven by the fact that the high capital cost and the long asset life time of fibre mean that the technology choices made today will dominate the opportunities for telecommunication business of all market players, incumbents, competitors, content providers and business and residential users for many years in the future.The paper analyzes the cost and other differences between Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH) access network architectures and their related different wholesale approaches by using the well-known and understood steady state approach applied in other NGA analyses in the past. In addition to the steady state analysis a dynamic cost evaluation is included taking into account the different investment behaviour of the FTTH architectures over time. The results describe investment and cost differences between architectures, incumbents and wholesale based competitive operators. The analysis has been performed for different geotypes (clusters) of decreasing population density in a representative European settlement structure.     

Indigenous peoples’ nutrition transition in a right to food perspective

In indigenous communities the nutrition transition characterized by a rapid westernization of diet and lifestyle is associated with rising prevalence of chronic disease. Field work and literature reviews from two different policy environments, Argentina (Jujuy) and Canada (Nunavut), identified factors that add to indigenous peoples’ disease risk. The analytical framework was the emerging human right to adequate food approach to policies and programmes. Indigenous peoples’ chronic disease risk tends to increase as a result of government policies that infringe on indigenous peoples’ livelihoods and territories, undermining their economic system, values and solidarity networks. Policies intended to increase food security, including food aid, may also fuel the nutrition transition. There is a need to explore further the connection between well-intended policies towards indigenous peoples and the development of chronic diseases, and to broaden the understanding of the role that different forms of discrimination play in the westernization of their lifestyles, values and food habits. Food policies that take due account of indigenous peoples’ human rights, including their right to enjoy their culture, may counteract the growth of chronic disease in these communities.     

A strategic skill based model of supplier integration and its effect on supply management performance

Supplier integration is a tool to help organizations gain competitive advantage. Strategic supply management skills and the supply management function's perceived status are hypothesized as antecedents to supplier integration leading to supply management performance. The sample for this study includes 152 executive level supply management professionals. The empirical results suggest that strategic skills and perceived status are essential antecedents to supplier integration and subsequent performance. Further, the relationship between strategic skills and performance is mediated by supplier integration. Results of a dominance analysis also suggest which strategic skills are most likely to explain status integration, and performance. These findings have significant implications for supply management theory and practice.     

Cost allocation of WCDMA and wholesale pricing for mVoIP and data services

This study estimates cost-based prices for wholesale voice and data services provided to 3G (WCDMA) MVNOs according to their distinct types. For estimation, 3G MVNOs are classified into different types, and the overall cost of WCDMA facilities are separated into voice and data components based on their subscriber rates, actual traffic rates, as well as efficiency consideration of traffic rates. The study then calculates cost-based wholesale prices of voice and data services for each of the 3G MVNO types. The result of this study shows that a cost-plus pricing scheme can help achieve the policy goals of the regulator, namely, lowering telecommunications tariffs and facilitating the introduction of new convergent-type services, far more effectively than the current retail-minus pricing scheme. The findings of this study may assist firms in developing business models based on 3G networks and telecom regulators in designing policies related to interconnection, mVoIP, prepaid calls, wholesale services, and network neutrality.     

Collectivism,individualism, and outgroup cooperation in a segmented China

A consistent theme in cross-cultural management research is that collectivists are more cooperative than individualists. We use Hofstede's measure for individualism–collectivism and combine it with an experimental measure of cooperation to test this relationship in China. In contrast to the established paradigm, we find that groups with higher individualistic scores are more cooperative than those groups with higher collectivistic scores. We attribute these results to groups being composed of outgroup members. In addition, we find that subjects from the more developed coastal area are more individualistic and cooperative than are subjects from inland China.

电子产品的电磁兼容性设计

首先介绍电磁兼容性的基本概念与研究领域,然后重点阐述电子产品的电磁兼容性设计与测量。     

SPYRO在烯烃原料生产方案测算中的应用

文章对SPYRO裂解模拟软件在石化企业烯烃生产原料优化方案测算中的应用进行了比较深度的概括分析.结合该软件在上海石化的实际应用,认为在劣质化原油加工份额不断增加的趋势下,SPYRO裂解模拟软件有助于石化企业在烯烃生产原料优化选择、生产计划合理安排、原油加工生产效益比较等方面为企业相关决策者提供有效地帮助.     

施工企业工程项目部的建设浅论

工程项目的一次性决定了工程项目部的一次性，而工程项目成本中心与企业利润中心地位又辱致工程项目部的临时性，在工程项目实践过程中，项目经理部的一次性在实现其功能的过程中可能会产生很多局限和负面影响，故项目部应具有相对的稳定性，在此基础上，本对工程项目部建设实践进行了初步总结并提出了建议。     

European consumer preferences for beef with nutrition and health claims: A multi-country investigation using discrete choice experiments

The European Union (EU) nutrition labelling policy aims to facilitate consumers’ food choice, stimulate innovation and facilitate the circulation of foods bearing claims across countries. However, the beef industry has not fully taken advantage of utilizing nutrition and health claims based on the EU nutrition labelling policy to differentiate beef products in the market. This study investigates consumer preferences for nutrition and health claims on lean beef steak. Two choice experiments were conducted among 2400 beef consumers in four EU countries (Belgium, France, the Netherlands, United and United Kingdom). Multinomial logit and error component models were estimated. Our results generally suggest that consumer valuation of nutritional and health claims varies across countries. In Belgium, the Netherlands and France, nutrition and health claims on saturated fat yielded higher utilities than claims on protein and/or iron, while the opposite was found among consumers in the UK. The results imply that marketing opportunities related to nutrition and health claims on beef are promising, but that different nutritional marketing strategies are necessary within different countries.     

Social media as a useful tool in food risk and benefit communication? A strategic orientation approach

Although considerable progress has been made in understanding the determinants of risk perception and in identifying the necessary components of effective food risk and benefit communication, this has not been matched with the development of efficient and appropriate communication tools. Little work has been done examining the implications of the explosion of new media and web technologies, which may offer potential for improving food risk and benefit communication. First, this study examines the views of stakeholders (n = 38) and experts (n = 33) in the food domain on the potential use of these emerging media for food risk/benefit communication. Based on in-depth interviews in six European countries (Belgium, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Spain and The Netherlands), strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of social media in food risk and benefit communication were identified. Second, a Strategic Orientation Round (SOR) was used to evaluate the relative importance of the SWOT components according to stakeholders (n = 10) and experts (n = 13). Results show that both stakeholders and experts confirm a future role of social media in food risk and benefit communication. Strengths as speed, accessibility and interaction make social media an interesting tool in crisis communication or issue awareness raising. Weaknesses as the lack of a filter, low trust, the risk of information overload and a communication preference for traditional media are acknowledged.