以非流通股向流通股股东配售的方式实现上市公司股份全流通

近段时期，由于“国有股减持”问题造成国内股市的震荡，投资者的信心和国内证券市场的健康发展受到了一定影响，中国证监会及时作出暂停执行原定的“国有股减持方案”的决定，并广泛向社会征求意见。为此，本文提出以非流通股向流通股股东配售的方式实现非流通股全流通的方案供探讨。国有股减持的做法有待商榷现有国内上市股份公司是由众多股东组成的，国有股只是其中的一个股东，不论股东大小，只有对公司控制力的不同，在法律上与其他股东是平等的，即使国有股减持，也是由国有股东提出按《公司法》和有关规定操作的企业行为。本人认为随…     

从停止国有股减持到理论反思

本文从经济理论角度，探讨了国有股减持为何先为各方看好，后来则遭遇挫折被迫停止的深层原因，分析了关于国有股减持的主要流行理论，如国有股“一股独大”和“全流通”理论，存在哪些缺陷并导致了同原设想相反的实践后果，未能筹集社会保障资金反而造成股市动荡，本文还论述了中国证券市场的改革方向，怎样借鉴美国股市，公司丑闻的教训，防止泡沫以机危害，促进股市稳定发展，提出了建立国有股流通稳定基金的政策设想，主张应按经济规律促进国有股的适度流通，实现有进有出的国有资产结构优化调整。     

立法先行—实现非流通股的全流通—以非流通股向流通股股东配售的方式实现上市公司股份全流通

近段时期，由于“国有股减持”问题造成国内股市的震荡，投资者的信心和国内证券市场的健康发展受到了一定影响，中国证监会及时作出暂停执行原定的“国有股减持方案”的决定，并广泛向社会征求意见。为此，本文提出以非流通股向流通股股东配售的方式，实现非流通股全流通的方案，供探讨。     

（FSI）国有股减持方案（上）

完整意义上的国有股减持包括上市公司国有股减持和非上市公司国有股减持，其中上市公司的国有股减持问题是2000年下半年以来中国证券市场最为关注的问题之一（本文中提到的“国有股减持”，如无特别说明，均指“上市公司国有股减持”）。有关研究机构关于国有股减持的理论研究和方案设计不断见诸报章。然而，鉴于国有股减持的复杂性和市场敏感性，在研究和设计减持修正案时必须综合考虑到市场稳定性、国有股东利益、公众投资者利益保护等多方面的因素并加以综合平衡。本文从促进中国证券市场健康发展的角度出发，在考虑了众多复杂因素和现有…     

为优化而减持

日前，国家证券委宣布停止实施通过证券市场进行国有股减持的政策，立即引起了深沪两大股市的“红色井喷”，股民们倒是皆大欢喜，但改变国有股“一股独大”的局面似乎让人觉得难上加难。 国有股减持为什么非常困难？经济学家吴敬琏认为，根本原因是旧有的国有企业体制已经演变为“国家辛迪加”这种党政经一体化的结构，从体制上制约着国有企业的产权结构调整和优化，说来也怪，国有企业也是企业，为什么却成了“党政经一体化”组织，看来一定有着某种历史渊源和利益关系作为根基，否则使用市场的办法解决就不会带来那么多的麻烦。 这…     

社保基金或成长期做空机构？

历经8年探索,利用国有股资源和股市平台筹集资金、充实社保基金的具体办法,由“减持”调整为“转持”,对此媒体普遍赞赏,业内人士也大都认为是股市利好。但是,经过冷静客观分析,结论是国有股“转持”没有“减持”好。     

国有股减持问题研究--兼论减持与流通同步解决

为了尽快消除国有股垄断上市公司股权所带来的种种国企病，减持工程庆快尽快完成，但又要以不严重冲击现有股市为条件，既快又稳的双重要求，是设计减持方案的前提条件。把应该减持的国有股的大部分划拔给社保基金，然后让其在专门的“国有股法人流通市场”上相机变卖，这样做可以减持工程既快又稳，又可以为减持问题和流通问题的同步解决找到实现的现实的途径。     

国有股减持的目标分析

一、减持国有股补充社会保障基金1 .国有股减持的数量空间分析据统计 ,到 1 999年底我国共有 1 0 41家上市公司 ,总股本 471 0亿股 ,其中在境内上市公司949家 ,2 96 5亿股 (其中国有股 1 5 85 .2亿股 ,占 5 3.4% ;发起人法人股 1 6 1 .8亿股 ,占5 .46 % ) ;在境外上市的 H股 44家 ,95 2亿股 (其中国有股 6 1 4亿股 ,占 6 4 .46 % ) ;红筹股 48家 ,792亿股 (其中国有股 45 3亿股 ,占 5 7.1 6 % )。所有上市公司的国有股本为 2 6 5 2 .2亿股 ,占总股本的 5 6 .3% ,按平均每股净资产 2 .43元计算 ,国有股净资产值为 6 4 4 4 .8亿元 ,相当于全…     

国有股减持应处理好的几个关系

两次国有股减持均未获成功，既说明国有股减持的复杂性，也说明管理层在制定政策时，考虑问题的片面性和处理问题的不成熟性。国有股减持是一个系统工程，应站在发展国民经济的角度，在时空两个方面进行科学规划，尤其要处理好国有经济格局与股份公司股权结构调整的关系、筹集社会保障基金与国有股减持的关系和存量减持优化与增量初始优化等要素间的关系。     

国有股减持与公股流通的理性思考

分析了历次国有股减持失误的深层原因，提出了系统解决国有股减持与公股流通的具体原则及方案要点，包括：市场利益优先，以真实资产为定价基准，以市场价值中枢区间的平均市价为市场基准价，理论注通与现实流通权分离，国有股由明减转为暗减的退出机制以及“全面规划，一次并轨，分期实现；先流通后减持，先绩优后绩差”的一揽子解决方案。     

增强Linux系统安全性的措施

L inux系统的安全取决于系统管理员如何来管理它。本文探讨了一系列可以增强安全性的技巧与策略 ,包括 :系统安装原则、BIOS安全、口令安全策略、设计帐户自动注销功能、文件系统和日志安全策略、使用 SSH及 TCP-WRAPPERS,隐藏系统信息、删除所有特殊帐户、关闭控制台程序、限制系统中的 SUID/ SGID程序等。本文最后向 L inux系统管理员提出了一些安全管理方面的建议     

CIS与现代企业管理美学

概括性介绍了 ＣＩＳ（Ｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｅ Ｉｄｅｎｔｉｔｙ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ）的三大基本组成，并阐述了它与现代企业管理密不可分的相互联系及所处的举足轻重的地位，指出导入ＣＩＳ是现代企业谋求发展的重要手段。     

Divergent patterns of engagement in Internet standardization: Japan,Korea and China

This article analyzes the engagement of Japanese, Korean and Chinese participants in the development of Internet standards at IETF on the basis of four quantitative metrics: attendance, patenting, authorship and leadership. The results are strikingly divergent. Japanese involvement in Internet standardization began early and Japan was, for many years, second only to the U.S. in terms of IETF participation. Though Japanese participation has declined since the early 2000s, Japan remains a major contributor to IETF standardization. Korean involvement in IETF has always been significant, but below the levels of Japan and major European countries. Korean participation in IETF has also declined over the past decade, and has been dominated by one firm, Samsung. Though meaningful Chinese involvement in IETF did not begin until the mid-2000s, it has rapidly expanded in recent years. Today, China is a major player in numerous areas of Internet standardization in terms of three metrics (participation, patenting and leadership), and is rapidly gaining in terms of document authorship as well. Most of China׳s recent IETF involvement can be attributed to Huawei, though other Chinese firms have recently begun to increase their participation in the organization. Thus, contrary to some views that China׳s engagement with standardization is primarily one of indigenous innovation and “catching up”, China׳s experience with IETF demonstrates deliberate and effective engagement with a major Western standards-development organization on its own terms.     

Comparing FTTH access networks based on P2P and PMP fibre topologies

There is an ongoing discussion in the market which Next Generation Access (NGA) architecture best suits future needs and which investment and cost differences exist. The discussion can be subsumed as P2P vs. GPON, which is somewhat misleading as this article reveals. The discussion is driven by the fact that the high capital cost and the long asset life time of fibre mean that the technology choices made today will dominate the opportunities for telecommunication business of all market players, incumbents, competitors, content providers and business and residential users for many years in the future.The paper analyzes the cost and other differences between Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH) access network architectures and their related different wholesale approaches by using the well-known and understood steady state approach applied in other NGA analyses in the past. In addition to the steady state analysis a dynamic cost evaluation is included taking into account the different investment behaviour of the FTTH architectures over time. The results describe investment and cost differences between architectures, incumbents and wholesale based competitive operators. The analysis has been performed for different geotypes (clusters) of decreasing population density in a representative European settlement structure.     

Whose Image is it Anyway?: Some Considerations of the Curricular Importance of Subject Image in Secondary School Design and Technology Education

This paper explores the idea that a sense of school subject image is a necessary feature of curriculum management and a potent force for change. The discussion centres on the view that all school subjects have an image and that if those intimately involved with the subject do not control the image then someone else does! In such circumstances the image is the product of past encounters and old euphemisms and is unlikely to hold the changed realities.The UK developments in Design and Technology education (the term Design and Technology is used to denote the school subject defined under this heading by the UK National Curriculum, 1995) have created something of an image problem which has interesting international parallels. Some of these problems are due to clearly discernible internal tensions and an ambiguous relationship with other subject areas.Through greater attention to subject image internal controversies might be acknowledged and resolved, relationships with other subject areas can be more meaningfully understood and practitioners can be helped to make sense of curriculum change.     

Diffusion and usage of public e-services in Europe: An assessment of country level indicators and drivers

We analyze the state of the art of indicators on e-government, e-health, e-procurement and e-participation. We survey the main methodological properties of these indicators, and highlight their heuristic potential. Further, we address empirically the issue of the explanation of the availability scores, i.e. how the supply of the various e-services in each country is affected by political, institutional and socio-economic differences, and is followed by actual usage. The econometric analysis uncovers the importance of broadband penetration and higher education as drivers for most of the types of e-services and users (citizens and businesses). Moreover, a corruption-free and agile public sector proves to be an important pre-condition for more effective supply and usage. Despite data limitations and the complexity of the underlying diffusion phenomena, our study is the first truly longitudinal contribution aimed at disentangling the common drivers of such an important phenomenon – the e-services availability and usage across European countries. As such, this work appears useful to inform the policy debate and practice, in a phase characterized by a prospective reorientation of the public e-services provision and policy agenda.     

一种高精度的频率标准比对系统

频率标准源可以提供精确的标准频率,在测定频率标准源的各项性能指标时,要求测试系统必须具有很高的比对精度。所设计的频率标准比对系统采取多级倍频 混频方式使频率偏差逐级扩大后再测量,从而避免了直接进行高次倍频的困难,提高了测量精度,可以对高精度的频率标准的准确度、长短期频率稳定度进行快速测量,是一种高精度时畴参数测量系统。     

Indigenous peoples’ nutrition transition in a right to food perspective

In indigenous communities the nutrition transition characterized by a rapid westernization of diet and lifestyle is associated with rising prevalence of chronic disease. Field work and literature reviews from two different policy environments, Argentina (Jujuy) and Canada (Nunavut), identified factors that add to indigenous peoples’ disease risk. The analytical framework was the emerging human right to adequate food approach to policies and programmes. Indigenous peoples’ chronic disease risk tends to increase as a result of government policies that infringe on indigenous peoples’ livelihoods and territories, undermining their economic system, values and solidarity networks. Policies intended to increase food security, including food aid, may also fuel the nutrition transition. There is a need to explore further the connection between well-intended policies towards indigenous peoples and the development of chronic diseases, and to broaden the understanding of the role that different forms of discrimination play in the westernization of their lifestyles, values and food habits. Food policies that take due account of indigenous peoples’ human rights, including their right to enjoy their culture, may counteract the growth of chronic disease in these communities.     

The role of government in broadband access

This paper discusses the role of governments in broadband. It is divided into five sections. Following an introduction in section one, section two discusses the diffusion of broadband Internet. Section three deals with competition-based and public-goods views on regulation and the corresponding roles and issues for governments. To gain deeper insights into the role of government in broadband, section four analyses market regulation and public activities in furthering broadband deployment in the US, Korea and Europe. These insights are evaluated in relation to the theoretical considerations established in section three. Section five closes with a discussion of our results and some conclusions. It becomes obvious that national broadband strategies benefit from considering both public good and competition-related aspects.     

A strategic skill based model of supplier integration and its effect on supply management performance

Supplier integration is a tool to help organizations gain competitive advantage. Strategic supply management skills and the supply management function's perceived status are hypothesized as antecedents to supplier integration leading to supply management performance. The sample for this study includes 152 executive level supply management professionals. The empirical results suggest that strategic skills and perceived status are essential antecedents to supplier integration and subsequent performance. Further, the relationship between strategic skills and performance is mediated by supplier integration. Results of a dominance analysis also suggest which strategic skills are most likely to explain status integration, and performance. These findings have significant implications for supply management theory and practice.