服装定价基础及影响因素探析

服装定价基础及影响因素是指对服装价格的制定起基础作用及影响作用的诸因素，一般可概括为成本、品牌、档次、流行周期、竞争、需求价格弹性、季节等几方面。作为社会大众四大必需消费品之一的服装，同时也是一种商品，其价格的制定仍然要遵循价值规律，即服装商品的价格...     

国内外天然气价格水平比较分析

通过对天然气价格水平进行国际比较和等热值比较,证实我国天然气出厂价格偏低,住宅用气价格偏低,工业用气价格偏高;分析了我国天然气价格水平背后的福利含义和效率含义,认为价格扭曲会带来需求的急剧膨胀和供给短缺。建议在政府规制框架内不断完善天然气价格改革,形成灵活的、考虑市场竞争因素的定价机制;改变目前使用的成本加成法,逐步过渡到净值回推定价方法。     

摸底 把脉 预警 展望 中国服装协会开展产业集群调研

当前形势下,我国服装产业面临着原材料价格不稳定、招工难和用工成本提升、人民币升值压力加大、流动资金紧张、融资成本增加等不利因素,产业发展步入转型期,产业集群升级和结构调整成为我国服装业所面临的迫切需求。为摸清我国服装产业集群现     

服装加权定价法

服装价格决策是服装企业最重要的经营决策之一。科学合理的制定新上市服装的售价,适当调整原有上市服装的售价,是企业实现经营目标和提高经济效益的重要途径。目前不少企业在其服装定价和调价中,未能全面分析和正确评价有关因素对服装价格的影响,而往往带有较大的主观性、盲目性和随意性。这不仅对企业本身产生诸多消极影响,也不利于整个服装行业和服装市场的健康发展。有鉴于此,笔者提出如下加权定价法,可供企业在服装定价和调价中予以参考。一、以服装成本为基础确定标准价一般讲,成本是影响服装价格的最基本因素,服装价格应等于…     

中国纺织服装专业市场的业态演进与发展趋势研究

纺织服装专业市场是中国纺织服装产品重要的商贸流通业态,是中国商贸流通创新体系的重要构成部分;伴随纺织服装产业的发展,在市场规模、营销功能和作用等方面不断推陈出新、发展壮大和升级换代。本文就中国纺织服装专业市场的业态演变及其发展特点进行了分析与总结,并对新时期我国纺织服装专业市场的未来发展趋势提出见解。     

2023,纺机会不会“王者归来”?

<正>去年以来，行业发展面临的外部环境日益复杂，整体需求低迷、成本高涨导致的供需压力逐渐增加。从内销来看，受实际收入放缓等因素的影响，我国居民衣着消费支出下降，对纺织服装产品的消费意愿降低。从出口来看，2022年以来受国际地缘政治局势紧张、全球通胀加剧、海外主要市场消费需求疲软等因素的影响，下半年纺织品服装出口开始走弱，四季度行业出口同比下降，产业链各个环节生产经营压力持续加大。     

服装消费逐渐走向成熟

随着国民经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,服装市场正呈现出多姿多彩的局面,服装的需求也开始进入稳定发展的新时期,消费者对于服装的需求也变得越来越理智。影响服装消费的最主要因素是消费者的收入,其次的因素是服装的价格。当前城镇居民的收入增加趋缓,非消费收入...     

内需“新大陆”的崛起

“环渤海地区作为与长三角和珠三角并行的三大纺织服装产业经济带之一,面辅料产品需求未获满足,亟需完善产业链配套资源,今后必将成为拉动我国纺织服装产业发展发挥的重要力量之一。”日前,在“《环渤海地区轻纺产品需求调研报告》暨环渤海地区纺织产品市场拓展营销论坛”上,中国纺织工业协会副会长陈树津表示,受成本、劳动力资源和能源资源的影响,纺织服装加工业日益加快了从东、南部向中西部地区、北方地区梯度转移的速度,环渤海地区的纺织产业应积极做好承接产业转移的准备,促进纺织服装产业链的交流与衔接。     

关于举办“2005中国国际纺织服装物流与电子商务峰会”的通知

各省市纺织工业协会、各纺织产业集群试点地区、各相关单位与纺织企业:为加快纺织服装产业物流与电子商务的发展,提高行业物流与电子商务应用水平,进一步降低企业生产和流通成本,增强企业的快速反应能力,中国纺织工业协会定于2005年9月20日在江苏省无锡市举办“2005中国国际纺织服装物流与电子商务峰会”。本次峰会将着眼于产业升级的需要,提高全社会对纺织服装业物流服务的认识、理解与应用,促进物流服务、物流技术与纺织服装业的紧密结合与创新发展,探讨如何建立、健全纺织服装企业全程物流信息管理系统,以及如何以流通加工、货运代理、信…     

服装排料的技术要求与影响因素分析

在成衣业,排料是否合理直接影响到耗料的多少,提高排料利用率是降低生产成本、提高产品竞争力的主要手段之一。本文探讨分析了目前服装工业排料的主要技术要求以及影响排料效果的影响因素,为服装生产企业提供参考。     

Proliferation of Brewers’ Brands and Price Uniformity in Canadian Beer Markets

In this paper, we study retail pricing in Canadian beer markets, where access to the liquor distribution system and the retail price list is restricted by government ownership and control of the system. We consider alternative explanations for price uniformity in the differentiated beer products market. While an analysis of retail beer price data from six Canadian provinces for a 10-year period shows that no single explanation of price uniformity strongly dominates the others, some of the results are consistent with menu cost and demand uncertainty theories of price uniformity.     

The US fashion industry: A supply chain review

The fashion industry has short product life cycles, tremendous product variety, volatile and unpredictable demand, and long and inflexible supply processes. These characteristics, a complex supply chain and wide availability of data make the industry a suitable avenue for efficient supply chain management practices. The industry has also been in a transition over the last 20 years: significant consolidation in retail, majority of apparel manufacturing operations moving overseas and, more recently, increasing use of electronic commerce in retail and wholesale trade. This paper aims to review the current state of operations and recent trends across the fashion supply chain in the US. We use industry-wide data, articles from business journals, industry reviews and extensive interviews with an apparel manufacturer in California, and a major US department store chain to describe the current operational practices and how the industry is restructuring itself during the transition, focusing at the apparel manufacture and retail segments of the supply chain.     

The relative price discipline of domestic versus foreign entry

In this paper we combine data on industry entry, imports, and producer price indexes for 46 4-digit SIC industries over the 1972 to 1987 period to determine the impact of entry on industry pricing. Domestic entry's restraining influence is weak and occurs only at high levels of concentration while import changes exhibit a procompetitive influence for lower levels of concentration that include nearly all industries in the sample. In addition, the threat of foreign entry plays a role in disciplining domestic pricing; the impact of nontariff barriers on price changes seems to increase with concentration levels.Professors of Economics, The American University and Bryant College, respectively. This paper is a revision of one presented at the 1992 ASSA meetings in New Orleans. We are grateful to the discussants Cindy Alexander and H. E. Frech for their comments, and we also thank Don Alexander, Roger Sherman, and two anonymous referees for their comments on earlier drafts. We alone are responsible for any remaining errors.     

The Access Pricing Problem with Deregulation: A Note

This note extends the analysis of Armstrong, Doyle and Vickers [1996] to the case of retail price deregulation. It is shown (i) that the optimal access price may be above, below, or (in the linear case) equal to marginal cost, (ii) that optimal regulation of the margin between the retail price and the access price entails the ECPR, and (iii) that welfare and entrant profit are higher when the level of the access price, rather than the margin, is regulated.     

Diffusion and Performance of Modular Production in the U.S. Apparel Industry

This article examines the determinants of the diffusion of team production systems (modular assembly) and the impact of these systems on firm performance relative to traditional assembly systems in the apparel industry. The article draws on an extensive survey providing detailed information on a wide range of manufacturing practices and retail relationships in the U.S. apparel industry. We find that recent diffusion of modular practices is driven primarily by the product market. We also show that modular systems affect business-unit performance (particularly operating profits) where they are combined with complementary investments in information systems linking apparel suppliers with retail customers.     

An empirical investigation of the determinants of asymmetric pricing

This article empirically investigates the cause of asymmetric pricing: retail prices responding faster to cost increases than decreases. Using daily price data for over 11,000 retail gasoline stations, I find that prices fall more slowly than they rise as a consequence of firms extracting informational rents from consumers with positive search costs. Premium gasoline prices are shown to fall more slowly than regular fuel prices, which supports theories based upon competition with consumer search. Further testing also rejects focal price collusion as an important determinant of asymmetric pricing.     

Cartel sustainability in retail markets: Evidence from a health service sector

This paper studies the role of cost asymmetries and product differentiation on cartel sustainability by drawing data from a failed retail cartel. Unlike the extensive theoretical literature, little empirical evidence exists on these relationships. First, we analyze cartel compliance and find that players are more likely to comply when cost is symmetric and own cost is high. Next, based on a structural model and counterfactual experiments, we show that a cartel price that satisfies all cartel members does not exist. This result indicates an inherent difficulty of sustaining collusion in retail markets with heterogeneous players. We also show that firm heterogeneities, especially product differentiation rather than cost asymmetries, hinder collusion more. Finally, we derive the level of patience (or the discount factor) required for cartel sustainability when firms split profits based on the Shapley value.     

The Effect of Consumer Switching Costs on Prices: A Theory and its Application to the Bank Deposit Market

As demonstrated by Klemperer (1987), if households face a cost of switching among brands of a differentiated good, pricing is likely to be more competitive, the greater is the fraction of customers that move into or around the market. I generalize this theory to a world with arbitrary market structure and test it empirically using panel data on bank retail deposit interest rates. I find that the amount of household migration in a market has a significant competitive influence on price markups, that is, a positive effect on the level of deposit interest rates. Consistent with the model, the magnitude of this effect depends in some cases upon the degree of market concentration.     

Fashion retail forecasting by evolutionary neural networks

Recent literature on nonlinear models has shown that neural networks are versatile tools for forecasting. However, the search for an ideal network structure is a complex task. Evolutionary computation is a promising global search approach for feature and model selection. In this paper, an evolutionary computation approach is proposed in searching for the ideal network structure for a forecasting system. Two years’ apparel sales data are used in the analysis. The optimized neural networks structure for the forecasting of apparel sales is developed. The performances of the models are compared with the basic fully connected neural networks and the traditional forecasting models. We find that the proposed algorithms are useful for fashion retail forecasting, and the performance of it is better than the traditional SARIMA model for products with features of low demand uncertainty and weak seasonal trends. It is applicable for fashion retailers to produce short-term retail forecasting for apparels, which share these features.     

Competition in the Computer Industry: Online Versus Retail

This paper estimates the price sensitivity of individuals' choice of whether to buy computers online versus in retail stores using a new data source on the computer purchases of more than 20,000 people. The paper first fits hedonic regressions for the retail price of computers in a local area and then examines how that price influences the probability of buying online. The results indicate that the decision is sensitive to the relative price of retail computers and it varies by type of customer and type of computer. Conditional on buying a computer, the elasticity of buying remotely with respect to retail store prices is about 1.5.