物流业务外包的风险识别及其模糊评价

随着社会分工的进一步细化和物流业的快速发展，物流外包逐渐被供需双方(物流服务供应商和需求方)所认可。所谓物流外包，即生产或销售等企业为集中精力增强核心竞争能力，而将其物流业务以合同的方式委托于专业的物流公司(第三方物流，3PL)运作。外包是一种长期的、战略的、相互渗透的、互利互惠的业务委托和合约执行方式。     

选择第三方物流供应商

第三方物流兴起于西方20世纪80年代末．其推动因素主要来自不断加深的经济全球化和企业外包业务的盛行。随着企业将有限的资源集中在与核心竞争力相关的活动．而其他非核心的业务被更多地外包出去，第三方物流供应商业务正在不断拓展。     

缺资金 冷链物流常断链 政策扶持有望助其发展

"怕出事。"在谈及企业缘何自办冷链物流时,河南众品生鲜物流有限公司总经理董志刚如是说。作为一家从事冷鲜肉生产和加工的大型食品企业,众品不把运输业务外包给第三方冷链物流企业,其实也有苦衷:因为众品生产的是冷鲜肉,在运输过程中都需要冷藏,冷藏不同于冷冻,对温度要求很高,但由于第三方冷链物流目前还不规范,所以基本不敢把业务外包。     

第三方物流服务监控与绩效评价

企业将物流业务外包给第三方物流企业后必须对第三方物流服务实施有效的监控和评价。本文提出了第三方物流服务监控的主要内容，建立了第三方物流服务绩效评价指标体系，运用多属性综合评价方法，对第三方物流服务绩效进行客观评价。     

连锁零售企业物流外包的风险分析及规避

现代社会顾客需求不断变化、市场竞争日益激烈,资源成为企业发展的"瓶颈",同时在物流专业化与社会化发展的趋势下,连锁零售企业为了提高竞争力,可以选择物流外包。使用第三方物流可以给连锁零售企业带来多方面的利益,但也存在着明显的负面作用和风险,本文对其可能产生的风险进行分析,并从企业自身以及第三方物流公司两方面寻找风险规避的途径。     

浅析如何选择第三方物流服务商

在当今竞争日趋激烈和社会分工日益细化的背景下,第三方物流表现出明显的优越性,许多企业为降低成本、提高服务水平、提升自身竞争力将非核心竞争力的物流业务外包给第三方物流服务商。如何正确选择第三方物流服务供应商是物流外包企业所关心的问题,本文就如何选择第三方物流服务供应商作简单分析。     

化工第三方物流提升企业竞争力

近年来我国化工行业的竞争日趋激烈,为应对市场的挑战,增强产品的竞争力,需要在各个环节上努力降低成本,提高效率。作为贯穿企业活动一体化的物流系统,通过第三方物流外包,为化工企业提供专业可靠的物流解决方案,有效降低物流总成本,在企业内部形成现代物流经营理念,成为企业提升综合竞争力所面临的重要课题。     

物流外包中的多边信息不对称问题研究

基于对物流外包5方面可能失控因素的讨论,本文分析了传统双边委托代理模型在物流外包系统中应用的局限性,认为结果信息缺失及多边信息不对称是造成物流外包中道德风险问题高于传统双边委托代理关系的根源.并在基于第三方物流企业(3PLs)的两阶段供应链模型的基础上,建立了将物流外包方及合作方作为委托人,3PLs作为代理人的多委托单代理模型.研究表明结果信息的共享有助于激励代理人采取更有利于委托人的行动,委托人的整体效用及对3PLs的支付随委托人之间的结果信息共享水平的增加而增加.如何实现并提高委托人间的信息共享水平是进一步需要解决的问题.     

完善物流外包在医药领域的应用

目的 分析我国医药企业实施物流外包这一策略的原因及重要性,探讨医药企业正确选择供应商的方法和与供应商建立良好、互利、长期的合作关系时应注意的问题.方法 本文通过收集和整理文献、查找资料的方法,借鉴国外的物流外包理论和实践,对医药行业中的物流外包进行研究.结果 和结论 本文提出了医药企业在实施物流外包策略时应慎重选择供应商、明确责任义务及做好事前防范工作等方法,以使医药企业在今后的经营发展中能更好地实施物流外包这一策略.     

物流外包决策模型比较研究

回顾物流外包的理论基础，并创造性地将产业组织理论纳入物流外包决策框架之中；讨论几种有代表性的决策模型，并指出其特点及存在的问题，旨在为后来研究者明确方向，也为模型使用者提供借鉴。     

Improving logistics outsourcing through increasing buyer-provider interaction

Logistics outsourcing has been at the top of the management agenda during recent decades. Through this approach companies have been able to improve logistics performance. However, several studies point out severe problems with outcome and it is even claimed that in some cases “logistics outsourcing has become a source of corporate failure and disappointment” [Boyson, S., Corsi, T., Dresner, M. and Rabinovich, E. (1999). Managing effective third-party logistics relationships: What does it take? Journal of Business Logistics, 20 (1), 73-100.]. Previous research shows that many companies have taken outsourced functions back in-house. The aim of this paper is to explore the reasons behind the problems in logistics outsourcing. Our analysis is based on an extensive literature survey. This examination indicates that outsourcing decisions require a holistic perspective. We apply the industrial network model [Håkansson, H. and Snehota, I. (1995). Developing relationships in business networks. Routledge, London.] for the analysis of potential consequences of logistics outsourcing. The main conclusion of the paper is that increasing interaction between buyer and provider would be beneficial to the outcome of outsourcing.     

Outsourcing reverse logistics of high-tech manufacturing firms by using a systematic decision-making approach: TFT-LCD sector in Taiwan

Reverse logistics are increasingly crucial for the supply chain strategy of global high-tech manufacturing firms. As reverse logistics operations are significantly more complex than traditional manufacturing supply chains, many high-tech manufacturers are examining the feasibility of outsourcing reverse logistics activities to third party logistics providers (3PLs) from a strategic planning perspective. Internal resources and capabilities are thus examined from a resource-based perspective to identify which reverse logistics service requirements could be fulfilled in-house or outsourced. Therefore, this work presents a systematic approach using the analytical network process (ANP) not only to investigate the relative importance of reverse logistics service requirements, but also to select an appropriate 3PL. Empirical results based on the case of the TFT-LCD sector in Taiwan indicate that information technology management is of priority concern in reverse logistics services. In addition to providing a valuable reference for manufacturers concerned with service requirements for outsourcing, results of this study significantly contribute to the efforts of 3PLs in evaluating whether they comply with potential customer requirements based on their service capabilities.     

企业物流服务组织模式与决策动因的对应分析

企业物流服务组织中的主要模式一般包括物流外包、物流自营以及部分外包部分自营。在现实中,由于受到复杂主、客观环境因素的影响,企业在进行物流服务模式的选择时必须考虑诸多因素,以形成合理的、具有针对性的决策方案。因此,研究企业物流服务组织模式与决策动因之间的关系非常重要。本文通过对物流服务需求方实体企业的抽样调查分析,从企业所在系统和环境因素入手来挖掘企业决定其物流组织模式的主要动因,运用对应分析方法对不同物流服务模式与决策动因之间的关系进行研究,从而为企业的物流决策行为提供借鉴。     

The impact of third-party logistics providers' capabilities on exporters' performance

Third-party logistics (3PL) services have experienced unprecedented growth. However, we are not aware of any study that explores the relationships among logistics outsourcing, competitive advantage, and business performance. We study the mediating role of logistics outsourcing as a strategy to develop firms' capabilities in the strategy-performance relationship. Drawing on the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm, we develop a research model grounded in the outsourcing-competitive advantage-performance paradigm. We apply structural equation modeling to empirically test the model using data collected from 150 exporters in Hong Kong and the Pearl River Delta region of China. The results show that there are positive relationships among exporters' strategic orientation towards third-party logistics (3PL) providers, 3PL providers' basic and augmented capabilities, exporters' competitive advantage, and exporters' export performance. We also find that 3PL providers' augmented capabilities and exporters' competitive advantage are strong mediators, supporting the theorized model underpinned by RBV.     

国际外包的生产率效应及行业差异——基于中国工业行业的经验研究

本文根据1997年和2002年的投入产出表数据计算了中国35个工业行业的物质投入外包和服务外包比率,并以面板数据模型检验了不同形式的外包对全员劳动生产率的影响,最后考察了外包对生产率影响的行业差异性。研究结果表明,在我国工业行业中,外包有利于企业劳动生产率的提高,而且服务外包对生产率的影响程度大于物质投入外包:高技术、低开放度以及大规模行业中国际外包对生产率的促进作用更为显著。本文有两个原创性贡献:一是区分了物质投入外包和服务外包对中国工业行业劳动生产率影响的差异;二是发现行业性质影响国际外包对生产率作用程度的大小。     

Evaluation of 4PL operating models: A decision making approach based on 2-additive Choquet integral

By being a supply chain integrator who can assemble and manage the resources, capabilities, and technology of its own organization with those of complementary service providers, fourth party logistics (4PL) providers deliver comprehensive supply chain solutions and form an important option for business outsourcing. The adequate design of the partnership between companies in this type of outsourcing activities is essential. In order to support the effective usage of 4PL services, this paper proposes an analytical multiple criteria decision making approach to evaluate 4PL operating models. While decision criteria and their hierarchy were identified, it is observed that there exist interactions, e.g. simultaneous satisfaction of two or criteria is sometimes required. This situation can not be handled with traditional multi-criteria decision making methods which assume criteria independence. 2-additive Choquet integral is appropriate to model criteria interactions by pairs and is used in this study. The proposed framework is applied for a logistics company willing to expand its operations. Finally, an application is provided to demonstrate the potential of the methodology for 4PL operating model selection.     

Offshore outsourcing of services: An evolutionary perspective

Offshore outsourcing is gaining increasing importance and attention in both theory and practice. The purpose of this research is to use nine in-depth case studies to analyze the evolution of offshore services outsourcing with regard to how expectations and governance structures change over time. Five testable propositions are presented, building on institutional theory, transaction cost, and resource-based perspectives. The cases demonstrate that offshore outsourcing is initiated because of increasing internal and external pressure to conform and reduce costs. Moreover, companies “chase” efficiency improvements in other geographic locations. But after reducing costs, companies discover more strategic benefits such as the potential to increase quality and market share. Importantly, as buyer–supplier relationships move from tactical to more strategic, expectations and governance structures change.     

Does peripheral knowledge complement control? An empirical test in technology outsourcing alliances

While the normative logic for forming technology outsourcing alliances is that such alliances allow outsourcing firms to specialize deeper in their domain of core competence without being distracted by noncore activities, recent empirical studies have reported the puzzling phenomenon of some firms continuing to invest in R&D in domains that are fully outsourced to specialized alliance partners. An underlying—and widely made—assertion that can potentially reconcile this contradiction is that ‘peripheral’ knowledge (specialized knowledge in the domain of outsourced activities) complements control in technology outsourcing alliances. However, this assertion is untested; and empirically testing it is the objective of this research study. Using data from 59 software services outsourcing alliances, we show that such peripheral knowledge and alliance control are imperfect complements: peripheral knowledge complements outcomes‐based formal control but not process‐based control. Thus, outsourcing firms might sometimes need knowledge outside their core domain because such knowledge facilitates effective alliance governance. Our theoretical elaboration and empirical testing of the assumed complementarities between peripheral knowledge and control in technology outsourcing alliances has significant implications for strategy theory and practice, which are also discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Demand choices of high-tech industry for logistics service providers—an empirical case of an offshore science park in Taiwan

This study presents a methodological framework for analyzing factors that influence market share of third-party logistics (TPL) in high-tech industry. An emerging science park located in Southern Taiwan was chosen as the empirical case for the study. Confirmatory factor analysis was first conducted to examine the reliability and validity of the census data (136 outsourcing cases from 68 high-tech manufacturers). This was followed by calibrations of a binary logit model that examines the demand choices of the manufacturers in selecting two types of TPLs, express and forwarder. Results indicate that the strongest determinant of industrial demand choices is the service performance of the TPL, followed by service cost, and added value. In improving these service factors, the market share effect of express-based TPL is found to be slightly greater than that of forwarder-based. The analysis indicates that high-tech manufacturers with larger annual sales or smaller shipments favor express services over forwarding services.