MES效果逐步显现

执行制造系统(Manufacturing Execution System,简称MES)是现代集成制造系统中制造管理自动化领域的一项重要技术。它定义为位于企业上层ERP与底层设备自动控制系统之间的、面向车间层的管理系统。一方面,MES可以对来自ERP的生产管理信息进行细化、分解,将来自计划层操作指令传递给底层控制层;另一方面,可以采集设备、仪表的状态数据,以实时监控底层设备的运行状态;同时,可以为ERP、SCM提供生产现场的实时数据,实现生产制造数据的自动化采集,从而加强计划管理层与底层控制之间的沟通,起承上启下的作用。在许多信息化名词“三字经”…     

MES系统——化工企业信息化发展的关键

石油化工行业是典型的流程制造行业。化工企业内部业务过程可划分为：装置控制层、生产执行层、经营管理层。在化工企业实现ERP，MES／PCS三层框架的信息集成。是企业的经营计划、物料需求计划、采购、生产、库存、销售、财务等管理及市场分析预测、辅助决策等做到动态监控，实现物流、资金流、信息流和控制流四流合一。是化工企业信息化建设的目标。     

ERP系统集成财务管理研究

本文以信息集成为核心，论述了ERP财务子系统与其他子系统之间的关系，讨论了ERP财务子系统的模块结构，论述了财务集成参数设置方法与集成会计业务处理方法，论述了ERP系统的成本计算与管理方法。     

长航电机PDM与ERP集成应用的实践与探讨

作为一个多品种、小批量的离散型制造企业,在信息化建设过程中当下最希望也最需要解决的是如何有效实现对CAD的产品数据管理,并与ERP系统集成,打通部门之间的管理信息通道,实现从技术开发到市场拓展、进销存、生产控制、品质管理及售后服务等全过程的资源共享。     

MES系统在直缝埋弧焊钢管生产线的设计与应用

结合直缝埋弧焊钢管生产线特点，以技术实现的可行性和有效性为基础，设计出适用于生产线全流程业务的MES系统总体架构。以3层网络架构为基础，GE公司Proficy平台Cimplicity软件为核心，进行系统功能开发。结合生产线工艺特点和实际业务需要，突出生产跟踪与质量管理的设计主线。从业务功能模块上进行方案设计，并以OPC技术实现底层控制设备与MES系统的高度集成、以WebServices技术实现ERP与MES系统的数据集成，完成MES系统的整体实施。     

利用ERP实现施工企业信息集成管理

信息技术对其他传统行业的改造使其生产效率得到显著提升,利用企业资源规划（ERP）实现建筑企业信息集成管理可以优化企业资源配置,提升企业竞争力。在阐述了建筑企业ERP的功能、内涵和软件体系结构之后,研究了ERP的实施,以达到实现施工企业数据集成、企业与项目信息集成,以及促进组织流程重组的目的。     

应用ERP信息系统提升企业财务管理能力

ERP系统是基于企业管理理念上高度集成化的信息系统,是一套将企业生产经营过程中的采购与库存MM、生产计划PP、在建工程PS、设备维修PM、销售与分销SD、人力资源HR和其他业务功能合理集成的应用软件系统.以财务为核心,集物流、资金流和信息流为一体,实现“三流合一”.做到财务与业务、业务与业务相互集成,实现财务管控向业务管控的延伸.各业务部门在统一平台上协同工作,各模块无缝集成,实现信息共享.支撑企业精细化管理和规范化运作,实现企业供应链全过程控制.ERP信息管理系统平台含盖了企业运营过程中的8个重要环节,也就是ERP系统中的8个模块:财务管理F、管理会计CO、采购管理MM、销售管理SD、计划管理PP、设备管理PM、项目管理PS、人力资源管理HR8个模块.     

ERP提升炼化销售管理水平

目前ERP系统（SAP）在中国石化炼油、化工板块的29家企业已经全部上线运行。炼化企业在ERP推广实施过程中,遵循模板统一原则,规范并优化了炼化企业的主要核心业务,实现了采购、设备、生产、计划、库存、销售等业务信息在系统内与财务信息的动态集成,主要报表满足了各类信息的查询、监控、分析与决策,实现了资金流、物流、信息流的三流合一。     

企业物料财务管理五讲之五——涟钢ERP物资管理

ERP上线后，涟钢财务核算模式由传统的二级核算向一级核算转变，改变了过去信息简单、分散，综合分析能力差的状况，实现了资金流、物资流、会计基础数据和报表等各种信息的高度集成。通过ERP这一广阔、强大的资源信息平台，涟钢各级管理层和二级单位从以前繁冗机械的简单汇总数据中解脱出来，将更多的精力投入到对系统数据的分析和管理上来。涟钢主要从以下方面加强ERP上线后的物资财务管理。     

成品油ERP系统集成的成功探索

销售华北分公司从2004年11月起积极推进ERP系统集成的推广和深化应用,不断从技术层面和管理层面拓展ERP集成的应用效果和范围,目前已经完成了与区内12家上线生产企业和6家省市石油公司ERP系统的集成。ERP系统集成涵盖成品油业务的计划、物流、商流等     

Application and performance impact of stage–gate systems – the role services in the firm’s business focus

Although service innovation is important, knowledge of new product and service development, including the positive effect of stage‐and‐gate‐type systems, has been derived almost exclusively from studies in the manufacturing sector. In the present paper, we address two important questions: How do differences in the firm’s business focus, which describes whether a firm puts more emphasis on products or services in its business activities, influence the usage of such formal innovation processes? Is stage‐and‐gate‐type systems’ impact on innovation program performance contingent on the firm’s business focus? Unlike previous studies, we not only differentiate service and manufacturing by industry classification codes but also apply a continuous measure to take into account the blurring of boundaries between the manufacturing and service businesses. Based on a comprehensive discussion of service‐specific characteristics and their implications for innovation management and using a cross‐industry, multi‐informant sample of innovation programs from 272 firms with 1,985 informants, we find empirical support for firms with a stronger focus on the service business being less likely to use stage‐and‐gate‐type systems. Furthermore, the use of stage‐and‐gate‐type systems fosters innovation program performance, and this effect becomes stronger as the business focus shifts toward services. This result implies that service‐based firms can benefit from stage‐and‐gate‐type systems to a greater extent than product‐based firms. Our research also demonstrates the gap between the desired level of innovation process formalization and its current usage in practice, especially for firms with a dominating service business.     

Paths Toward Radical Service Innovation in Manufacturing Companies—A Service‐Dominant Logic Perspective

Research on servitization of manufacturing companies concentrates on typologies of product–service bundles, on transition pathways to increased servitization, and on resource and capabilities configurations necessary to accomplish this transition. Missing from existing research is an analysis of the degree of novelty of service innovations introduced by manufacturing companies. Therefore, this article shifts the focus from the transition process itself to the question of how manufacturing companies can introduce radical service innovations to the market. This article links servitization literature with service innovation literature and investigates how manufacturing companies can introduce radically new services in terms of three forms of innovations: service concept innovations, customer experience innovations, and service process innovations. Service‐dominant logic (SDL) is applied as the theoretical lens because it covers four significant factors influencing the success of companies’ innovation activities: actor value networks, resource liquefaction, resource density, and resource integration. Based on a multiple case study of 24 Danish business‐to‐business manufacturing small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises and through a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis, different configurations of the principles of SDL are analyzed. They describe the paths to radical service innovation. Digitalization appears as a central causal condition in the bulk of the configurations. Big and rich data generated internally within the focal company in combination with for instance customer data can enhance the innovativeness of the service offerings. However, digitalization is not a sufficient condition for launching radical service innovation—it should be combined with an efficient mobilization of resources internally within the focal company and/or collaboration with other organizations within the value system. In addition, the analysis hints to a need to detach from immediate customers as the prime driver of service innovation.     

工业 4.0 背景下我国高技术服务业与装备制造业融合发展及效应评价研究——基于 AHP - 信息熵耦联评价模型

在工业4.0时代，大数据、云计算和物联网等新一代信息技术与制造技术深度融合，加速了高技术服务业与装备制造业的融合发展。基于这样的背景，文章通过建立耦联评价模型对2006~2015年我国高技术服务业与装备制造业的产业融合度进行测度，实证结果表明两大产业融合发展状态良好，融合度呈波动上升趋势。在此基础上，进一步对产业融合的效应进行分析，研究表明产业融合对装备制造业产业结构高级化程度、产业深加工度、产业生产效率、技术创新能力、产业绿色发展水平有显著的正向作用。     

Cross-functional integration in the sustainable new product development process: The role of the environmental specialist

Companies in the twenty-first century are exposed to a variety of pressures to respond to environmental issues, and responding to these pressures affects several aspects of business such as purchasing, marketing and logistics. Managers increasingly view sustainability as a complement to their corporate agendas, or even as an opportunity. It is important to understand how firms integrate environmental issues into their businesses and how these integration strategies affect performance. The process of sustainable new product development (SNPD) is a key strategic focus to achieve economic and environmental sustainability. This paper examines the integration of environmental specialists into new product development teams that are composed of other functional specialists including marketing, manufacturing, and R&D personnel, and its impact on SNPD project performance across three stages: concept development, product development, and product commercialization. We empirically test our theoretical model using a sample of 219 firms from a range of business-to-business industries. We present evidence that integrating an environmental specialist into a new product team has a positive influence on SNPD project performance beyond what the traditional members of such a team would accomplish. We analyze this relationship across the stages of SNPD to obtain a clearer picture of the effects of this integration. In particular, the integration of the environmental specialist was more effective on SNPD project performance in the final stage of the SNPD process when the product was being launched; this effect is even greater for high-innovative projects.     

An investigation of the relationship between behavioral processes, motivation, investments in the service business and service revenue

Despite the established benefits of services in manufacturing companies, very few managers are motivated to invest resources in extending the service business. On the basis of a combination of qualitative and quantitative research approaches, we illustrate that managers cannot be easily motivated. Managerial motivation to extend the service business in manufacturing companies is more like a process that must grow organically. To do so, managers have to overcome some of the typical behavioral processes of manufacturing companies. In greater detail, we explore how the disbelief in the financial opportunities of services risk aversion in exploiting strategic opportunities, setting overambitious objectives and an overemphasis on obvious causalities limit managerial motivation to extend the service business. If manufacturing companies can overcome these behavioral processes, the managerial motivation will increase, leading to more investments in the service business and thus enhancing service revenue and overall profitability.     

Only the Brave: Product Innovation,Service Business Model Innovation,and Their Impact on Performance

Recent empirical findings concerning the performance effects of service business model innovation (servitization) and its interplay with product innovation are mixed. Using the lenses of the demand‐based view on value creation and complementarity, the performance impact of two key service business models is examined: the product‐oriented model and the customer‐oriented model, implemented jointly with product innovation. Results indicate that the interplay between service business model innovation and product innovation results in long‐term performance benefits coupled with a degree of short‐term performance sacrifice. Service business model innovation in isolation from product innovation results in short‐term profit gains but long‐term knowledge loss and, thus, market performance decline. Our study suggests that firms need to look beyond the evidence on short‐term effects in order to achieve superior performance in the long run.     

The effects of customer and supplier involvement on competitive advantage: An empirical study in China

The focus of this paper is on the effects of customer and supplier involvement on competitive advantage in the firm. Using the resource-based view and knowledge-based view of the firm, hypotheses are developed concerning customer involvement, supplier involvement, and competitive advantage. Hierarchical multiple regressions are employed to test the hypothesized relationships. The data used was collected from 139 Chinese manufacturing firms across different industries. Each variable except control variables in the model is measured by a number of scale items. Both reliability and validity (content validity, convergent validity, and discriminate validity) are demonstrated. The results of the regression analysis show that (1) customer involvement has positive impact on product quality, delivery reliability, process flexibility, and customer service; and (2) supplier involvement leads to decreased cost. These findings are interpreted in the context of Chinese manufacturing setting and enhance the understanding of the roles of customer and supplier involvement in China's business environment.     

Internationalization and the Dynamics of Product Adaptation—An Empirical Investigation

Firms competing in foreign markets can choose to make no changes to the physical product and packaging, called a product standardization policy, which keeps costs low. The main drawback of such a policy is that the product might not satisfy customers. Conversely, firms may choose to modify, or to adapt, the physical characteristics or attributes of a product and its packaging to fit the needs and desires of consumers in different countries better, but this increases development, manufacturing, marketing, packaging, and distribution costs. Though product adaptation is a core aspect of customizing an export market offering, little research has investigated modifying the physical product and packaging. To be successful, an adapted product must add sufficient incremental revenue (through increased sales due to better satisfying customer needs and wants relative to competitive product offerings) such that the additional manufacturing and marketing costs that result from adapting the product are recovered. In this article, a model of the product adaptation process is developed. Using mail surveys, information is gathered from managers in 239 U.S. organizations and 302 South Korean organizations, all of which export products. The goal was to understand better the motivation of firms to adapt their products for export markets as well as the performance implications of adapting products. Furthermore, the model was tested in these two countries to determine if the model is robust and to uncover differences between the United States and South Korea. Using structural equation modeling to analyze the data, a positive association was found between the level of product adaptation and profitability at the project level. Second, U.S. firms appear to be more reactive when adapting products for export markets, doing so when laws and regulations in the export market mandate changes relative to the U.S. market. Conversely, South Korean firms appear to be more proactive and to adapt products even when not required by the governments of export markets. Third, greater international product adaptation is linked to a more responsive marketing organization with customer‐focused practices. Fourth, while a positive link was expected between business unit experience and the extent of international product adaptation, inconsistent results were found between the two country samples. For U.S. firms, it was found that greater experience in international business and product design capability is linked to a higher level of international product adaptation. For South Korean firms, however, a negative relationship was found. Greater international product adaptation occurred with less international business and product design experience. These findings are discussed, and areas for future research are noted.     

A hub-and-spoke model for multi-dimensional integration of green marketing and sustainable supply chain management

Since the concept of sustainability was transformed into business mainstream, both sustainable supply chain management and green marketing have become key topics of academic research and managerial practices. Great advances have been made in the two areas in parallel. It has been recognized that green marketing and sustainable supply chain management should be seamlessly integrated so that green customer's needs can be better met by the supply chain capabilities. Existing research has explored point-to-point integration approach. This paper proposes a new hub-and-spoke integration model to integrate green marketing and sustainable supply chain management from six dimensions: product, promotion, planning, process, people and project (called the 6Ps). Empirical study has been undertaken with industries to test the 6Ps integration model. Results from the empirical study on integration dimensions, integration strategies, and drivers and obstacles for multi-dimensional integration are presented together with managerial implications. The new integration model allows the flows of resources such as information, materials and funds between green marketing and sustainable supply chain management through multiple direct pathways. It has the potential to achieve better overall business performance against the triple bottom line objectives.     

The role of design method and process technology in stable outsourcing equilibria

We analyze a model of vertical (dis)integration between manufacturing and design in a monopolistically competitive market. Specialized input manufacturers can serve multiple design firms and the manufacturer-designer pairs negotiate a non-binding contract to share input customization cost and production surplus. Hand-collected data on 387 product lines from 118 semiconductor firms are used to predict the firm’s decision to outsource manufacturing. We find that, for instance, the use of design tools that facilitate collaboration and process technologies that facilitate learning are both positively associated with outsourcing, consistent with the model’s prediction.