原纤化天丝纤维纯纺前纺质量控制实践与探讨

1 天丝纤维的原纤化特性 原纤化的主要表现是纤维可以沿纵向将更细的微细纤维逐层剖离出来，这是具有原纤构造的纤维所特有的一种结构特征。具有典型原纤构造的纤维在从大分子到最后聚敛成为纤维的历程中应包括有基原纤、微原纤、原纤、巨原纤，再到纤维这样几个由小到大的结构层次。然而，并不是所有纤维都有这样完善的结构层次。有些纤维可能会跳过其中的某些层次直接跨入更高一级的层次，而有的纤维则完全没有这样的结构层次。对于天然纤维来说，包括相应的纤维素物质，由于自然生长的特点，一般都有明显的原纤构造。     

多种原料交织物服用性能的比较研究

以纤维原料对织物服用性能的影响进行研究,选择几种线密度相同而原料不同的纱线。试织出12种不同原料的交织物,并进行了各种服用性能的测试。最后得出结论为：毛／涤与Tencel交织物透气性最好;棉与Tencel交织物透水性最好;毛／涤与大豆蛋白／毛织物保暖性最好;棉与竹浆织物吸湿性最好;毛／涤与竹浆织物悬垂性最好;棉与Tencel织物抗起毛起球性能最好;毛/涤与涤纶／Tencel织物耐磨性最好。     

TencelA100牛仔布的开发及工艺研究

TencelA100纤维是英国Acordis公司研制开发的一种新型“天丝”纤维,该纤维属于纤维素纤维,它不同于Tencel租TencelG100纤维,这种纤维不存在原纤化现象,纤维在加工中无污染,TencelA100干强和湿强大,湿模量大,手感柔软,性能优良,它不仅具有天然纤维的优点,而且还具有合成纤维的良好性能,所以纺织产品的开发研制与生产具有较高的附加值,较大的市场覆盖率和广阔的发展前景。     

Tencel与蚕蛹蛋白纤维/Modal混纺纱交织宽幅缎条织物的开发

探讨生产以Tencel短纤纱为经纱,以蚕蛹蛋白纤维/Modal混纺纱为纬纱的宽幅缎条织物的工艺要点,通过合理设计整经、浆纱以及织造各工序的工艺参数,在宽幅喷气织机上成功开发生产出Tencel与蚕蛹蛋白纤维/Modal混纺纱交织高密宽幅缎条织物,织机效率达87%,入库一等品率达92.5%。     

Modal纤维是否环保

Modal纤维和Tencel纤维同属纤维素纤维。Modal纤维是一种变化型的高温模量粘胶纤维,由于原料和纺织方法不同,纤维的超分子结构与粘胶纤维大有区别。它的干、湿强力、缩水率均比普通粘胶纤维好。它和Tencel纤维一样,用它制成的各类织物色泽鲜艳、手感柔软、顺滑,并有丝质感。由于     

天然纤维原纤化处理的新工艺

Woolmark(欧洲)公司开发了一种用于提高天然纤维原纤化的工艺。根据国际专利WO02/46519,该技术虽然可应用于各种纤维,但主要用于处理角蛋白纤维,如羊毛。其处理产生的原纤,直径为3～5μm,长度在25～60μm之间。该工艺可用于处理机织物、针织物以及非织造布。该工艺主要是一种预处理,可以去除、改性以及改变角蛋白纤维的表面化学性能。关键的步骤为:(1)预处理除去表面类脂物,即鳞片层;(2)预处理除去或部分除去细胞间胶接物;(3)在水中进行机械搅动处理以完成原纤化。在羊毛处理中,使用氧化剂去除类脂物。氧化剂有过一硫酸及其盐、二氯异氰尿…     

生态纤维简介

一、Lyocell纤维Tencel纤维是英国COURTAULDS公司生产的第一代再生纤维的商品名称,学名为Lyocell纤维,其生产过程不污染环境,不破坏生态,纤维手感柔软,吸湿率高(11%),干湿强度相差不多,形成的织物尺寸稳定性好。Lyocell纤维采用的原料是木浆,其木材采用的也是速生木材,即原料的再生性好。Lyocell纤维制造时用有机胺氧化物(N-甲基吗啉)的有机溶剂来溶解木质素,溶剂纺丝是封闭工艺路线,同时有机胺氧化物的有机溶剂是无害的。当Lyocell纤维及其织物废弃后,可以生物降解处理,分解为二氧化碳和水。Lyocell纤维分两类,标准Tencel纤维(有微…     

“司林克”新型涤纶改性短纤维

司林克纤维是一种通过物理和化学改性方法而制得的具有高收缩性能,常温常压状态下分散染料可染的新型差别化改性涤纶短纤维。纤维的收缩给纱线和织物带来重要的变化,是化纤织物获得蓬松、柔软、丰满,改善光泽、外观,提高吸湿性,实现自然化、短纤化、仿真化的重要途径。纤维的收缩性能也成为差别化的重要内容。当纤维的收缩特性与其他差别化技术相结合,与混纤,包芯,包缠等加工技术相结合则效果更加突出。在许多新合纤产品中形成高蓬松,高悬垂性获得高仿真、高感性风格,大多运用了纤维异收缩的差别化技术。司林克纤维在热的作用下能够产生较大…     

天丝织物主要质量问题分析

Tencel纤维服装以及产业用品深受消费者青睐。然而目前产品质量问题不少，总体水平不高，其中较突出的是光洁织物泛白性色差、色挡、棉粒类疵品较多；桃皮绒类织物出现绒毛不均匀；混纺交织单色类织物色差较普遍；粗厚类织物的折痕、擦伤、色斑等疵品较严重。     

开发“Tencel”与变性苎麻混纺纱的技术探讨

1、前言 Tencel是一种环保型纤维素纤维,专家预言21世纪定是功能性纤维和环保纤维的天下,时至新世纪的今天,Tencel以其强力高、手感好,穿着舒适等优良特性风靡世界,并且Tencel非常适合与纤维素纤维混纺。 苎麻俗称“中国草”,是极富特色的纺织原料。苎麻纺织品以其滑爽、透气、古朴、自然倍受欢迎,但由于纤维刚性大,穿着有粗糙和刺痒感,易起皱等缺陷。如何发挥苎麻优势,开发高档苎麻面料,便成为苎麻行业当务之急。我厂用Tencel与变性苎麻混纺可以最大限度地发挥两种纤维的优点。 随着人们环保意识的增强和对自然的崇尚,这一     

绿色环保纤维的运用研究

文章分析了绿色环保纤维产生的原因,构成环保纤维的一些基本要素,详细介绍了竹纤维、天丝纤维等新型纤维的结构特征、服用性能及混纺效果。这些纤维为开发一些高档的服饰面料及家纺产品提供了优质的纺织材料,满足了人们对服装舒适化、保健化、高档化、时尚化的新需求。     

Trends in feed, livestock production, and rangelands during the transition period in three Central Asian countries

After the breakup of the Soviet Union, the republics of Central Asia began to restructure their agricultural sectors to achieve food security and to adjust to the requirements of a market economy. Although they encountered many common challenges, their agricultural policies differed significantly. For this reason, it is important to see the results of these policies and to learn lessons from them. This paper discusses the role of and the challenges facing rangelands and livestock production systems in achieving food security among the pastoral communities of Central Asia. It analyzes the trends in livestock development during the economic transition in Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, and Uzbekistan, and derives policy directions for the sustainable use of rangelands and for the growth of the livestock sector in Central Asia.     

Harnessing artificial intelligence (AI) to increase wellbeing for all: The case for a new technology diplomacy

The field of artificial intelligence (AI) is experiencing a period of intense progress due to the consolidation of several key technological enablers. AI is already deployed widely and has a high impact on work and daily life activities. The continuation of this process will likely contribute to deep economic and social changes. To realise the tremendous benefits of AI while mitigating undesirable effects will require enlightened responses by many stakeholders. Varying national institutional, economic, political, and cultural conditions will influence how AI will affect convenience, efficiency, personalisation, privacy protection, and surveillance of citizens. Many expect that the winners of the AI development race will dominate the coming decades economically and geopolitically, potentially exacerbating tensions between countries. Moreover, nations are under pressure to protect their citizens and their interests—and even their own political stability—in the face of possible malicious or biased uses of AI. On the one hand, these different stressors and emphases in AI development and deployment among nations risk a fragmentation between world regions that threatens technology evolution and collaboration. On the other hand, some level of differentiation will likely enrich the global AI ecosystem in ways that stimulate innovation and introduce competitive checks and balances through the decentralisation of AI development. International cooperation, typically orchestrated by intergovernmental and non-governmental organisations, private sector initiatives, and by academic researchers, has improved common welfare and avoided undesirable outcomes in other technology areas. Because AI will most likely have more fundamental effects on our lives than other recent technologies, stronger forms of cooperation that address broader policy and governance challenges in addition to regulatory and technological issues may be needed. At a time of great challenges among nations, international policy coordination remains a necessary instrument to tackle the ethical, cultural, economic, and political repercussions of AI. We propose to advance the emerging concept of technology diplomacy to facilitate the global alignment of AI policy and governance and create a vibrant AI innovation system. We argue that the prevention of malicious uses of AI and the enhancement of human welfare create strong common interests across jurisdictions that require sustained efforts to develop better, mutually beneficial approaches. We hope that new technology diplomacy will facilitate the dialogues necessary to help all interested parties develop a shared understanding and coordinate efforts to utilise AI for the benefit of humanity, a task whose difficulty should not be underestimated.     

新型道路复合沥青材料改性剂的选择与配比优化

为了优化沥青路面材料的减振降噪性能,延长路面的使用寿命,对现有沥青材料进行改性优化。选用硅藻土和玄武岩纤维作为改性剂对沥青材料进行复合改性,依据孔隙率、阻尼比、矿料间隙率、吸声系数、流值变形量、马歇尔稳定度、沥青饱和度7个参数确定复合改性沥青材料的配比,制备出硅藻土与玄武岩纤维复合改性沥青材料。分别对硅藻土单掺杂沥青材料、玄武岩纤维单掺杂沥青材料和硅藻土与玄武岩纤维复合改性沥青材料进行了力学特性试验,分析其物理性能,并对不同沥青混合料的减振降噪性能进行了对比测试。结果表明,硅藻土和玄武岩纤维复合掺杂最佳配比：油石质量比为5.5%,玄武岩纤维掺杂比为0.3%,硅藻土掺杂比为7.5%。复合材料的减振降噪性能优于普通沥青材料,与其相比,最优配比下的新型复合材料吸声系数峰值高出38.89%,吸声系数均值高出30.30%。复合改性沥青材料具有良好的减振降噪性能并且具有显著的高温稳定性和低温抗裂性,研究结果可为同质路面材料的进一步优化提供参考,对于提高道路的服务能力具有实际应用价值。     

Diffusion and usage of public e-services in Europe: An assessment of country level indicators and drivers

We analyze the state of the art of indicators on e-government, e-health, e-procurement and e-participation. We survey the main methodological properties of these indicators, and highlight their heuristic potential. Further, we address empirically the issue of the explanation of the availability scores, i.e. how the supply of the various e-services in each country is affected by political, institutional and socio-economic differences, and is followed by actual usage. The econometric analysis uncovers the importance of broadband penetration and higher education as drivers for most of the types of e-services and users (citizens and businesses). Moreover, a corruption-free and agile public sector proves to be an important pre-condition for more effective supply and usage. Despite data limitations and the complexity of the underlying diffusion phenomena, our study is the first truly longitudinal contribution aimed at disentangling the common drivers of such an important phenomenon – the e-services availability and usage across European countries. As such, this work appears useful to inform the policy debate and practice, in a phase characterized by a prospective reorientation of the public e-services provision and policy agenda.     

80C196KC的特点及其存储器的扩展

8 0 C1 96KC是 Intel公司生产的 CHMOS高性能低功耗 1 6位单片机。主要介绍了它的主要性能特点 ,讨论了其在存储器扩展方面的设计方法 ,并详细地分析了它的存储空间的分配和总线控制的 4种方式 ,给出各个方式的时序图。结合以上的综述对非常典型的存储器扩展进行了设计。在设计中 ,对控制信号线 INST的应用进行了剖析 ;分析了各种数据和数据表在内存中应如何放置 ,最后给出了存储器扩展系统图和相应的控制电路图     

The need to change pedagogies in science and technology subjects: a European perspective

This paper evolves out of a consultancy that was carried out with the European Commission over a two year period between 2001 and 2003. A working group, set within the European Commission and comprising representatives from 15 member states, as well as associated and accession countries, stakeholders and social partners involved in maths, science and technology education, was formed. Its remit was to identify good practice in maths, science and technology education across Europe and to make recommendations for policy makers in the area. One important theme which emerged during the analysis of good practice was the need to develop the type of pedagogies which would encourage the active involvement of pupils in authentic and meaningful learning experiences within these subject domains. A series of questions relating specifically to this area was therefore incorporated into the second phase of the investigation and sent out to all participating countries. Qualitative analysis of these questionnaires was carried out. Using the results of these analyses, along with information from discussions, this paper considers the situation in Europe in respect of the introduction of what are essentially social constructivist pedagogies in the field of technology and science education. It explores some of the attempts which have been made to implement such pedagogies and more importantly the barriers to their introduction which have been identified in most countries across Europe. A consideration of research literature in the field is then used to promote the argument that teacher beliefs or theories are a crucial factor in preventing change. The role of these theories in presenting barriers to change are discussed and the implications for both policy makers and for initial teacher education are analysed.     

江浙基于FDI提高区域技术创新能力的比较

本文利用江浙1995-2006年的数据实证分析了实际利用外商直接投资（FDI）对区域技术创新能力的影响。结果表明。FDI对区域技术创新能力提升有促进作用但存在明显的区域差异。笔者认为FDI对区域技术创新能力的影响程度至少与两个方面相关，一是区域经济发展的特点及利用外资的模式；二是技术本身的原创程度、技术含量、研制难度及其对企业的重要性等。微观经济主体的控制权状况与内部化约束形态是影响区域技术创新绩效的关键。在此基础上．本文提出了若干建议。     

The locating of emotion within a creative, learning and product orientated design and technology experience: person, process, product

Within this paper, a conceptualised triadic schema is hypothesised for locating emotion within a creative, learning and product orientated Design and Technology experience. The research is based upon an extensive literature review that has been synthesised and juxtaposed with the broad aspirational aims of the subject. The schema, based upon abductive reasoning and grounded theory, ultimately conceptualises the overarching theme of emotion within a creative, learning and product orientated Design and Technology experience within the Primary and Secondary stages of England’s education system. The triadic schema offers an additional opportunity in meta-theorising how the broad aspirational aims of the subject, as outlined in the English national curriculum statement of importance for Design and Technology, can be achieved through recognising the powerful overarching concept of emotion within three emerging domains: Person, Process and Product. The central tenet of this paper is the recognition of emotion within a triadic schema for meta-theorising the place of emotion within a creative, learning and product orientated Design and Technology experience. David Spendlove was previously a senior teacher in secondary education before moving into Higher Education and is now the subject leader for Design and Technology at the University of Manchester. He co-edits both Design and Technology Education: An international Journal and the DATA international research conference proceedings. He is a director of the Design and Technology Association and his research interests are broadly based around learning, pedagogy, creativity, emotion and gender.