西气东输二线开工中国天然气输送大通道加紧建设

2008年2月22日，国家“十一五”规划重大项目一一西气东输二线工程开工仪式在北京人民大会堂隆重举行。国家主席胡锦涛发来贺信，国务院总理温家宝作出重要批示。当日，西气东输二线西段工程在新疆、甘肃、宁夏和陕西同时开工建设。11月12日，作为落实中央保增长、扩内需决策部署的重大实施措施之一，国务院常务会议核准西气东输二线东段工程。     

八月行业盘点 西气东输:受益者谁?

“巨无霸”工程格外引人注目。同三峡工程一样，西气东输工程从酝酿之初就受到社会各界特别是政府高层的高度重视。上月初，这一新的“巨无霸”工程全面开工建设，江泽民总书记致信祝贺，吴邦国副总理出席开工典礼，规格之高可与三峡工程比肩。按当局的口径，西气东输是一项举世瞩目的宏大工程，是实施西部大开发战略的重要举措。这项工程的建设，对加快西部地区的发展步伐，对提高新疆及沿线各族人民的生活水平，对推进沿线特别是长江三角洲地区能源结构和产业结构的调整，具有重大的意义。根据规划，西气东输工程从西北荒漠，到东海之滨，…     

为西气东输二线工程提供基础保障——长庆建设工程总公司西气东输二线工程项目部加强基层建设的实践

2008年2月22日，举国关注的国家重点工程西气东输二线工程建设项目西段线正式启动。这一工程是党中央，国务院实施油气资源开发战略的一项重大举措，是天然气东送的又一重点工程，曾经在陕京二线，西气东输一线，西部管道，兰银管道等国家重点管道工程大展身手的长庆建设工程总公司也承揽到这一重点工程的宁夏，陕西两个标段的建设任务，成为参建单位之一。     

在西气东输工程建设中思想政治工作的作用

强化西气东输工程的思想政治工作是由西气东输工程的重要意义决定的。西气东输工程横贯中国东西4000公里,经过9个省、市、自治区,沿线地形多变,地质条件复杂,技术标准高,施工难度大。西气东输工程事关国计民生,它对于加快中西部地区的经济发展,改善东部地区的能源结构,促进民族团结,扩大国际影响都具有十分重要的意义。管道局参建这么重要的工程,必须担负起其应担负的社会责任,必须发挥思想政治工作的优势,为工程建设提供强大的精神动力和有力的思想保证。     

中国石油西气东输管道(销售)分公司

中国石油西气东输管道(销售)公司,是中国石油天然气股份有限公司直属的地区公司,负责西气东输管道工程建设、生产运营管理和天然气市场开发与销售等业务。公司随着西气东输工程的建设发展而成长壮大。2000年3月8日,西气东输工程项目经理部成立;2001年4月22日,更名为西气东输管道分公司。2003年9月27日,西气东输销售分公司成立,实行一套机构、两个牌子、一级管理体制。目前,公司总部设有14个职能部门,沿线没有9个地区管理处、3个工程项目部、1个计量标定中心、3个维抢修中心和11个维抢修队。截至2007年6月30日,公司员工总数为1964人。     

西气东输最大规模站场改扩建项目完成

【本刊讯】截至2011年7月初，西气东输管道沿线16座涉及适应性改造的站场全部通过预验收，将使西气东输和冀宁管道销售天然气增30亿立方米以上。至此，西气东输管道商业运营以来，工程量最大的站场改扩建项目建设完成。适应性改造工程主要包括带压开孔作业，增加过滤分离器、     

2000年中国工业10件大事

由中国社会科学院工业经济研究所研究人员编著的《中国工业发展报告 ( 2 0 0 1 )》近日评出了“2 0 0 0年中国工业 1 0件大事”。按时间顺序 ,2 0 0 0年中国工业 1 0件大事如下 :1 . 2月 2 6日国务院召开会议听取国家计委等关于“西气东输”工程方案论证汇报 ,并对工程进行了研究 ,会议肯定这一工程是造福新疆人民的大好事 ,也是促进沿线 8个省、区、市产业结构调整 ,提高经济效益的重要举措。“西气东输”工程将建设 42 0 0公里管道 ,将塔里木盆地的天然气东送 ,经 7省 (区 )到上海 ,供应长江三角洲地区和沿线各省 (区 )的工业和居民用气。…     

建精品工程 交满意答卷——长庆建设工程总公司西气东输工程施工纪实

在举世瞩目的西气东输管道工程建设中,长庆建设工程总公司职工以敢为人先的精神,以为沿线各族人民负责的工作态度,战风沙、斗酷暑,攻难关、创纪录,高效、优质地完成了施工任务,向业主交出了一份满意的答卷,得到了有关各方的赞誉。先后荣获国家“西气东输工程建设先进集体”、西气东输管道公司“思想政治工作先进单位”、陕西省“青年文明号”、“优秀青年突击队”等荣誉称号。     

天然气定价机制将进行改革 中国涂料工业危机四伏 新疆研制成植物抗旱生长营养剂——近期行业动态简报

国家宣布西气东输工程全面开放天然气定价机制近期将进行改革●国务院日前批准中国海洋石油总公司为国家授权投资机构 ,这将对中国海油在境外的融资和进行资本运作十分有利。●西气东输工程的启动实施 ,为新疆发展相关产业创造了机遇。目前 ,以泽普３４万吨／年氮肥装置、鄯善８万吨／年甲醇装置和库尔勒１．５万吨／年炭黑装置为骨干的一批用气项目 ,正在加紧兴建 ,今后几年内 ,新疆还将利用东输之气分离出来的大量轻烃和凝析油 ,再建几套大型天然气化工装置 ,扩大６座石化基地的生产规模 ,使天然气化工成为带动经济发展的龙头产业。●今后…     

宏伟工程创造经济和社会双重效益--记西气东输工程建设及商业运行

上篇：西气东输工程将天然气工业发展推向新高 　　5年前,西气东输工程开始启动,两年后正式开工建设,2003年10月1日,西气东输管道东段建成投产,2004年12月30日,全线正式实施商业运行.管道年输量120亿m^3,设计压力10MPa,管径1016mm,这一我国自行设计、建设的第一条世界级天然气管道工程,在国内创造了多个之最：距离最长,管径最大,管材等级最强,设计压力、输气能力和自动化控制程度最高等.在系统构成优化和施工工艺等方面,均达到了当今国际天然气管道的先进水平.     

Comparing FTTH access networks based on P2P and PMP fibre topologies

There is an ongoing discussion in the market which Next Generation Access (NGA) architecture best suits future needs and which investment and cost differences exist. The discussion can be subsumed as P2P vs. GPON, which is somewhat misleading as this article reveals. The discussion is driven by the fact that the high capital cost and the long asset life time of fibre mean that the technology choices made today will dominate the opportunities for telecommunication business of all market players, incumbents, competitors, content providers and business and residential users for many years in the future.The paper analyzes the cost and other differences between Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH) access network architectures and their related different wholesale approaches by using the well-known and understood steady state approach applied in other NGA analyses in the past. In addition to the steady state analysis a dynamic cost evaluation is included taking into account the different investment behaviour of the FTTH architectures over time. The results describe investment and cost differences between architectures, incumbents and wholesale based competitive operators. The analysis has been performed for different geotypes (clusters) of decreasing population density in a representative European settlement structure.     

Indigenous peoples’ nutrition transition in a right to food perspective

In indigenous communities the nutrition transition characterized by a rapid westernization of diet and lifestyle is associated with rising prevalence of chronic disease. Field work and literature reviews from two different policy environments, Argentina (Jujuy) and Canada (Nunavut), identified factors that add to indigenous peoples’ disease risk. The analytical framework was the emerging human right to adequate food approach to policies and programmes. Indigenous peoples’ chronic disease risk tends to increase as a result of government policies that infringe on indigenous peoples’ livelihoods and territories, undermining their economic system, values and solidarity networks. Policies intended to increase food security, including food aid, may also fuel the nutrition transition. There is a need to explore further the connection between well-intended policies towards indigenous peoples and the development of chronic diseases, and to broaden the understanding of the role that different forms of discrimination play in the westernization of their lifestyles, values and food habits. Food policies that take due account of indigenous peoples’ human rights, including their right to enjoy their culture, may counteract the growth of chronic disease in these communities.     

面向对象的程序设计

用Ｃ＋ ＋ 语言阐述面向对象程序设计中封装和继承的概念以及在实际中怎样运用这些概念提高程序设计水平。     

A strategic skill based model of supplier integration and its effect on supply management performance

Supplier integration is a tool to help organizations gain competitive advantage. Strategic supply management skills and the supply management function's perceived status are hypothesized as antecedents to supplier integration leading to supply management performance. The sample for this study includes 152 executive level supply management professionals. The empirical results suggest that strategic skills and perceived status are essential antecedents to supplier integration and subsequent performance. Further, the relationship between strategic skills and performance is mediated by supplier integration. Results of a dominance analysis also suggest which strategic skills are most likely to explain status integration, and performance. These findings have significant implications for supply management theory and practice.     

Collectivism,individualism, and outgroup cooperation in a segmented China

A consistent theme in cross-cultural management research is that collectivists are more cooperative than individualists. We use Hofstede's measure for individualism–collectivism and combine it with an experimental measure of cooperation to test this relationship in China. In contrast to the established paradigm, we find that groups with higher individualistic scores are more cooperative than those groups with higher collectivistic scores. We attribute these results to groups being composed of outgroup members. In addition, we find that subjects from the more developed coastal area are more individualistic and cooperative than are subjects from inland China.

Cost allocation of WCDMA and wholesale pricing for mVoIP and data services

This study estimates cost-based prices for wholesale voice and data services provided to 3G (WCDMA) MVNOs according to their distinct types. For estimation, 3G MVNOs are classified into different types, and the overall cost of WCDMA facilities are separated into voice and data components based on their subscriber rates, actual traffic rates, as well as efficiency consideration of traffic rates. The study then calculates cost-based wholesale prices of voice and data services for each of the 3G MVNO types. The result of this study shows that a cost-plus pricing scheme can help achieve the policy goals of the regulator, namely, lowering telecommunications tariffs and facilitating the introduction of new convergent-type services, far more effectively than the current retail-minus pricing scheme. The findings of this study may assist firms in developing business models based on 3G networks and telecom regulators in designing policies related to interconnection, mVoIP, prepaid calls, wholesale services, and network neutrality.     

应用CGI技术创建CAI网页计数器

:CGI( Common Gateway Interface)是应用程序与 Web服务器交互的一个标准接口 ,利用该技术可以实现 HTML不具备的交互式主页功能。本文将通过“教育窗”主页的访问 (点击 )计算器的开发应用实例 ,提出了两种使用 CGI技术实现点击计数的方案     

钻井现场H2S气体的探测及防护

在钻井生产过程中，实施HSE管理体系，预防和控制H2S，保护每一位员工不受H2S气体危害，是钻井生产过程中HSE工作的重要一环。阐述了有害气体H2S的物理特性、毒性标准，介绍了几种常用的H2S气体探测器，以及具体操作方法。     

电子产品的电磁兼容性设计

首先介绍电磁兼容性的基本概念与研究领域,然后重点阐述电子产品的电磁兼容性设计与测量。     

Migration to 3G wireless broadband internet and real options: The case of an operator in India

The paper focuses on third generation wireless technologies and on alternative technologies for wireless local area networks. The authors present the evolutionary migration path from second to third generation systems. Technological, economic and behavioral factors related to decision-making towards the migration are proposed. As an example, the paper studies the case of the national incumbent operator of India. It analyzes qualitatively the migration problem from the perspective of the operator, the equipment manufacturer and the users. For the quantitative analysis, real options are used to value the investment decisions. The analysis suggests that the initial (sunk) investment cost, the average revenue per user, the growth of the subscriber base and the volatility of the markets are the key factors in the investment process.