共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
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在今年的国家科学技术奖励大会上,我国农药类科技成果有三项获得2010年度国家科学技术进步奖(二等奖):细菌农药新资源及产业化新技术工艺研究,芽孢杆菌生物杀菌剂的研制与应用,鱼藤酮生物农药产业体系的构建及关键技术集成。从获得的奖项来看,都是生物农药。 相似文献
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作为有害生物的防治剂,农药可有效控制农林有害生物,保护农业生产。研究我国农药产业行业技术创新的问题,对于政府部门制定促进农药产业发展的政策,具有十分重要的理论意义和实践意义。本文以产业经济理论、可持续发展理论与环境经济学为理论基础,运用历史与逻辑统一、比较研究与实证分析相结合的研究方法,分析了我国农药行业经营环境,指出了农药行业技术创新存在着对技术创新的保护力度不够,销售体系对技术创新的支撑力不强,信息化水平尚待提高等问题,提出了加强销售和服务网络建设,针对不同地区、不同作物配制产品,成立专门的事业部研制生物农药等对策。 相似文献
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一种新型无公害植物质杀虫剂──3.5%苦皮素乳油在新乡市东风化工厂投入批量生产河南省新乡市东风化工厂主要生产生物农药、高中档油漆、建筑涂料和聚合硫酸铁水处理剂等精细化工产品。去年底,该厂与河南省科学院化学研究所、河南省农药检定所联合研制成功一种新型无... 相似文献
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生物农药因其不污染环境、对人和动植物安全、选择性强、不伤害害虫天敌、害虫难以产生抗药性而受到世界各国的高度重视,并将逐步替代化学农药.国务院近日发布的《生物产业发展规划》农用生物制品发展行动计划明确提出,到2015年,高效、安全、经济和环境友好的农药品种占总产量的50%以上,高毒、高残留品种的产量由5%降至3%以下,生物农药比例进一步提高.
如何才能达标?进一步利用基因工程手段,充分挖掘利用我国丰富的生物资源优势,研制开发安全、 相似文献
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通过对石家庄市农药企业现状调查研究,并结合国内国际的农药行业的现状及发展趋势,有针对性的提出了在环境危机下石家庄市实施产业结构调整、建立研发中心、促进企业合作升级、组建农药三废处理和包装回收中心系统等一系列具体措施,真正实现石家庄市农药行业的可持续发展。 相似文献
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中国以国家干预、政府主导为特征的农药管理政策,在维护国家粮食安全、环境影响控制和农产品质量安全方面已经取得了较大进展,但目前政府主导、事前监管为主的农药负面影响管理忽视了市场和组织的力量及其在事中和事后监管中的优势,效率亟待提高。文章构建了一个政府监督、调控衣药负面影响的分析框架,应用这一新的分析框架加强和改善政府对农药负面影响的管理和调控,就需要以政府为主体,创新农药管理体制;同时重视发挥、培育市场和组织的力量。 相似文献
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中药中农药残留分析技术进展 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
通过文献调研,对中药中农药残留分析技术作了较全面叙述,主要包括3部分:1)中药中农药残留的提取与净化;2)目前我国常用的农药残留检测技术;3)近期发展的农药残留样品前处理新技术(如固相萃取、超临界流体萃取、基体固相分散萃取等)以及检测新技术(如超临界流体色谱、免疫分析和生物传感器等)。 相似文献
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近年来农药总的发展趋势是对靶标生物高效,对环境和非靶标生物安全。氟特殊的理化性质为其在农药中赢得了重要地位。在生物活性分子结构-活性的设计过程中引入氟,可以通过影响脂溶性、稳定性、渗透性中的任何一种性能来改变其生物活性;也可以通过改变影响构效关系的各种因素如特异性,结合靶标受体或酶,从施用点运输到目标位点,阻碍代谢失活等作用来增强化合物的性能。氟的重要作用体现在含氟农药的数量在过去的几十年中增加了3倍多。最近十几年为背景,分析了含氟农药在该领域占有重要地位的原因和最新的发展状况以及面临的挑战。 相似文献
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We study levels and trends in agricultural pesticide use for a large cross-section of countries using FAO data for the period 1990–2009. Our analysis shows that a 1% increase in crop output per hectare is associated with a 1.8% increase in pesticide use per hectare but that the growth in intensity of pesticide use levels off as countries reach a higher level of economic development. However, very few high income countries have managed to significantly reduce the level of intensity of their pesticide use, because decreases in insecticide use at higher income levels are largely offset by increases in herbicide and fungicide use. The results also show very rapid growth in the intensity of pesticide use for several middle income countries such as Brazil, Mexico, Uruguay, Cameroon, Malaysia and Thailand. Complementing our analysis with data from the Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent (PIC), we show that hazardous pesticides covered in the PIC procedure are more weakly regulated in lower than in higher income countries. We discuss the policy challenges facing developing countries with a rapid growth in pesticide use and recommend a four-pronged strategy, including an environmental tax on pesticides with revenues allocated to long-term investments in awareness building, the development of integrated crop management methods and the setting of food safety standards. The interactions between these measures should help contribute to the effectiveness of the overall strategy package. 相似文献
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《Food Policy》2016
The cultivation of crops outside the regular cropping calendar when supply is low and prices are high can give farmers better profits and consumers more choice. However, off-season production may increase pesticide risk if crops are more affected by pests and diseases and farmers do not handle pesticides correctly. This study quantified the effect of training in off-season tomato production on the income and pesticide use of smallholder vegetable farmers in southwestern Bangladesh. The study uses farm-level data from 94 trained and 151 non-trained farm households and applies propensity score matching and inverse probability weighting to correct for selection bias. For the average smallholder vegetable farmer, training increased net household income by about 48%. We found that 31% of the trained farm households who had initially adopted the technology continued its use in the second year, but farm households who discontinued using the technology also experienced significant income gains from the training. There was a significant increase in pesticide use (+56%) and although there was an improvement in pesticide handling practices, trained farmers may have been more exposed to pesticide health risk. The policy implication is that while off-season vegetable production can create dramatic income improvements, it is important to emphasize safe and sustainable pest management methods as part of policies promoting it. 相似文献