武汉:外包双核化的开始

武汉对软件外包的趋之若鹜,代表着中国外包业"一线城市承接,二线城市实施和交付"的双核化趋势已经形成。     

国际服务外包中的知识产权制度研究

承接国际服务外包能够通过外溢效应快速提升我国服务业水平。服务外包行业具有很高的知识承栽度,我国的知识产权制度体系直接影响到国家和承接企业在国际服务外包中的竞争力。服务外包领域的知识产权制度体系具有经济性、利益平衡性、复杂性和层次性等四个特点,基于这些特点,文章从国家层面、行业协会层面和企业层面提出完善服务外包行业的知识产权制度。     

基于非期望产出SBM模型的长三角地区碳排放效率评价研究

本文将碳排放作为非期望产出，采用非径向、非角度的SBM模型测度了1997～2014年长三角地区的碳排放效率水平，比较了碳排放效率的动态变化，并计算了碳排放效率的改进空间。研究发现：从效率值来看，上海、江苏、浙江的碳排放效率值存在显著差异，上海的碳排放效率均值接近于DEA有效值，且显著高于江苏与浙江。从投入与产出冗余率来看，长三角地区各省市均存在一定程度的冗余，上海的要素投入冗余率最小，能源配置与劳动力配置冗余是造成江苏与浙江碳排放效率低的主要原因。     

对日软件外包产业中的竞争格局与竞争策略研究

在日本参与离岸软件外包的各级软件开发商日益增多的同时,亚洲各国参与承接对日软件外包业务的承包国以及承包企业也在日益增加,参与对日软件外包业务的商业模式也呈多样化趋势,对日软件外包市场的竞争格局日趋激烈和复杂化.通过对对日软件外包产业链中的发包方企业和承包方企业层次结构的分析,试图阐明对日软件外包产业链中日趋复杂的竞争格局并给出相应的竞争策略,为我国对日软件外包企业今后可持续的发展提供参考.     

基于非估计参数的资源型城市绿色经济效率分析研究

推动资源型城市绿色经济发展对经济增长转型、实现经济社会可持续发展具有重要意义。文章通过构建计量模型， 基于非估计参数对资源型城市的绿色经济效率进行研究分析发现： 从绿色经济发展状况来看， 大部分的资源型城市绿色经济效率处于中上游阶段； 从绿色经济的发展可以知道各地区绿色经济水平不均衡， 中部地区绿色经济效率水平较低， 而东、西部地区的绿色经济效率水平相对较高。因此， 需要通过加强城市基础设施建设， 促进要素自由流动， 加快我国资源型城市的发展转型。     

工业集聚与绿色能源效率提升——基于黄河流域的实证分析

黄河流域在工业集聚的过程中同时面临着绿色低碳的高质量发展需求。本文基于2010～2020年黄河流域71个城市的数据样本，运用SDM模型实证检验工业集聚与绿色全要素能源效率的非线性关系。研究发现，工业集聚与本地绿色能源效率存在显著的“倒U型”曲线关系，与周边城市存在“U型”曲线关系；且不同类型城市工业集聚对本地绿色能源效率的影响强度具有异质性，表现为资源型城市>非资源型城市、老工业基地城市>非老工业基地城市；工业集聚对绿色能源效率的影响存在环境规制的双重门槛效应。基于此，应识别工业集聚的不同阶段影响，注重产业错位发展，强化产业互补，深入发挥工业集聚的积极影响，因地制宜，以期提升绿色全要素能源效率，促进黄河流域绿色高质量发展。     

基于变分不等式的物流服务网络业务分配均衡问题研究

物流外包下的多层级物流服务网络业务分配的均衡优化， 有助于整合优势资源， 提升物流服务效率和服务水平。为解决物流服务网络中物流需求市场以及各层级物流服务商之间非合作博弈下的业务分配均衡问题， 本文建立了基于变分不等式的物流服务网络业务分配均衡优化模型， 求得了物流需求市场费用最小化、物流服务商利润最大化条件下， 多级服务网络中的业务分配量和分包价格。通过算例验证了模型的有效性和可行性。     

长三角地区工业碳排放效率时空特征分析

文章使用超效率SBM模型核算了2005—2020年长三角地区21座城市工业及工业重点行业碳排放效率，使用ArcGIS软件分析时空演变特征。研究表明：(1)工业碳排放效率在长三角地区逐步提高，效率值从0.458增长至0.779，工业行业碳排放效率呈上升趋势；(2)工业碳排放效率在区域上整体呈扩大趋势，空间格局呈现分散布局特征，不同工业行业碳排放效率在空间上呈现多极化现象。     

服务质量、关系质量与中国承接离岸服务外包绩效影响因素研究

在文献研究和调研访谈的基础上构建了中国承接离岸服务外包绩效及其影响因素研究模型,并通过对中国离岸服务外包企业的问卷调查数据,对研究模型进行了实证检验和分析.通过对服务质量影响因素模型、伙伴关系质量影响因素模型和外包绩效影响因素模型3个子回归模型的分析,结果显示对外包绩效有主要直接影响的依次是人才资源、政策支撑力度、经济与产业基础以及外包服务质量、伙伴关系质量2个中介因素,而市场竞争能力、技术资源与水平、文化沟通与协作、运营管理主要通过外包服务质量和伙伴关系质量这2个中介因素影响绩效.     

创新电力建设集团商业模式

创新商业模式是指在现代经营管理理论指导下，紧抓企业核心竞争力，利用手中优势资源，大胆将非优势环节外包的商业模式的总称。创新商业模式的关键在于明白企业自身的优势，并着力发展使之成为企业发展的核心竞争力，同时利用市场经济条件下的产业分工体系，通过外包机制使企业轻装上阵。具有代表性的企业有PPG、ALIBABA、雅芳等众多直销企业。     

基于城市视角下新能源汽车产业技术创新效率评价

在能源和环境问题日益凸显的情况下,新能源汽车的发展无疑为我国汽车产业的发展提供了新 的契机。借鉴区域和产业技术创新效率评价研究范式,结合新能源汽车特点,论文有针对性 地选取评价指标,以11个新能源汽车主要推广城市创新数据为基础,在城市视角下应用主成 分分析与DEA的组合方法,定量评价了其技术创新效率。通过对投入产出数据的DEA有效性进 行对比分析,发现这11个城市的整体技术创新效率偏低,主要是受规模效率与纯技术效率交 叉作用影响,且普遍存在新产品开发投入冗余、研发支出投入过多、企业规模不合理和资源 利用效率不高等问题。最后根据分析结果进一步提出了对策建议。     

基于余弦决策法的中小机场通航点选择

机 场的通航点是提高机场吞吐量以及收入的重要因素。通航点选择是一个多指标决策问题。确定指标的权重时,本文采用了信息熵确定法,再利用余弦公式,比较决策方案与理想方案的差异,建立通航点选择的优化模型。通过对无锡机场的案例分析,验证了余弦决策法的有效性,并为中小机场通航点的优化选择提供一种可操作的方法。     

Smart city networks' governance: The Spanish smart city network case study

The governance of smart city networks emerges as a new research area intersecting smart governance and public networks studies. This work aims to contribute to the literature on smart cities governance by studying councillor's governance in complex networks and on network performance. To carry out this analysis, the Spanish Network of Smart Cities (RECI), one of the first of its kind and an international reference for city networks, is reviewed as a case study, with the main objective of establishing a theory on its global innovation capacity and operations, together with the local level spurring influenced on its members. A PEST (Political, Economic, Social and Technological) analysis was carried out in order to assess the impact of the smart city network both at local, national and international level. This research was completed with a consultation carried out among some of RECI's municipalities. The analysis of the results shows how RECI can be considered an example of a well organised network with quantifiable savings for its members, capable of configuring future policies in local administration, necessarily related to efficiency, digitalization and citizen-centricity and with key topics to build the future. The study also suggests recommendations oriented to potential improvements that smart city networks could undertake.     

中国矿业城市经济发展状况分析

本文选择了我国 51个矿业城市 ,以现有统计资料为依据 ,从经济发展水平、产业结构、所有制结构与外向度、经济发展效率、技术进步、财政状况等几个方面系统分析了矿业城市的动态特性、演变规律及其形成的原因。结果显示 ,矿业城市与一般城市之间、不同类型矿业城市之间 ,其经济发展的效益与效率存在很大的差异性。     

Firm enablement through outsourcing: A longitudinal analysis of how outsourcing enables process improvement under financial and competence constraints

The dominant view is that outsourcing is driven by efficiency considerations. We demonstrate that a different path to outsourcing originates from critical internal resource shortages. These shortages pose a critical dilemma; on the one hand outsourcing is a reasonably durable approach to solving resource shortages. On the other hand, the same resource shortages complicate the management of outsourcing and may create knowledge and evaluation problems. We empirically examine this dilemma and thereby add to the limited work on the enabling effects of outsourcing under resource constraints. We employ two rich and unique panel datasets of Australian firms observed over five-year periods, to test dynamic change models if firm-level financial and competence constraints induce outsourcing, and if this in turn enables internal process improvement. The results show that outsourcing indeed is associated with both financial and competence constraints, although the impact of these constraints differs over time. In turn, we find that increased outsourcing relates positively to contemporaneous and future process improvement. These findings thus shed a positive light on how outsourcing can enable firms to overcome constraints and realize internal process improvement.     

国际外包的生产率效应及行业差异——基于中国工业行业的经验研究

本文根据1997年和2002年的投入产出表数据计算了中国35个工业行业的物质投入外包和服务外包比率,并以面板数据模型检验了不同形式的外包对全员劳动生产率的影响,最后考察了外包对生产率影响的行业差异性。研究结果表明,在我国工业行业中,外包有利于企业劳动生产率的提高,而且服务外包对生产率的影响程度大于物质投入外包:高技术、低开放度以及大规模行业中国际外包对生产率的促进作用更为显著。本文有两个原创性贡献:一是区分了物质投入外包和服务外包对中国工业行业劳动生产率影响的差异;二是发现行业性质影响国际外包对生产率作用程度的大小。     

Contracting Out in Japanese Local Government: Are Unions Making a Difference?

Using 1997 data for Japanese cities, we examine the relationship between union density and outsourcing in local government. We also test the hypothesis that cities where employees are represented by the more radical of the two local civil service unions will have less outsourcing than cities where the less critically oriented union dominates. The results of the analysis support the central hypothesis that union density is negatively correlated with outsourcing, but they do not support the second hypothesis.     

Performance implications of outsourcing for technological innovations: managing the efficiency and adaptability trade‐off

We explore how increasing efficiency compromises adaptability when a firm outsources during the emergent stages of a technological innovation. Since efficiency ‐related problems differ in complexity and structure from those associated with adaptability, their optimal governance differs. While the former benefits from outsourcing, the latter is better off managed within organizational boundaries. In addition, a firm's ability to engage in complex problem solving buffers the efficiency‐adaptability trade‐off that occurs with increasing levels of outsourcing. In this study, we find support for our theses. Although outsourcing yields efficiency gains up to a certain point, it hurts adaptability. However, a firm's absorptive capacity mitigates this trade‐off. Our data on outsourcing for Internet banking is both archival and based on two surveys conducted with 100 U.S. banks. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Production costs, scope economies, and multi-client outsourcing under quantity competition

Two game models are developed based on production costs and scope economies to investigate the widely observed multi-client outsourcing (MCO) phenomenon. Analytical results demonstrate that outsourcers’ high in-house production costs and the advantage of scope economies motivate firms to outsource collectively to an independent vendor. Under certain conditions, if both firms make their outsourcing decisions simultaneously, collective outsourcing is one of the two equilibria; if both firms make decisions sequentially, collective outsourcing becomes the unique equilibrium. Furthermore, the comparative statics of the critical degree of scope economies are examined for the occurrence of MCO with regard to diverse market parameters. Finally, it is proved that market prices decrease as the degree of scope economies increases when MCO occurs. This research helps explain some widely observed phenomena such as malls, supply chain cities, and the China price.     

The impact of outsourcing new technologies on integrative capabilities and performance

Outsourcing plays an important role for firms adopting new technologies. Although outsourcing provides access to a new technology, it does not guarantee that a firm can subsequently integrate the technology with existing business processes and leverage it in the marketplace. This distinction, however, has rarely been made in the literature. In the context of business process enhancing technologies, this study builds on the resource‐based and knowledge‐based views to study the impact of outsourcing on firms' subsequent performance in the market and their integrative capabilities, that is, a firm's capacity to use and assimilate a new technology with its business processes and build upon it. The study argues that greater reliance on outsourcing may reduce a firm's learning by doing, internal investment, and tacit knowledge applications, thereby impeding a firm's integrative capabilities and performance in the market. The study uses survey and archival data on banks' outsourcing strategies for Internet adoption to test for the performance consequences of outsourcing, which are found to be negative. However, the findings also show that outsourcing is less detrimental for firms with experience in prior related technology. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.