工业新增利润来源及其影响因素：基于企业数据的经验研究

本文利用企业数据，对我国1998-2005年工业企业的新增利润来源从不同角度进行了分析．并且进一步将收益率的变化分解为全要素生产率的变动和分配格局的变动．对正确理解这段时期工业利润率的变化提供了微观层面的解释。本文发现。在考察期内工业利润的增长是结构性的．重工业对工业利润增长贡献了70％以上：采掘业和原材料工业利润率提高的关键因素是产品价格的大幅上涨．而轻工业和机械工业收益率的改善主要来自于生产率水平的提高：工业部门平均工资水平增速小于GDP增速．行业间的工资水平差异较大．大部分劳动者的工资增速较慢．利润的高速增长很大程度上是以工资的缓慢增长为代价的。     

利益转移与工业结构变动

作者运用有关数据资料,从部门间利益分配的角度,分析了我国工业结构中存在的一些主要历史和现实问题,并提出了相应的改革思路。作者指出,在改革前由于我国工业增长格局不受比较利益转移的影响而受制于政策的摆动,因此使我国工业结构出现无规则变动的轨迹并陷入一种不良循环;经济体制改革以来尽管我国已经出现利润平均化迹象,但仍然没有摆脱传统结构调整机制的约束,无法按照比较优势的分布来调整工业结构;而当前在结构调整机制方面存在的一个最重要的影响因素是结构变动的利益导向逐年增强,它为实现由直接控制转向间接控制提供了有利的契机,这也是市场调节机制运行的基础。目前我们的主要选择应该是一方面加速完善市场机制,另一方面调整各种政策组合,因势利导地引导各类经济单位在追求自身利益的活动中不致严重损害社会利益,并努力消除在市场机制条件下由企业成本和社会成本差异而产生的结构偏差。     

要素价格扭曲与中国工业企业出口行为

"对内改革"是"对外开放"的国内背景;中国"对内改革"渐进性诱发的要素市场扭曲是中国"对外开放"面临的独特约束。基于这一判断,本文从要素价格扭曲视角,利用1999—2007年中国微观企业数据,重新审视中国企业出口行为。结论认为:中国工业企业要素价格存在严重负向扭曲并有增加趋势;东部地区、外资、港澳台资和私营企业扭曲程度最高;总体上看,要素价格负向扭曲促进了中国企业出口。这意味着,中国出口奇迹离不开要素价格负向扭曲;中国企业将国内"生产要素应得"通过低价出口形式转移给了国外消费者;贸易规模扩大、贸易结构优化的同时,更应注意贸易利益分配。     

1998—2006年部分OECD国家天然气终端价格比较（以净热值为计算基础）

国别类别1998年1999年2000年2001年2002年2003年2004年2005年2006年三季度工业132.3131.9190.0220.7171.6248.6280.1361.8286.7美国发电104.8113.4192.1195.9156.1236.8261.9366.8282.3民用291.3285.7357.2410.1337.6406.1458.6547.3635.7工业78.488.399.8120.9139.3233.5248.4327.2—加拿大发电—————————民用188.7236.0221.6326.7262.4377.7401.6478.8—工业120.8114.3116.3156.0162.7183.0225.1332.0358.2*英国发电140.3127.5115.5123.5118.0144.0180.1238.5248.0民用367.3356.7325.3318.3352.2390.9470.1535.5754.6工业175.3163…     

要素投入、技术效率与技术进步——基于江、浙、沪外资工业企业的实证分析

本文运用江、浙、沪外资工业企业2003～2007年的省际面板数据,采用基于DEA理论的非参数Malmquist指数方法,实证分析了全要素生产率的变动过程,并将其进一步分解为技术效率的变化和技术进步。研究表明：（1）2003-2007年,江、浙、沪外资工业企业全要素生产率以年均6．4％的速度增长,主要由技术进步的增长支撑;（2）各省市全要素生产率的变化不均衡,浙江省的变化相比其他两省较低。     

部分OECD国家天然气终端价格比较

(以净热值为计算基础)单位:美元/吨油当量国别类别1996年1997年1998年1999年2000年2001年2002年2003年2004年2005年工业143.5151.3132.3131.9190.0220.7171.6248.6273.1373.7美国发电113.6121.6104.8113.4192.1195.9156.1236.8261.9367.4民用293.7296.5291.3285.7357.2410.1337.6406.1458.2578.8工业79.080.678.488.399.8120.9139.3233.5248.4—加拿大发电——————————民用188.5189.6188.7236.0221.6326.7262.4377.7401.6—工业102.2113.1120.8114.3116.3156.0162.7183.0225.1318.9*英国发电126.6136.8140.3127.5115.5123.5118.0144…     

杨世滨:针织产业快中求稳向前进 中国针织工业协会第四届四次理事扩大会议侧记

据统计,1978年,中国针织服装产量只有9.3亿件,总产值40.9亿元;1998年,产量28.4亿件,总产值514.1亿元;2003年,产量48.8亿件,总产值1064.7亿元;2007年,产量107亿件,总产值2835.1亿元。1998~2007年,针织行业产值年均增速15.9%,比整个纺织行业年均增速高2.2个百分点。30年来,针织工业发生了飞跃性的变化。     

二○○三中国江苏(南京)国际汽车节在宁举办

集车展、房展、汽车文化和休闲游乐于一体的2003中国江苏(南京)国际汽车节,将于9月30日—10月7日在南京中山植物园隆重举办。 汽车工业是我国国民经济的重要支柱产业之一,进入新世纪以来,在我国加入WTO的新形势下,汽车工业正呈现出新的快速发展格局。江苏是我国对外开放的主要区域和经济发达省份,也是国内汽车工业的重要生产基地之一。为了     

实施ERP 珠化集团信息化提速

广州珠江化工集团有限公司成立于2000年6月26日,是生产销售“电视塔”、“青竹”牌涂料、“青松”牌油墨以及“穗菱”牌和“广溶”牌溶剂产品,是涂料、溶剂及多种经营的综合性大型企业,同时拥有自营进出口权,经营和代理化工、食品等商品进出口业务;拥有大型商业、写字楼物业;拥有多家联营、合资、投资的化工生产、专业运输企业;运用资源计划系统(ERP)管理企业,实现作业控制、生产计划、投入品采购、市场营销、财务核算等方面的信息化管理。2003年进入中国化工企业500强,获广东省涂料工业协会颁发的2004-2007年“涂料旗舰企业”称号, 2003年获得“中国企业信息化500强”称号。     

中国地区船舶工业技术效率差异及其变动趋势分析——基于Malmquist生产率指数

本文以3项投入(固定资产、船舶主要建造设施量、年平均从业人数)及2项产出(工业总产值、修正总吨)研究中国各省份船舶工业绩效表现,以2007～2009年各省船舶工业为研究对象,利用Super SBM模型进行超效率实证分析,通过Malmquist生产力指数研究各省船舶工业绩效变动趋势.研究结果发现:2007～2008年各省份生产力指数变化的主要原因是受技术效率变化的影响较大;而在2008～2009年生产力指数变化的主要原因是受技术变化的影响较大.在生产力指数分析上,整体来说,2007～2009年我国各省份船舶工业的全要素生产率呈现下滑趋势,其主要原因是由技术及效率变化交互影响带来的.     

Comparing FTTH access networks based on P2P and PMP fibre topologies

There is an ongoing discussion in the market which Next Generation Access (NGA) architecture best suits future needs and which investment and cost differences exist. The discussion can be subsumed as P2P vs. GPON, which is somewhat misleading as this article reveals. The discussion is driven by the fact that the high capital cost and the long asset life time of fibre mean that the technology choices made today will dominate the opportunities for telecommunication business of all market players, incumbents, competitors, content providers and business and residential users for many years in the future.The paper analyzes the cost and other differences between Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH) access network architectures and their related different wholesale approaches by using the well-known and understood steady state approach applied in other NGA analyses in the past. In addition to the steady state analysis a dynamic cost evaluation is included taking into account the different investment behaviour of the FTTH architectures over time. The results describe investment and cost differences between architectures, incumbents and wholesale based competitive operators. The analysis has been performed for different geotypes (clusters) of decreasing population density in a representative European settlement structure.     

Divergent patterns of engagement in Internet standardization: Japan,Korea and China

This article analyzes the engagement of Japanese, Korean and Chinese participants in the development of Internet standards at IETF on the basis of four quantitative metrics: attendance, patenting, authorship and leadership. The results are strikingly divergent. Japanese involvement in Internet standardization began early and Japan was, for many years, second only to the U.S. in terms of IETF participation. Though Japanese participation has declined since the early 2000s, Japan remains a major contributor to IETF standardization. Korean involvement in IETF has always been significant, but below the levels of Japan and major European countries. Korean participation in IETF has also declined over the past decade, and has been dominated by one firm, Samsung. Though meaningful Chinese involvement in IETF did not begin until the mid-2000s, it has rapidly expanded in recent years. Today, China is a major player in numerous areas of Internet standardization in terms of three metrics (participation, patenting and leadership), and is rapidly gaining in terms of document authorship as well. Most of China׳s recent IETF involvement can be attributed to Huawei, though other Chinese firms have recently begun to increase their participation in the organization. Thus, contrary to some views that China׳s engagement with standardization is primarily one of indigenous innovation and “catching up”, China׳s experience with IETF demonstrates deliberate and effective engagement with a major Western standards-development organization on its own terms.     

Whose Image is it Anyway?: Some Considerations of the Curricular Importance of Subject Image in Secondary School Design and Technology Education

This paper explores the idea that a sense of school subject image is a necessary feature of curriculum management and a potent force for change. The discussion centres on the view that all school subjects have an image and that if those intimately involved with the subject do not control the image then someone else does! In such circumstances the image is the product of past encounters and old euphemisms and is unlikely to hold the changed realities.The UK developments in Design and Technology education (the term Design and Technology is used to denote the school subject defined under this heading by the UK National Curriculum, 1995) have created something of an image problem which has interesting international parallels. Some of these problems are due to clearly discernible internal tensions and an ambiguous relationship with other subject areas.Through greater attention to subject image internal controversies might be acknowledged and resolved, relationships with other subject areas can be more meaningfully understood and practitioners can be helped to make sense of curriculum change.     

Indigenous peoples’ nutrition transition in a right to food perspective

In indigenous communities the nutrition transition characterized by a rapid westernization of diet and lifestyle is associated with rising prevalence of chronic disease. Field work and literature reviews from two different policy environments, Argentina (Jujuy) and Canada (Nunavut), identified factors that add to indigenous peoples’ disease risk. The analytical framework was the emerging human right to adequate food approach to policies and programmes. Indigenous peoples’ chronic disease risk tends to increase as a result of government policies that infringe on indigenous peoples’ livelihoods and territories, undermining their economic system, values and solidarity networks. Policies intended to increase food security, including food aid, may also fuel the nutrition transition. There is a need to explore further the connection between well-intended policies towards indigenous peoples and the development of chronic diseases, and to broaden the understanding of the role that different forms of discrimination play in the westernization of their lifestyles, values and food habits. Food policies that take due account of indigenous peoples’ human rights, including their right to enjoy their culture, may counteract the growth of chronic disease in these communities.     

A strategic skill based model of supplier integration and its effect on supply management performance

Supplier integration is a tool to help organizations gain competitive advantage. Strategic supply management skills and the supply management function's perceived status are hypothesized as antecedents to supplier integration leading to supply management performance. The sample for this study includes 152 executive level supply management professionals. The empirical results suggest that strategic skills and perceived status are essential antecedents to supplier integration and subsequent performance. Further, the relationship between strategic skills and performance is mediated by supplier integration. Results of a dominance analysis also suggest which strategic skills are most likely to explain status integration, and performance. These findings have significant implications for supply management theory and practice.     

Cost allocation of WCDMA and wholesale pricing for mVoIP and data services

This study estimates cost-based prices for wholesale voice and data services provided to 3G (WCDMA) MVNOs according to their distinct types. For estimation, 3G MVNOs are classified into different types, and the overall cost of WCDMA facilities are separated into voice and data components based on their subscriber rates, actual traffic rates, as well as efficiency consideration of traffic rates. The study then calculates cost-based wholesale prices of voice and data services for each of the 3G MVNO types. The result of this study shows that a cost-plus pricing scheme can help achieve the policy goals of the regulator, namely, lowering telecommunications tariffs and facilitating the introduction of new convergent-type services, far more effectively than the current retail-minus pricing scheme. The findings of this study may assist firms in developing business models based on 3G networks and telecom regulators in designing policies related to interconnection, mVoIP, prepaid calls, wholesale services, and network neutrality.     

Collectivism,individualism, and outgroup cooperation in a segmented China

A consistent theme in cross-cultural management research is that collectivists are more cooperative than individualists. We use Hofstede's measure for individualism–collectivism and combine it with an experimental measure of cooperation to test this relationship in China. In contrast to the established paradigm, we find that groups with higher individualistic scores are more cooperative than those groups with higher collectivistic scores. We attribute these results to groups being composed of outgroup members. In addition, we find that subjects from the more developed coastal area are more individualistic and cooperative than are subjects from inland China.

面向对象的程序设计

用Ｃ＋ ＋ 语言阐述面向对象程序设计中封装和继承的概念以及在实际中怎样运用这些概念提高程序设计水平。     

电子产品的电磁兼容性设计

首先介绍电磁兼容性的基本概念与研究领域,然后重点阐述电子产品的电磁兼容性设计与测量。     

蒸汽热量计量应用的探析

研究了石油化工企业的燕汽计量情况,着重对蒸汽热量计量的合理性进行了分析,阐述了蒸汽热量计量的依据及计算方法,以及蒸气热量计量对节能降耗的重要意义.