网络组织下企业经济租金综合范式观

企业经济租金是解释企业价值创造和获取超额利润的重要工具。在网络组织的情境下,强调租金内生性或租金外生性的传统租金范式已经不能合理解释企业结网协作获取竞争优势的现实。这些范式的一元主义已经制约了对经济租金范式全面的理解和诠释。本文基于科学哲学和社会理论维度对经济租金进行理论分维,并提炼出知识租金这一综合范式观。知识租金认为企业内外部的异质性知识是经济租金的源泉,企业可以通过开放式创新来获取租金。通过开放式创新模式和封闭式创新模式下经济租金的对比分析,论证了知识租金的有效性。     

企业商业模式创新的实现方式与演进机理——一种基于价值链创新的理论解释

本文从价值链创新的理论视角对企业商业模式创新的实现方式进行清晰、系统的解释，并根据企业商业模式的不同形成方式对其进行系统分类。此外，本文还对企业商业模式创新的动力及演进机理进行深入的探讨。通过本文的分析．可以了解企业商业模式创新的机理，同时也能够更好地指导我国本土企业进行适当的、有效的企业商业模式创新，从而在激烈的国际竞争中获得较强的竞争优势。     

商业模式的系统分析与启示

商业模式是企业保持竞争优势的重要方式,本文从系统角度分析了商业模式的本质,以系统思考理论为基础构建了商业模式的系统循环图,分析了商业模式系统的结构、行为和性能之间的内在联系,并对企业如何实现企业商业模式创新提出了建议.     

基于价值网络重构的企业商业模式创新

建构价值网络逐步成为企业商业模式创新的重要方式,但狭义的价值网络观对企业盈利机理的解释并未突破价值链将投入转换为产品的传统逻辑。本文从更广义的价值生态系统角度剖析网络价值交换逻辑和企业价值的实现机理,从网络重构出发分析了五种不同的商业模式创新路径。本文认为,受竞争压力与技术变迁的推动,网络组织的价值创造逻辑呈现颠覆性变化:顾客价值创造与企业价值实现的分离。这种分离导致许多企业即使实现了顾客价值最大化也未必产生收入,尤其面对互联网的免费经济趋势,企业只有重构价值网络、拓展新的收入源才能实现盈利并保证商业模式的稳定性。     

新兴经济背景下商业模式对企业成长的影响研究

本文在对新兴经济背景的主要特点以及我国新兴经济环境的具体特征进行论述的基础上,分析了该环境下企业商业模式的主要内容和特点。最后,分析了新兴背景下商业模式对我国企业成长造成的影响,认为破坏式创新模式依然将是未来一段时间内我国企业的主要商业模式。     

动态能力视角下商业模式创新对企业绩效的作用机制研究——以制造业上市公司为例

本文从动态能力视角出发， 提出商业模式创新、动态能力和企业绩效的关系假设， 通过因子分析法和逐步回归法对114 家制造业上市公司2011～2017年的财务数据进行实证分析及假设检验。研究发现， 商业模式创新和动态能力分别对企业绩效有促进作用， 且动态能力在商业模式创新和企业绩效之间起部分中介作用。该结论丰富了商业模式创新和企业绩效的关系理论， 并给转型升级背景下的制造业企业以相应的实践启示。     

商业模式视角下的中成药产品创新选择

虽然中成药以其疗效可靠、毒副作用小等优势日益受到消费者、企业及社会的重视，但中成药的发展目前陷入同质化严重的困境。同样的技术转化出不同的价值，说明商业模式的设计和运作存在差异。本文从商业模式的角度出发，通过市场竞争分析选择了目前中国市场上运作较为成功的五种中成药产品。通过对五种药物商业模式的分析，发现了中成药产品的四种商业模式类型，并进一步探讨了企业在应用这四种商业模式时应具体选择的运作措施．     

核心技术租金经济学分析

基于资源基础理论和经济租金理论，分析和阐述企业核心技术产生租金问题，揭示核心技术资源造成企业间业绩差异的原因，提出了持续保持核心技术租金的建议。     

企业商业模式的创新联动结构与创新机制研究

商业模式系统是一个典型的复杂适应系统，由内部逻辑结构与外在实体结构交互作用形成其联动模式。在企业商业模式复杂系统结构的基础上对商业模式创新的动力机制、运行机制以及保障机制进行了研究，指出商业模式创新的动力来自于企业的内在需求以及外部刺激的综合作用；基于回声模型阐述了商业模式创新的运行机理；为保障商业模式创新的顺利 实现。     

面向低收入群体的商业模式创新

对企业的BOP战略与面向BOP市场的商业模式创新问题的研究，不仅具有重大且长远的经济意义和社会意义。而且还有重要的理论价值。本本从战略目标的视角将企业的BOP战略划分为市场开发型BOP战略、资源开发型BOP战略和资源一市场开发型BOP战略三种基本类型．且每种BOP战略都对应着相应类型的商业模式创新。同时．三种BOP战略与企业的基本竞争战略之间也存在着对应关系。通过对企业能力的界定。初步构建了企业关键能力与BOP战略之间的匹配模型。进而建立起竞争战略、企业能力与面向BOP市场的商业模式创新三者之间的逻辑关系。     

Drivers of Outsourced Innovation: An Exploratory Study*

The outsourcing of innovation has been on the rise for years, but research in this area lags behind industry practice. Interviews with managers and a theory base grounded in transaction cost analysis are used to guide the development of an exploratory model that details potential drivers of the outsourcing of innovation activities. Using industry‐level data, the proposed model is partially tested using two distinct regression analyses that reveal significant effects both contemporaneously and persisting over time. Several of the proposed drivers of outsourced innovation are shown to be significant, including exploratory research performed and profit margin. The finding that exploratory research performed is significantly related to the outsourcing of innovation activities represents a significant contribution to the innovation and organizational learning literatures. As well, finding a relationship between margins and organizational sourcing fills a gap in the business to business marketing literature. Managerial implications are drawn for both managers of the innovation process in traditional firms and those in firms wishing to garner outsourced innovation contracts. The drivers found to be significant in this study should allow for better resource planning from innovation managers in traditional firms as well as better targeting of perspective clients from firms seeking contract innovation business.     

Managerial Ties and Firm Innovation: Is Knowledge Creation a Missing Link?

Managerial ties, the personal networks of senior managers, have been found to be facilitators of firm performance because of their network benefits. However, social network theory suggests that managerial ties only play a “conduit” role by providing possibilities and opportunities to approach external resources. How can firms turn these possibilities and opportunities into internal knowledge assets and further transform them into firm innovation? Extant research constructs a direct mechanism for the managerial ties–firm innovation link. The research reported here, however, provides and investigates an indirect ties‐innovation argument where organizational knowledge creation processes, including knowledge exchange and knowledge combination, are mediators. And managerial ties are examined through two traditional dimensions, business ties and political ties. This study employs empirical data from 270 firms in China and uses structural equation modeling techniques to reveal interesting findings. First, the results support the key argument that the influence of managerial ties on firm innovation is indirect. Second, knowledge exchange and knowledge combination are different constructs and the former positively influences the latter. More interestingly, business ties can exert a significant direct impact on both knowledge exchange and knowledge combination, while political ties can only influence knowledge exchange directly. Although both knowledge exchange and knowledge combination impact product innovation directly, only knowledge combination can directly influence process innovation. These findings indicate that the role of political ties is declining, but business ties still have substantial influence on firm innovation in transitional China. Different processes of organizational knowledge creation, such as knowledge exchange and knowledge combination, make distinct contributions to firm innovation. Product innovation, as opposed to process innovation, is more externally oriented and needs more organizational level knowledge creation activities. This article extends the understanding of the ties–innovation link, organizational knowledge creation theory, and firm innovation in a transitional economy by providing a more complete understanding of how firms can access and internalize external resources and then transform them into product innovation and process innovation.     

Managing the challenges of business-to-business open innovation in complex projects: A multi-stage process model

Research shows that knowledge sharing and system integration are two major challenges posed by openness to business partners in complex innovation projects. However, there remains limited research on the microfoundations (i.e., actions and practices) underpinning the organizational capabilities required to address these challenges. Drawing on a case study of a pioneering electric vehicle manufacturer, we develop a multi-stage process model showing how these capabilities are developed and phased out in terms of the organizational principles (e.g., hierarchical product architecture) and actions and practices (e.g., sharing knowledge by deputing staff to/from business partners). Our study contributes to the literature by taking a microfoundations approach to unpack the ‘black box’ of organizational capabilities critical for managing complex innovation projects into actions and practices, and emphasizes the importance of firms' internal preparedness for managing openness.     

Toward a capability‐based conceptualization of business model innovation: insights from an explorative study

Although business model innovation (BMI) is more and more being acknowledged as key strategic task, current research is missing a conceptualization of core elements and relevant organizational capabilities. These research gaps impede a full theoretical understanding and a systematic and purposeful managerial application. By drawing on dynamic capability literature, this study addresses the question of how firms systematically and purposefully pursue BMI. Empirical analysis is based on six case studies in the specialized publishing industry, in which technological change has triggered numerous opportunities for new business models. The findings demonstrate that BMI can be conceptualized as a distinct dynamic capability. This capability can be disaggregated into a firm's capacity to sense business model opportunities, seize them through the development of valuable and unique business models, and reconfigure the firms' competences and resources accordingly. The present study outlines how distinct organizational routines and processes undergird these capacities. A conceptualization as dynamic capability contributes to a theoretical underpinning of BMI by integrating previously discussed dimensions of this phenomenon. Moreover, managers can gain concrete guidelines about how to systematically and purposefully approach BMI.     

Communities of Practice versus Organizational Climate: Which One Matters More to Dispersed Collaboration in the Front End of Innovation?*

Dispersed collaboration provides many benefits such as members' closeness to local cultures and markets and reachability of talent worldwide. Hence, it is no surprise that dispersed collaboration is frequently being used by product development teams. A necessary but not sufficient condition for innovation performance is the sharing of tacit, non‐codified and explicit, codified knowledge by the team. Situated learning theory, however, predicts that tacit knowledge sharing will be largely prevented by “decontextualization.” Therefore, increasing usage of dispersed collaboration will decrease levels of tacit knowledge—crucial to innovation and organizational performance—in the business unit. This research investigates the moderating role of mechanisms believed to enable tacit knowledge transfer in the front end of innovation. Using data from 116 business units, the moderating role of communities of practice and organizational climate on the relationship between the proficiency of dispersed collaboration and front end of innovation performance is investigated. Encouragement of communities of practice is found to moderate the relationship between proficiency of dispersed collaboration and front end of innovation performance on the business unit level. More specifically, proficiency of dispersed collaboration is not related at all to front end of innovation performance in business units with low support for communities of practice; but a positive relationship exists in business units with high support for communities of practice. This study does not provide support for the moderating effect of organizational climate on the relationship between proficiency in dispersed collaboration and front end of innovation performance. However, supportiveness of climate has a significant direct effect on front end of innovation performance. The findings of this study suggest that managers should simultaneously invest in increasing proficiency in dispersed collaboration and supporting communities of practice. Either one by itself is insufficient. Because of its significant direct effect, managers should also nurture an open climate favoring risk taking, trust, and open interaction.     

A model of corporate innovation management: some recent high tech innovations in Japan

The various models of Japanese corporate innovation management reported in literature are reviewed to identify the major elements of the innovation process. An integrated model is presented examining the recent examples. The Japanese corporate innovation process is highly interactive and involves comprehensive organizational intelligence, quick organizational learning, rapid technology diffusion, horizontal information flow systems, fusion of different technologies to obtain innovations quickly, concurrent engineering and quick utilization of core competence for new business development. The innovation system is quick to respond to competition and concentrates on developing core competence that is used for commercializing new products quickly.     

Models with graphical representation for innovation management: a literature review

In the last decades, the management of innovation has achieved increasing importance in both academic and business environments. For the companies, an effective engagement in innovation efforts involves the adoption of management models to guide the definition of organizational processes to conduct innovation opportunities throughout the organization. In this context, graphical representations can strongly communicate the central propositions of each model, accelerating the diffusion and influence of such models in both academic and business environments. Based on an academic database search, and snowball procedure, models were selected considering the unique characteristics of their graphical representation. This article contributes to the knowledge in the field by proposing a typology of innovation management models, highlighting model's biases, gaps, strengths and weaknesses, and by identifying important tensions among models that spillover to the innovation management field in both research and practice. This article discusses conflicts regarding the limits of the innovation process (events that start and end the process and complementary approaches), the limits of focusing on processes, the differentiation of research and development and new product development activities. In the end, the article addresses emerging approaches related to radical innovation, design thinking and startups, and stresses contributions for research and practice.     

The mediating role of organizational complexity between enterprise resource planning and business model innovation

Almost any firm faces a change during its life that requires a redefinition of the business model to be more innovative, namely business model innovation (BMI) that designs an architecture to create, capture and deliver value to customers in the marketplace and society. These changes are a great opportunity to improve revenue and costs, but the associated organizational complexity also has drawbacks, due to the set of interrelationships and linkages within the firm. This situation could be even more relevant for firms that implement Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), due to the complexity of the software and also the difficult implementation process in the organization. In order to fill this gap, this study analyses 104 firms that have implemented ERP and deal simultaneously with BMI. The research objective is therefore to test the role of organizational complexity between ERP and BMI. Specifically, the aim is to test the mediating role of organizational complexity between ERP and BMI. Our findings reveal that organizational complexity mediates between ERP and BMI. Important implications for researchers and managers are provided to optimize ERP implementation so as to obtain a higher return on the costs and revenue associated with BMI.     

互联网时代电商平台商业模式创新文献综述

互联网时代商业模式的创新的研究已成为近几年财务金融、市场营销、公司治理等方面热点,研究主要体现在商业模式创新的种类与对财务的绩效影响方面,这些问题的研究仍有待深入。本文认为,互联网时代商业模式的创新需要结合互联网时代的特点与商业模式的要素进行分析。电商平台在互联网时代如何防范创新的商业模式对财务绩效带来的风险,如何应对风险将成为电商平台商业模式创新研究的最新方向。     

Business model innovation processes of average market players: a qualitative-empirical analysis

Business model innovation is by now mainly understood as a strategic option for firms to enhance competitiveness. As a result, business model innovation research usually focuses on outperforming firms that deliberately innovate their business models. We enhance this rather narrow perspective by analysing business model innovation processes of average market players against the background of a multiple-case study. Our findings show that average market players do at least initially not deliberately pursue business model innovation. Instead, they experience business model innovation as a highly emergent and very often unintended process. We identify four phases of this process and describe them in detail. Furthermore, we highlight factors that determine whether a firm is able to complete the process step or not. The results of our study are reflected in a newly developed process model that considerably enhances the understanding of business model innovation processes with regard to average market players and may serve as framework for future research.