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1.
In China, the cotton textile industry undertakes over 50% of the total fiber processing volume, rendering a great number of quality yarns & cloth to its downstream pipelines, such as knitting, dyeing & finishing, home-textiles and apparels industries. In 2005, the export of Chinese cotton textiles & apparels reached US$41.13 billion, import US$5.393 billion. At present, the total employment in the large-scale cotton textile enterprises is estimated for 2.512 million people, holding 26.5% of …  相似文献   

2.
The economic performance of China's non-woven industry in the first two months of 2006  相似文献   

3.
ChinaThe consumption of MMF (Man-made fiber) in 2005 was 17.10 million tons, which amounted to 76% of the total. Among various kinds of MMF, nearly 76% of the whole consumption was taken by polyester fiber, which was 13 million tons with an annual growth rate of 16.4% during the past five years. The production capacity of PET industry performed well during the last ten years, of which the annual growth rate was nearly three times of the world average level. In 1995, the total production ca…  相似文献   

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The nation-wide conference of devel-opment and reform for textile industrywas held here on January 12th, 2006 af-ter China weathered through the storms& torrents of various trade disputes in thetroubled water of 2005 and arrived at portof the new year, the start of the next Five-Year Plan period from 2006 all the wayto 2010. A roadmap for the country's eco-nomic & social growth with each fiveyear group as a routine time-table, thisplans making tradition has remained un-changed since its first…  相似文献   

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Credit rating agency Standard & Poor’s on Friday downgraded the U.S.’s rating.Fear is spreading quickly through the market.It’s becoming a vicious cycle and could feed into consumers reducing their demand as well.Will it has a direct impact on Chinese textile and apparel exports?  相似文献   

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A Craze for Textile-Specific Martand MartsA recent survey conducted by China Textile InformationCenter showed that there are around 280 textile-specificbazaar-like markets, a large sized business rendezvousfor wholesales and factory outlets across the country, whichprovide more than 500,000 booths, 30 million squaremeters of business areas, and 500 billion Yuan for a total salesturnover, one-fifth of the total sales in the entire textile industry inChina. It is awe-inspiring to know that t…  相似文献   

10.
By the end of June 2006, China textile and apparel industry attracted 88.31 billion Yuan of actual fixed asset investment and compared to 2005 it climbed 41.65%. Thereinto, 67.69 billion RMB of domestic actual investment were gained and 20.27 bil- lion Yuan were made in foreign investment. Investments made by Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macao increased by 36.69% but its growth margin declined by 8.88 percentage points against 2005, and foreign investment value accounted for 22.95% of the en- tir…  相似文献   

11.
On the duration of technology licensing   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
We model an innovator's choice of payment scheme and duration as a joint decision in a multi-period licensing game with potential future innovations and some irreversibility of technology transfer. We find that it may be optimal to license the innovation for less than the full length of the patent and that royalty contracts can be more profitable than fixed-fee licensing even in the absence of information asymmetry and risk aversion. Moreover, licensing contracts based on royalty have a longer duration than fixed-fee licenses and are more likely to be used in industries where innovations are frequent and intellectual property protection is weak. Our paper also highlights an important link between the study of technology licensing and the theory of durable goods.  相似文献   

12.
The Structure of Licensing Contracts   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
Industrial organization theory has explored several issues related to licensing, but empirical analyses are extremely rare. We amass a new and detailed dataset on licensing contracts, and use it to present some simple 'facts' concerning licensing behavior. Our analysis reveals robust cross-industries differences in several contractual features, such as exclusivity, cross-licensing, ex-ante versus ex-post technology transfers, and licensing to related versus unrelated parties. We offer an interpretation of these facts based on cross-industry variation in the strength of intellectual property rights.  相似文献   

13.
A significant amount of research on patent licensing and the diffusion of knowledge is organized around static frameworks of analysis. Patent holders, however, may face a dynamic problem, namely the intertemporal consistency problem of the durable-goods monopolist that is induced by durability on the demand side. Licensing practices such as exclusive licensing contracts and most favored customer clauses allow patentees to solve or mitigate this dynamic consistency problem. There are situations, however, where these practices are not possible either due to the nature of the patent (the case of information goods) or due to compulsory patenting laws. We study the effects of the intertemporal consistency problem on patent licensing in these situations. Relative to the existing literature, we obtain the following main results: (i) all of the firms that remain in the industry will be using the innovation; (ii) royalty licensing may be superior to fixed-fee or auction licensing from the licensor's point of view; (iii) social welfare and consumer surplus may be lower than when the patent holder can commit not to make additional sales; (iv) even for non-drastic innovations, the price of the good that is produced may be lower than the competitive price corresponding to the initial situation (before the innovation was discovered).  相似文献   

14.

Occupational licensing regulations require workers in many different professions to obtain a special permit to work legally in their chosen field. Although professional associations argue that the only goal of professional licensing is to protect the public, occupational regulation may also reduce competition: for example, by reducing entry. This paper reviews the recent literature and policy developments on the subject, with a focus on the European Union.

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15.
The open innovation (OI) paradigm emphasizes the importance of integrating inbound and outbound flows of technology to increase a firm's innovation performance. While the synergies between technology inflows and outflows have been discussed in conceptual OI articles, the majority of empirical studies have typically focused on either the inward or the outward dimension of OI. According to recent reviews of OI literature, there is a need for further research that takes an integrated perspective on this topic and studies the combination of the inbound and outbound dimensions of OI. This paper follows these calls by focusing on technology licensing as the main contractual form for OI, and by investigating the relationship between technology in‐licensing and out‐licensing activities at the firm level of analysis. In particular, this paper argues that technology in‐licensing positively influences the volume of technology out‐licensing through two mechanisms. The first—resource‐based—occurs because in‐licensing investments expand and enrich the firm's technology base, thus increasing its value and, as a result, creating more opportunities for out‐licensing. The second—capabilities‐based—occurs because, due to commonalities between technology in‐licensing and out‐licensing in terms of performed tasks and required skills, repeated execution of in‐licensing transactions contributes to the development of higher out‐licensing capabilities and, as a result, increase out‐licensing volume. These arguments are tested using a panel dataset of 837 Spanish manufacturing firms over the period 1998–2007. Consistent with the predictions, the empirical analysis shows that higher investments in in‐licensing and more extensive in‐licensing experience lead to superior volumes of technology out‐licensing. These results contribute to research on OI and licensing, by empirically showing the existence of positive interactions between technology inflows and outflows and of synergies in the development of absorptive and desorptive capacities.  相似文献   

16.
We present the first EU‐wide study on the prevalence and labour market impact of occupational regulation in the European Union. Drawing on a new EU Survey of Regulated Occupations, we find that licensing affects about 22 per cent of workers in the European Union, although there is significant variability across member states and occupations. On average, licensing is associated with a 4 per cent higher hourly wage. Using decomposition techniques we show that rent capture accounts for one‐third of this effect and the remainder is attributed to signalling. We find considerable heterogeneity in the wage gains by occupation and level of educational attainment. Finally, occupational licensing increases wage inequality. After accounting for composition effects, licensing increases the standard deviation of wages by about 0.02 log points.  相似文献   

17.
We show the effects of the unionization structure (viz., decentralized and centralized unions) on a firm's incentive for technology licensing and innovation. The incentive for technology licensing is stronger under decentralized unions. We identify circumstances under which the benefit from licensing creates a stronger incentive for innovation under decentralized unions. If the union's preference for employment is high, the benefit from licensing may create higher incentive for innovation under decentralized unions. However, if the union's preference for wage is high enough, the incentive for innovation is higher under a centralized union irrespective of licensing ex-post innovation. If the centralized union decides whether or not to supply workers to all firms, the possibility of higher innovation under decentralized unions increases. We further show that perfectly substitutable workers can be better off under decentralized unions if the labor productivity depends on the unionization structure, which occurs in our analysis when, e.g., licensing after innovation occurs only under decentralized unions or innovation (with no licensing) occurs only under a centralized union.  相似文献   

18.
This paper presents an empirical test of the economic theory of regulation which holds that regulators behave as optimizers facing pressures from opposing interest groups. The data employed pertain to the decisions made in the early 1970's by state public service commissions to award or reject automatic fuel adjustment clauses for 34 electric utilities located in the northeast. A probit model of this binary decision outcome is specified, incorporating those variables suggested by the economic theory of regulation. The results obtained provide empirical support for that theory. Moreover, the results strongly reject what has come to be known as the simple capture theory of regulation which holds that regulators unerringly dance to the industry's fiddle.  相似文献   

19.
The licensing of technology entails a trade‐off: licensing payments net of transaction costs (revenue effect) must be balanced against the lower price–cost margin and/or reduced market share implied by increased competition (profit dissipation effect) from the licensee. We argue that the presence of multiple technology holders, which compete in the market for technology, changes such a trade‐off and triggers more aggressive licensing behavior. To test our theory, we analyze technology licensing by large chemical firms during the period 1986–96 for 107 chemical products. We find that the rate of technology licensing displays an inverted U‐shaped relationship with the number of potential technology suppliers and is negatively related to the licensor's market share and to the degree of technology‐specific product differentiation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

20.
We examine the influence of occupational certification and licensing in China. In the empirical analysis, we find that licensing is associated with an average of 15 percent higher wages and certification with a 13–14 percent higher wage based on ordinary least squares estimates. However, using propensity score and instrumental variable estimates suggests that part of the positive effect of certification on wages is due to self‐selection. In addition, the characteristics of a certificate or license, such as the type and quantity, further influence wage determination in China.  相似文献   

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