国外精大机床先进结构介绍(一)

近几年来,我厂进口了不少大型机床,同时在工作中接触了很多国外机床资料,从这些机床的结构特点上,我们可以看出现今国外的大型机床在导轨型式、执行件变形补偿、传动间隙的消除、主轴润滑系统及刀具装夹等方面都作了不少有效的改进,对提高加工精度和生产效率具有明显的作用,值得我们借鉴。为此,本文想就这些方面结合我厂的具体机床结构,作一些简要介绍,供设备更新改造作参考。静压导轨和滚动导轨导轨的运动精度与寿命直接影响机床工作     

用于机床滑动导轨的一种新材料 辐射接枝的聚四氟乙烯

导轨是机床的基础件,它的磨损直接影响到机床的性能和精度。机床大修时导轨修理工作量占50～60%,因此寻找机床导轨的耐磨材料,解决机床导轨的防爬,减磨、耐磨,是目前机床制造和维修行业的一个十分重要的课题。近三十年来,随着数控机床和精密机床的发展,提出了几种解决导轨耐磨问题的措施:采用静压导轨和滚动导轨,铸铁表面硬化,使用塑料导轨等。其中塑料导轨既能满足技术要求,又使用简便,成本也比其它方法低得多,因而成了滑动导轨发展方向之一。     

小长径比交叉滚子滚动导轨支承的设计特点

典型或标准的交叉圆柱滚子滚动导轨支承，其所用滚子的长径比为1或是非常接近于1。另一种结构是长径比远小于1的交叉圆柱滚子滚动导轨支承，这种结构克服了前者的一些缺陷，改善了动态性能，能够提供更高的承载能力和工作可靠性，以及更好的装配和维护性能。     

典型用户负荷特性及用电特点分析

在对上海、天津、北京等城市上百个典型用户的调研和分析的基础上,对不同类型用户负荷特性进行了对比分析,从负荷密度、年最大负荷利用小时数、负荷特性曲线等方面总结了各类型用户负荷特性的基本特点,为促进“十二五”期间配电网规划工作提高准确性,提出应加强用户用电信息收集和管理、开展典型用户优化组合研究等建议。     

滚动光栅在立车上的应用

数显应用于机床的位移测量已经获得了很大成功,并取得了明显的经济效益。但当测量距离较长时,一般的直线式感应同步器、光栅和磁栅等数显在安装调试上就显得较不方便,且维修困难,成本也随测量距离的加长而增加。最近出现了一种适用于测量长距离的新型光栅数显——滚动光栅。这种新型光栅具有结构紧凑、精度高、安装和使用方便等特点。由于它是靠摩擦轮在机床导轨面上的滚动,将滚动光栅输出的角位移信号转换为线位移进行测量,因此其测量长度不受限制,适合于各种中、大型的镗床、车床、铣床等。下面结合我厂在东德立车上应用滚动光栅的实例加以介绍。     

机床产品二则

CHK460亚干式切削全功能数控车床重庆机床（集团）有限责任公司生产的CHK460亚干式切削全功能数控车床，采用45°斜式床身结构，床身和床座均采用优质铸铁铸造，具有整体刚度高的特点；机床外观采用全封闭防护，可有效防止切屑和冷却液的飞溅；移动导轨采用高刚度的直线滚动导轨副，提高了控制轴的动态响应时间；主轴采用套筒式主轴单元，     

SK7450×9000型数控丝杠磨床

该机床是安阳鑫盛机床有限公司生产的国内磨削螺纹最大的数控丝杠磨床，它吸收了世界同类产品的新技术，成功应用了动静压主轴、滚动导轨和阻尼滑块、母丝杠驱动、整机热平衡及砂轮自动动平衡等技术，具有较好的性价比。     

滚动导轨副磨损原因分析以及技改措施

针对冲压生产线拆垛装置部位滚动导轨副频繁损坏问题,对失效原因进行分析和提出技改方案,确保冲压生产线安全、稳定运行。     

采用SF—2复合材料修复B1016A单臂刨导轨大面积拉伤

我厂B1016A×6m单臂刨床在导轨面多次出现拉伤后,先后采用对工作台和床身的各导轨面进行毛刺修刮油石磨光、锡铋合金补焊、502粘合剂配理化铁粉填补、铜丝喷涂覆盖等修复方法,但由于大面积拉伤处理困难、该机床切削加工负荷大,均未获得较理想的效果。后来采用了SF-2复合材料板覆盖在床身导轨面的办法进行了修复,经4年多较大负荷的运行,效果较好,达到了修复时间短,费用低、设备运行可靠的目的。一、SF-2复合材料简介 SF.2复合材料是国家科委近几年重点推广项目。     

立柱式升降机自动润滑系统

一种应用于立柱式升降机导轨滚动面的自动润滑系统。系统硬件组成及系统精确控制原理。     

水平井伤害机理及保护储层方法

介绍了水平井油气层伤害机理及近期研究结果,提出水平井油气层特性研究方向,根据国内外实际理论和工作经验,提出保护储层措施。     

高效能管壳式热交换器的技术进展及应用

从强化传热的强化机理出发,对各种强化型换热器的结构特点、强化效果、适用工况及应用进行了详细的分析,为正确选择强化型换热器提供了理论依据,并指出了当今强化传热研究的方向。     

全球价值链动力机制与产业发展策略

在经济全球化时代,融入全球分工体系,是避免在全球化进程中被边缘化的前提条件。在搞清楚如何融入全球分工体系和融入该体系后如何发展问题上,就需要对全球价值链的动力机制有一个充分认识。全球价值链片断化的驱动类型有生产者、购买者和混合型等三种动力机制。不同驱动模式下产业集群形成方式、市场竞争规则和升级轨迹等也是不同的。本研究在全球价值链动力机制理论论述中,结合诸多实证分析,探讨了经济全球化过程中中国应该如何在与发达国家之间的分工合作和竞争中谋求产业升级,从而最终步入中上等发达国家行列。     

基于Solidworks & SimMechanics的机构运动分析与仿真

介绍了几种常用机构运动分析的方法及特点,重点阐述了以Solidworks和SimMechanics 为工具,通过机构的实体造型、建立机构模型、设置各模块参数及仿真参数等环节,对摆动导杆机构和曲柄摇块机构在给定驱动力下的运动性能进行分析与仿真,绘制了机构关键点的运动特性曲线,得到了机构运动的仿真动画。指出这种机构运动分析...     

搅拌摩擦焊接装备及其过程控制研究进展

综述了搅拌摩擦焊接设备的发展现状,系统分析了这些设备的特点,并对搅拌摩擦焊接中位移控制、压力控制、焊缝跟踪等过程控制技术进行了概述。分析表明:搅拌摩擦焊接装备经历了铣床改装搅拌摩擦焊接设备、搅拌摩擦焊接专机、搅拌摩擦焊接机器人的发展过程;搅拌摩擦焊接机器人凭借高度柔韧性、多种模式过程控制、高度智能化的优势,将被广泛应用于多种工业制造领域,成为近期的研究热点;搅拌摩擦焊接过程控制技术目前主要侧重于压力监控、位移控制和焊缝跟踪,但是控制精度和稳定性均无法满足实际生产需求,因此高精度、高可靠性的多过程耦合控制技术是今后的重点研究内容。     

Cross‐National Analysis of Gender Differences in Job Satisfaction

Research over the past two decades has found significant gender differences in subjective job satisfaction, with the result that women report greater satisfaction than men in some countries. This paper examines the so‐called “gender paradox” using data from the European Social Survey for a subset of fourteen countries in the European Union. We focus on the hypothesis that women place higher values on certain work characteristics than men, which explains the observed differential. Using estimates from Probit and ordered Probit models, we conduct standard Blinder–Oaxaca decompositions to estimate the impact that differential valuations of characteristics have on the gender difference in self‐reported job satisfaction. The results indicate that females continue to report higher levels of job satisfaction than do men in some countries, and the difference remains even after controlling for a wide range of personal and job characteristics and working conditions. The decompositions suggest that a relatively small share of the gender differential is attributable to gender differences in the weights placed on working conditions in most countries. Rather, gender differences in job characteristics contribute relatively more to explaining the gender–job satisfaction differential.     

高速线材精轧辊破坏的分析

高速线材精轧机组采用集体传动、十架连轧,出口速度为70m/s。普通钢铁轧辊易磨损,轧制时难于保证连轧关系,且产品精度较低,而硬质合金轧辊以碳化钨作为基体材料,以金属钴或钴和镍为粘结材料制成,具有硬度高、耐磨损的性能,被广泛应用于高速线材精轧机组。但碳化钨轧辊在使用过程中很易碎裂,通过对碎裂原因进行分析,试图找出减少碎裂的途径。     

Coordinated capacity migration and expansion planning for semiconductor manufacturing under demand uncertainties

Semiconductor industry is very capital intensive in which capacity utilization significantly affect the capital effectiveness and profitability of semiconductor manufacturing companies. Due to constant technology advance driven by Moore's Law in semiconductor industry, multiple production technologies generally co-exist in a wafer fabrication facility with utilization of a pool of common tools for multiple technologies and critical tools dedicated for a specific technology. Because part of the equipment is common for products of different technologies, production managers have limited flexibility to dynamically allocate the capacity among the technologies via capacity migration. The possibility of capacity migration and interrelationship among different technologies make capacity planning difficult under demand and product-mix uncertainties.This paper aims to develop a dynamic optimization method that captures the unique characteristics of rolling demand forecast mechanism to solve capacity expansion and migration planning problems in semiconductor industry. In semiconductor industry, demand forecasts are rolling and updated when the latest market and demand information is available. This demand forecast mechanism makes forecast errors in different time periods correlated. We estimate the validity and robustness of the proposed dynamic optimization method in an empirical study in a semiconductor manufacturing company in Taiwan. The results showed practical viability of this approach and the findings can provide useful guidelines for capacity planning process under rolling forecast mechanism.     

基于EPC的石油工程项目伙伴关系管理模式研究

介绍了目前我国石油工程项目管理模式的类型并分析了这些模式存在的一些不足之处,提出了一种新的项目管理模式：EPC＋Partnering模式,解释了EPC＋Partnering模式的确切含义,分析了该模式的组织模式和职能设置以及运行机制,结合实例对该模式的可行性进行分析,最后提出了实施该模式的配套改革措施。     

The Challenge of Integrating AI & Smart Technology in Design Education

This paper examines some of the many problems and issues associated with integrating new and developing technologies into the education of future designers. As technology in general races ahead challenges arise for both commercial designers and educators on how best to keep track and utilise the advances. The challenge is particularly acute within tertiary education where the introduction of new cutting edge technology is often encouraged. Although this is generally achieved through the feedback of research activity, integrating new concepts at an appropriate level is a major task. Of particular concern is how focussed areas of applied technology can be made part of the multidisciplinary scope of design education.The paper describes the model used to introduce areas of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to undergraduate industrial design students. The successful interaction of research and education within a UK higher education establishment are discussed and project examples given. It is shown that, through selective tuition of research topics and appropriate technical support, innovative design solutions can result. In addition, it shows that by introducing leading edge and, in some cases, underdeveloped technology, specific key skills of independent learning, communication and research methods can be encouraged.