盈余管理与国有公司高管晋升效率

本文主要考察盈余管理是否以及如何影响国有公司高管晋升对业绩的敏感性。以2000—2009年中国A股国有上市公司的高管晋升数据为样本,从操纵性应计利润与非经常性损益两个角度度量盈余管理,我们检验发现,盈余管理会降低国有公司高管晋升对业绩的敏感性,并且当信息不对称程度较低、第一大股东持股比例较高或市场化程度较高时,盈余管理的这种负向影响更大。本文实证结果表明,如果政府无法识别国有公司的盈余管理行为,其高管晋升效率将受到损害,而股权集中度及地区市场化程度的提高有助于增强政府的识别能力,改进高管晋升效率。     

制度环境与管理层持股的激励效应北大核心CSSCI

管理层持股激励是当前理论和实务界关注的一种重要的公司治理机制。以往的研究往往研究激励契约本身或激励契约的经济后果。然而,激励契约有效发挥的重要前提是该契约与外部制度环境相适应。本文运用制度经济学的基本原理,实证检验了股权分置改革、国有控股、产品市场竞争这三种外部制度环境对管理层持股激励效率的影响。实证研究发现:①股权分置改革前,实施管理层持股激励的公司其经营绩效相比控制样本没有显著差异;股权分置改革后,其经营绩效显著高于控制样本。②国有控股企业采用管理层持股在股改前激励效应不显著,但是,在股改后激励效应显著提高。③在竞争性的产品市场,管理层持股激励有明显的正效应;而在垄断性市场中,管理层持股的激励效应较弱。本文的研究结果表明,制度环境是管理层持股激励发挥作用的重要前提,在实施管理层持股激励的同时,还应重视相关制度环境的改善,使管理层持股发挥应有的激励效应。     

高管激励对研发投入影响研究——终极控制权的调节作用

本文以医药制造类上市公司 2013 ～2015 年数据为样本， 实证研究了高管激励与研发投入之间关系以及不同终极控制权性质下高管激励对研发投入的影响。 结果表明： 高管持股、 高管薪酬与研发投入之间均呈现 “倒U 形” 非线性关系， 即随着高管持股比例与高管薪酬水平的增大， 研发投入先增加后减少， 高管激励只在一定合理范围内对企业研发投入产生较强的促进作用， 过高或过低的激励力度均不能有效提升企业的研发投入； 与非国有控制企业相比， 国有控制企业的高管持股对研发投入的影响更大、而高管薪酬对研发投入的影响不明显。     

高技术行业上市公司高管薪酬与经营业绩研究

一般来说,高技术企业具有高成长、高风险的特征,较之传统行业应实施更积极的高级管理层激励.但通过2004-2006年我国192家高技术行业上市公司面板数据的实证分析,发现高管薪酬与公司业绩无显著相关性,与公司规模显著正相关,非公有制控制的公司高管薪酬高于公有制控制的公司,而股权激励比例偏低,说明高技术行业上市公司高管薪酬机制的有效性有待提高.建议提高高管薪酬水平,完善薪酬结构,积极加大股权激励力度,逐步降低国有持股的比例.     

终极控制权对高管薪酬激励效应影响的实证分析

本文基于中国A股市场上市公司样本数据,从高管人力资本产权实现的理论视角,考虑终极控制权情景因素,实证分析了高管股权激励的结果效应。结论显示,终极控制权影响高管薪酬激励方式的选择,高管薪酬激励方式影响企业绩效,具体控制权情景下高管薪酬激励方式间企业绩效存在差异。总体而言,不论国有性质还是非国有性质,低控制权强度下实施股权激励的企业绩效显著高于未实施股权激励的企业,而高控制权强度下二者的差异不显著。     

客户集中度风险、政府补贴与公司研发投入——来自中国制造业上市公司的经验证据

本文基于中国上市公司披露的前5大核心客户数据，采用赫芬达尔指数计量其客户集中度风险，理论分析与实证检验客户集中度风险对公司研发投入行为的影响，以及另一外部利益相关者政府的“支持之手”--政府补贴对上述影响的调节作用。研究发现，客户集中度风险显著负向影响公司的研发投入水平，政府补贴的存在则弱化了这种负向影响，尤其在非国有公司中表现得更为显著。该研究拓展了客户集中度风险影响公司投资行为的经验研究，丰富了政府补贴激励公司研发投入活动的作用机理与路径研究。     

地方政府行为与企业研发投入——基于中国省际面板数据的实证分析

本文从官员激励视角研究了在现行政府治理架构下,官员晋升竞争与财政分权对政府研发(R&D)补贴的影响,并将R&D补贴和治理环境内生到企业决策模型中,探寻我国企业R&D投入激励不足的原因。实证检验表明,传统以GDP为考核标准的晋升竞争显著降低了政府对企业的R&D补贴,地方政府财权与事权的不匹配也会减少政府研发补贴,进而影响企业研发投入。企业所处地区治理环境对企业R&D活动有显著的正面影响,政府干涉越少、寻租空间越小,企业越倾向于进行研发活动,R&D投入强度也随之提高。本文的结论对于加快地方政府转型,促进经济发展方式根本转变具有启示意义。     

高管薪酬诱发盈余管理的实证研究

本文从高管薪酬激励视角研究了我国上市公司的盈余管理行为，发现高管薪酬与盈余管理显著正相关，即高管有为提高自身薪酬进行盈余管理的动机，但高管持股比例与盈余管理相关性不强。此外，与非国有上市公司相比，国有上市公司高管薪酬诱发盈余管理的程度有所下降。实证研究结果还表明，上市公司董事会或薪酬委员会在订立高管薪酬契约时并没有考虑高管的盈余管理行为。     

我国企业创新模式的选择——基于公司治理的视角

本文将企业创新模式分为探索式创新和利用式创新,通过风险偏好与创新模式选择的研究,探讨了公司治理结构与创新模式选择的关系。得到的结果是：国有企业相比非国有企业,更倾向于选择风险小,见效快的利用式创新模式;大股东持股比例与探索式创新模式选择显著负相关,这与发达国家的情形正好相反;高管持股的股权激励机制可以在一定程度上激励企业进行探索式创新,但需要一个持股临界值。这些结果反映出非国有控股和高管持股的企业更有动机进行探索式创新,政府政策应为其搭建出必要的制度基础。     

高管团队特征、薪酬激励对内部控制质量影响的实证研究——来自创业板上市公司的经验数据

近年来我国在内部控制建设方面成就显著，根据高层梯队理论和委托代理理论，内部控制的建设需要高管团队的执行，而高管的行为又会受到激励制度的影响，鉴于此本文以2010～2013年创业板173家上市公司为研究对象，实证检验了创业板上市公司高管团队特征及薪酬激励与内部控制质量之间的关系。高管特征方面，高管团队规模与内部控制质量成正相关。薪酬激励方面，高管的薪酬规模、持股比例与内部控制质量正相关。本文丰富了高管特征及薪酬对内部控制质量影响的研究成果，对于我国创业板内部控制制度的建设有现实的指导意义。     

Comparing FTTH access networks based on P2P and PMP fibre topologies

There is an ongoing discussion in the market which Next Generation Access (NGA) architecture best suits future needs and which investment and cost differences exist. The discussion can be subsumed as P2P vs. GPON, which is somewhat misleading as this article reveals. The discussion is driven by the fact that the high capital cost and the long asset life time of fibre mean that the technology choices made today will dominate the opportunities for telecommunication business of all market players, incumbents, competitors, content providers and business and residential users for many years in the future.The paper analyzes the cost and other differences between Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH) access network architectures and their related different wholesale approaches by using the well-known and understood steady state approach applied in other NGA analyses in the past. In addition to the steady state analysis a dynamic cost evaluation is included taking into account the different investment behaviour of the FTTH architectures over time. The results describe investment and cost differences between architectures, incumbents and wholesale based competitive operators. The analysis has been performed for different geotypes (clusters) of decreasing population density in a representative European settlement structure.     

面向对象的程序设计

用Ｃ＋ ＋ 语言阐述面向对象程序设计中封装和继承的概念以及在实际中怎样运用这些概念提高程序设计水平。     

Indigenous peoples’ nutrition transition in a right to food perspective

In indigenous communities the nutrition transition characterized by a rapid westernization of diet and lifestyle is associated with rising prevalence of chronic disease. Field work and literature reviews from two different policy environments, Argentina (Jujuy) and Canada (Nunavut), identified factors that add to indigenous peoples’ disease risk. The analytical framework was the emerging human right to adequate food approach to policies and programmes. Indigenous peoples’ chronic disease risk tends to increase as a result of government policies that infringe on indigenous peoples’ livelihoods and territories, undermining their economic system, values and solidarity networks. Policies intended to increase food security, including food aid, may also fuel the nutrition transition. There is a need to explore further the connection between well-intended policies towards indigenous peoples and the development of chronic diseases, and to broaden the understanding of the role that different forms of discrimination play in the westernization of their lifestyles, values and food habits. Food policies that take due account of indigenous peoples’ human rights, including their right to enjoy their culture, may counteract the growth of chronic disease in these communities.     

应用CGI技术创建CAI网页计数器

:CGI( Common Gateway Interface)是应用程序与 Web服务器交互的一个标准接口 ,利用该技术可以实现 HTML不具备的交互式主页功能。本文将通过“教育窗”主页的访问 (点击 )计算器的开发应用实例 ,提出了两种使用 CGI技术实现点击计数的方案     

钻井现场H2S气体的探测及防护

在钻井生产过程中，实施HSE管理体系，预防和控制H2S，保护每一位员工不受H2S气体危害，是钻井生产过程中HSE工作的重要一环。阐述了有害气体H2S的物理特性、毒性标准，介绍了几种常用的H2S气体探测器，以及具体操作方法。     

A strategic skill based model of supplier integration and its effect on supply management performance

Supplier integration is a tool to help organizations gain competitive advantage. Strategic supply management skills and the supply management function's perceived status are hypothesized as antecedents to supplier integration leading to supply management performance. The sample for this study includes 152 executive level supply management professionals. The empirical results suggest that strategic skills and perceived status are essential antecedents to supplier integration and subsequent performance. Further, the relationship between strategic skills and performance is mediated by supplier integration. Results of a dominance analysis also suggest which strategic skills are most likely to explain status integration, and performance. These findings have significant implications for supply management theory and practice.     

Migration to 3G wireless broadband internet and real options: The case of an operator in India

The paper focuses on third generation wireless technologies and on alternative technologies for wireless local area networks. The authors present the evolutionary migration path from second to third generation systems. Technological, economic and behavioral factors related to decision-making towards the migration are proposed. As an example, the paper studies the case of the national incumbent operator of India. It analyzes qualitatively the migration problem from the perspective of the operator, the equipment manufacturer and the users. For the quantitative analysis, real options are used to value the investment decisions. The analysis suggests that the initial (sunk) investment cost, the average revenue per user, the growth of the subscriber base and the volatility of the markets are the key factors in the investment process.     

Collectivism,individualism, and outgroup cooperation in a segmented China

A consistent theme in cross-cultural management research is that collectivists are more cooperative than individualists. We use Hofstede's measure for individualism–collectivism and combine it with an experimental measure of cooperation to test this relationship in China. In contrast to the established paradigm, we find that groups with higher individualistic scores are more cooperative than those groups with higher collectivistic scores. We attribute these results to groups being composed of outgroup members. In addition, we find that subjects from the more developed coastal area are more individualistic and cooperative than are subjects from inland China.

Cost allocation of WCDMA and wholesale pricing for mVoIP and data services

This study estimates cost-based prices for wholesale voice and data services provided to 3G (WCDMA) MVNOs according to their distinct types. For estimation, 3G MVNOs are classified into different types, and the overall cost of WCDMA facilities are separated into voice and data components based on their subscriber rates, actual traffic rates, as well as efficiency consideration of traffic rates. The study then calculates cost-based wholesale prices of voice and data services for each of the 3G MVNO types. The result of this study shows that a cost-plus pricing scheme can help achieve the policy goals of the regulator, namely, lowering telecommunications tariffs and facilitating the introduction of new convergent-type services, far more effectively than the current retail-minus pricing scheme. The findings of this study may assist firms in developing business models based on 3G networks and telecom regulators in designing policies related to interconnection, mVoIP, prepaid calls, wholesale services, and network neutrality.     

压入式局部通风技术及管理

局部通风技术及管理在大中小型煤矿广泛应用,如何管理和应用局部通风是掘进安全生产不可忽视的环节,无论从风量的设计、各种安全设施的使用等都是非常重要的。有一套系列化的设计和管理模式是掘进安全生产的重要保证,本文从掘进设计到掘进结束做了详细的使用和管理。