Asymmetric interactions between foreign and domestic banks: effects on market entry

An inverted U‐shaped relationship is thought to exist between the number of firms entrenched in a market and the rate of new entrants. This study examined early and late entry by foreign and U.S. banks into the California market following a deregulation in the banking industry in the early 1980s. The study was designed to elucidate the competitive interactions between foreign and domestic banks. Specifically, what response did the entry of foreign banks elicit from domestic banks and what influence did the entry of domestic banks exert on the evolution of the foreign banks in the market. Data covering the period from 1979 to 1988 demonstrate that the density of foreign banks operating in the market had a U‐shaped relationship with the rate of entry of U.S. banks, supporting the argument that foreign investment can encourage the expansion of domestic banks. Although foreign banks were not an obstacle to domestic bank entries, the presence of domestic banks deterred the entry of foreign banks. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

我国商业银行的多元化经营分析

本文运用企业多元化经营战略理论，引入Entropy指标衡量多元化程度，运用面板数据分析的方法对我国商业银行的多元化经营的绩效进行分析的结论是．我国商业银行多元化经营对经济绩效产生了正向的影响，但影响系数很小；主业水平和规模大小影响商业银行多元化经营的绩效；我国商业银行的多元化经营都未能分散风险，而且股份制商业银行分散风险的效果比国有商业银行差。     

Is there a liability of foreignness in global banking? An empirical test of banks' X‐efficiency

When a company operates outside of its home country, it may suffer a ‘liability of foreignness.’ Does this a priori theoretical expectation hold in the global banking industry? Banks increasingly compete outside of their home countries, and operating environments often differ sharply across countries, both in terms of financial markets and credit risk. In this paper, we report the results of an empirical test of the liability of foreignness in the global banking industry, using Fitch–IBCA BankScope data for the period 1989–96. Our findings strongly support the liability of foreignness hypothesis. Further, the data show some evidence that the X‐efficiency of a foreign‐owned bank is strongly influenced by the competitiveness of its home country and the host country in which it operates. Lastly, we find that in some environments U.S.‐owned banks are more X‐efficient than other foreign‐owned banks in some environments, but less X‐efficient in others. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Effects of ATM Surcharges on Small Banking Organizations

Effective April 1, 1996, the Cirrus and Plus national ATM networks modified their operating rules to allow ATM owners to impose surcharges on other banks' customers who use their ATMs. Since 1996, surcharging has become widespread and has attracted a great deal of opposition. Among other things, surcharge opponents argue that the imposition of surcharges will cause customers to shift their deposits away from small banks that own few ATMs, toward large banks that own extensive networks of ATMs. This article provides empirical evidence regarding the effects of surcharging on small banks' deposit market shares and profitability.     

The effects of management policy on the performance of Islamic banks

This study examines the effects of management controlled variables on the performance of Islamic banks. Management controlled variables are related to assets, liabilities and expenses management. This study indicates that three major investment activities are revenue generating activities for Islamic banks, whereas savings and investment deposits are costs to the banks. As expected, total expenses are positively correlated with profitability.The author is Associate Professor of Banking and Finance at the School of Management, The Northern University of Malaysia, Malaysia. He wishes to thank an anonymous referee for providing helpful comments and suggestions.     

Location and competition in retail banking

We investigate the impact of banking deregulation during the 1990s on consumer welfare. We estimate a spatial model of consumer demand for retail bank deposits that explicitly accounts for consumer disutility from distance traveled. This is important given the substantial changes in banks' branch networks observed in the data. Our model indicates that cross-price elasticities between banks whose branches are close to consumers (‘close’ banks) are larger than those between ‘far’ banks and more than double the cross-price elasticity of ‘close’ banks with respect to ‘far’ banks. We distinguish between thrifts and other banks and find that within-thrift competitive effects are stronger than within-bank effects or those between thrifts and banks. We use our estimates to predict the effect of changes in market structure on consumer welfare following the branching deregulation of the Riegle–Neal Act of 1994. Our results indicate that the median household gained around $60 per year from the changes. Approximately two thirds of the gains come from within-market changes in market structure. The gains were greater in markets with high initial numbers of banks than elsewhere.     

我国村镇银行可持续发展问题研究

目前，政府相关机构对村镇银行的扶持力度逐渐加大，包括国有制银行、股份制银行以及外资银行在内的众多银行，纷纷增强在村镇银行方面进行布局。针对目前我国村镇银行的数量以及分布状况，对其在发展中存在的问题进行分析，从而提出村镇银行可持续发展的对策。     

JOINT VENTURE BUY‐OUTS UNDER UNCERTAINTY*

This paper provides a theory of joint venture buy‐outs in the presence of demand uncertainty. In an infinite horizon framework with demand uncertainty, we consider a foreign firm's decision on whether to form a joint venture or to open a fully owned subsidiary. Without the possibility of future share adjustment, the foreign firm enters the market through a joint venture if the host‐country firm helps to reduce the uncertainty significantly. Consequently, the firm enters at an earlier point in time compared to the situation in which opening a fully owned subsidiary is the only option to the firm. The possibility of future share adjustment in the joint venture further increases the incentive to speed up foreign investment. Although the possibility of share adjustment results in a joint venture buy‐out and can reduce the future profits of the host‐country firm, it may increase host‐country welfare by attracting foreign investment at an earlier point in time. We show the implications of learning in the joint venture.     

银行业对外开放对我国农村经济发展的影响

以银行业开放为视角,在介绍我国银行业开放现状的基础上,分析了当前银行业开放对我国农村经济发展的不利影响：银行业开放并没有优化农村金融资源的配置,反而加剧了农村资金供求的矛盾,同时也降低了农村金融服务水平。通过分析,提出了银行业开放条件下发展我国农村经济的几点建议。     

商业银行转型与其风险投资行为

面对内外环境的变化,转型之中的商业银行纷纷进军风险投资领域。这种行为究竟是权宜之计还是长久之策呢?文章基于实践的层面,从理论上分析了我国商业银行环境约束、市场驱动下的风险投资动因,说明了其基于合作共赢联合组合的风险投资策略,归纳出其外围服务、曲线股权直投和专业银行的风险投资模式。     

浅谈私人银行业务在我国内地商业银行的发展

私人银行业务是指以商业银行为主的金融机构面向社会富裕人士提供的以财富管理为中心的一揽子专业化的高层次金融服务.而随着中国经济金融的全面开放和内地富裕群体的日益壮大,外资银行纷纷企图在这一利润丰厚的财富蛋糕上沾点甜头.这项涵盖银行、保险、证券、信托、遗产安排、艺术品收藏与拍卖等领域的多元化服务,将成为中资银行丰厚利润的新...     

The Impact of Private Equity on Employment: The Consequences of Fund Country of Origin—New Evidence from France

This article explores the country of origin effects of private equity investment on employment in France. Using propensity score matching methodology applied to establishment‐level survey data, we find that foreign investors are significantly more likely to induce job shedding and employment insecurity than are French investors. As suggested by the literature on comparative capitalism, national differences may persist in conjunction with commonalities and trends in global capitalism.     

外资影响我国银行业的理论与现实分析

近年来,我国逐步放开对外资银行的限制,加之我国正在对国有商业银行进行股份制改革,外资进入对我国银行业的影响关系到国家的经济安全。系统总结关于外资银行进入对东道国银行业的效率和稳定方面的理论分析,考察外资对中国银行业的效率与稳定的现实影响,有利于我国银行业的长远发展。     

经济政策不确定性与银行贷款损失准备计提

银行贷款损失准备计提的顺周期特征加剧金融系统的不稳定,受到学界和业界的广泛关注,监管机构逐步要求银行采取前瞻性的计提策略以应对贷款损失准备的顺周期特征,经济发展越来越受到宏观经济政策不确定性的影响,银行是否考虑当前经济政策不确定性,对贷款损失准备进行前瞻性计提?本文选取2004—2017年中国126家商业银行数据,研究经济政策不确定性对银行贷款损失准备计提的影响。实证分析发现,经济政策不确定性与贷款损失准备计提显著正相关,经济政策不确定性越大,贷款损失准备计提越多,在考虑地级市领导人更替、银行高管更替、宏观经济层面遗漏变量,以及使用工具变量的内生性分析后,结果保持稳健。异质性分析发现,这一效应在上市银行、外资持股比例较高、中小银行中表现更为明显。从银行风险管理角度的机制分析发现,不良贷款越多、风险储备越少的银行,经济政策不确定性增加时,计提的贷款损失准备越多,说明风险预防动机是其主要目的。进一步的分析发现,银行在经济政策不确定性较高时增加计提,有助于稳定银行收益、降低银行破产风险。本文的研究从经济政策不确定性的视角,为中国银行贷款损失准备计提的理论和实践提供了新的解释。     

资本结构、债权治理与公司绩效:一项经验分析

公司债权的治理作用与公司绩效之间存在着密切的逻辑联系。应将不同的制度因素与一国企业的独有特征作为解释债权治理效用的初始条件。经验分析表明：中国上市公司的资本结构存在着诸多不合理的特征，债权治理表现出无效性。政府部门应大力完善债权人行权的制度环境；深化国有商业银行的公司公改造，打造独立的债权主体；加快发展企业债券市场并加大培育机构投资者的力度；允许银行对企业进行战略性特股并完善主办银行制度。     

Pricing strategies of transnational corporations

This paper uses data collected from 111 transnational corporations which operated 153 subsidiaries in the ASEAN region (Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, and the Philippines) to analyze their pricing practices in the host country markets in relationship to the corporations home country and to the structural characteristics of the host country market. The data collected in this study is thus used to analyze the determinants of predatory pricing, intercountry price discrimination, and price leadership.The author is with the Centre for International Business Studies, School of Business Administration, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.     

我国商业银行零售业务转型研究

阐述了国内商业银行零售业务转型的五大动因,即适应客户消费习惯变化动因、抢抓客户财富商机动因、反制双重脱媒动因、获取市场定价主动权动因和实施战略资本管理动因。总结了国内外商业银行零售业务的转型经验,包括客户为本、产品为基、服务为魂、渠道为王、科技为撑、队伍为源。进而提出了国内商业银行零售业务转型的策略。     

我国主要国家级开发区的运行效率及提升路径选择——基于外资与土地利用视角

本文从外资与土地的集约利用角度,将国家级开发区的发展划分为四种模式,利用数据包络分析对我国27个国家级开发区2004—2006年的土地利用效率和外资利用效率进行实证分析,发现形成了外资与土地利用效率双高的集约高效发展模式,以及外资与土地利用效率一高一低的失衡发展模式的开发区都很少,大量存在的是外资与土地利用效率双低的粗放型发展模式,并据此提出单边突破式、扬优补劣渐进式,以及短期积蓄能量跨越式发展等几种效率提升路径。     

Antecedents and performance consequences of learning success in international joint ventures

This study examined a sample of organizations involved in international joint ventures, (IJVs) in Malaysia. Drawing upon the resource based view of the firm this paper investigates the antecedents and performance consequences of learning success of foreign partners in IJVs. Data was analysed using two-stage least squares regression (2SLS). Results suggest that a learning orientation, IJV partner mutual dependency and management control, have a positive effect upon the learning success. Results also suggest that organizations with higher levels of learning orientation and learning success have higher levels of business performance. The findings imply that foreign partners in IJVs that are successful in achieving their learning goals, and improving their knowledge, will be winners in terms of improving their business performance.     

FDI spillovers in an emerging market: the role of foreign firms' country origin diversity and domestic firms' absorptive capacity

Prior literature on foreign direct investment (FDI) spillovers has mainly focused on how the presence of FDI affects the productivity of domestic firms. In this study, we advance the literature by examining the effect of the diversity of FDI country origins on the productivity of domestic firms. We propose that the diversity of FDI country origins can facilitate FDI spillovers by increasing the variety of technologies and management practices brought by foreign firms, to which domestic firms are exposed and that they can potentially utilize. Further, the extent to which domestic firms can utilize these technologies and practices depends upon their absorptive capacity. Using panel data on Chinese manufacturing firms during the period 1998–2003, our results support these propositions. We find that the diversity of FDI country origins in an industry has a positive relationship with the productivity of domestic firms in the industry. This positive relationship is stronger when domestic firms are larger, and when the technology gap between FDI and the domestic firms is intermediate. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.