基于煤与瓦斯突出事故的现状分析及对策研究

针对历年来全国范围内煤与瓦斯突出事故发生的相应数据统计资料作为研究基础,对我国近年以来煤与瓦斯突出事故相应的矿井分布特征、事故发生特征以及导致事故的原因等各方面进行全面系统化的分析,根据煤矿行业分布情况、产业监督管理、经济与技术发展战略、企业经营管理等各个方面提出了可以有效防止煤与瓦斯突出事故发生的系列对策。     

煤与瓦斯突出的防治措施

结合我国煤矿煤与瓦斯突出的基本情况和国内外目前所用的防治措施来总结出目前我国煤与瓦斯防治的体系,阐述了煤与瓦斯突出的现状及危害、机理及规律,归纳出有效控制煤与瓦斯突出事故多发的对策建议。     

我国煤矿煤与瓦斯突出现状及防治对策

我国是世界上煤与瓦斯突出灾害最为严重的国家,对煤与瓦斯突出灾害进行防范成为当前煤矿工作中十分艰巨的任务。本文结合我国煤与瓦斯的相关数据及案例对出现这些事故的原因进行了分析,提出了煤与瓦斯突出防治工作的几点对策。     

煤与瓦斯突出倾向性的数值模拟

本文利用离散元方法对煤与瓦斯突出动力现象进行了数值模拟,分析了煤与瓦斯突出之前的煤体应力场的变化,为防治其突出事故提供理论支持。     

涟源小型煤矿煤与瓦斯突出防治技术探究

本文根据涟源市小型煤矿的矿井瓦斯特点,分析了煤与瓦斯突出事故频发的原因,通过对煤与瓦斯突出规律的分析和探讨,介绍了部分防突技术措施,并提出了一些实际问题和改进建议。     

国家安监总局：低瓦斯煤矿也要安装瓦斯监测系统

从2006年起。低瓦斯煤矿也要安装瓦斯监测监控系统．这是国家安全生产监督管理总局的明确要求。全国5200多处高瓦斯煤矿矿井、煤与瓦斯突出矿井已全部装备了瓦斯监测监控系统，为监控瓦斯、减少事故起到了重要作用。但低瓦斯矿井发生重特大事故也屡见不鲜。     

矿井抽放瓦斯的意义及瓦斯事故的防治措施

我国煤矿的瓦斯压力大、瓦斯含量高、煤质松软、透气性低,开采过程中瓦斯释放速度快,易发生煤与瓦斯突出现象并诱发瓦斯爆炸,严重影响井下煤矿工人的生命安全。本文主要介绍了煤矿井下瓦斯气体的释放特征、抽采瓦斯的意义和井下瓦斯事故的防范措施。     

高瓦斯矿井煤层巷道快速掘进方法

长期以来．高瓦斯矿井煤层巷道掘进受瓦斯影响很大．是制约煤层巷道快速掘进、影响生产衔接和安全的主要㈨素。因此,必须采取有效的瓦斯治理方法和生产组织形式．降低煤层瓦斯含量和瓦斯压力．杜绝煤与瓦斯突出事故,减少和消除瓦斯对生产的影响．保障矿井安全。     

瓦斯抽采管网监测一体化技术研究与应用

瓦斯抽采是解决煤矿瓦斯突出事故的根本之道,建立和使用瓦斯抽采管网的计量监测系统,是客观评价瓦斯抽采效果及是否达标的重要依据.平煤股份公司十二矿位于平顶山矿区东部,是煤与瓦斯突出矿井.近年来,十二矿深入实践科学发展观,大力推进管理和技术创新,全方位综合治理瓦斯,通过安装KJ370瓦斯抽放管网监控系统,连续监测管道瓦斯的浓度、流量、压力、温度及一氧化碳浓度等参数,实现了煤矿井下瓦斯抽采连续在线监测,优化了瓦斯抽采方案,大幅提高了矿井的瓦斯抽采、利用效率,实现了安全生产.     

煤与瓦斯突出防治技术及存在问题分析

对煤与瓦斯突出的机理进行了研究,并对煤与瓦斯突出的规律和预兆做出了分析,同时还指出了预测突出的方法和有效的防突措施及存在问题分析与对策,为防治矿井的煤与瓦斯突出提供借鉴经验。     

推进人力资源的系统开发

当前，推进人力资源开发，对于经济社会发展具有重要意义。从系统观点看，从我国经济社会发展的实际出发。需要着眼于人力资源开发的全过程，关注人力资源开发的全方面，增强人力资源开发的系统性。为此，需要在提升主体性过程中推进人力资源开发，在改进管理模型中推进人力资源开发，在教育培训中推进人力资源开发，在文化建设中推进人力资源开发，在人才使用中推进人力资源开发，在市场化的进程中推进人力资源开发，在提升社会资本的过程中推进人力资源开发，在完善机制过程中推进人力资源开发。     

井间示踪剂技术在油田开发中的应用

介绍了油田开发中几种常用的井间示踪剂技术原理、特点及在油田的应用效果和发展趋势,阐述了井间示踪剂技术的多种用途。通过示踪剂技术可以分析油田的水驱规律,了解断层的封闭状况,验证油水井的连通情况,计算注水井在平面上各个方向的渗流速度以及油井的水淹方向,确定区块的剩余油分布等,对于进一步认识油藏的非均质性、注入水沿裂缝窜流的规律、注水方案调整以及调剖堵剂用量的确定起到了积极的指导作用,为油田的油水井调整、工艺技术措施和综合治理提供了可靠的科学依据。     

解构主义在服装设计中的应用

解构理论以德里达的哲学理论为基础,其核心理念就是推翻固有的模式,建立新的秩序。服装中的解构分为理念和技巧两方面的运用。设计手法表现为:(1)拒绝"综合"观念,改向"分解"观念;(2)拒绝传统的使用与形式间的对立,转向两者的叠合或交叉;(3)强调碎裂叠合及组合,分解服装系统的界限,提出新定义。当下的服装设计中显现出三种伪解构主义:(1)对解构的不理解;(2)文本的意义代替了设计;(3)消极的理论倾向。解构的设计要发展,首先有赖于对解构设计的了解,及设计师对思维的高度要求的共同努力,以及对解构的积极方向的导引。解构在服装中已成为主流之一,并将继续流行。随着人们对理性的回归,解构作为理念将适度回转。解构作为技巧必将走向成衣化,最终成为服装设计的常用手段。     

Texas 9-1-1: Emergency telecommunications and the genesis of surveillance infrastructure

Infrastructures of surveillance—everyday, taken-for-granted, institutionalized and technically mediated practices which identify, observe, and analyze individual actions—permeate society. These infrastructures mediate the production of social knowledge and action toward individuals. This article examines the genesis of one such infrastructure, namely the coordinated practices of identifying and locating mobile phone users during emergency (9-1-1) calls. Implementing this infrastructure has entailed creating and coordinating systems to locate wireless phones, to deliver the emergency calls to the appropriate service agency, and to deliver appropriate services to the emergency event. This implementation has occurred within historically specific regulatory, political, cultural, technological, and economic contexts and has specific implications for general surveillance practice. Focusing primarily on the state of Texas, this article examines the development of systems which store and deliver individuals’ geographic location. It argues that, despite privacy laws tightly restricting the use of information generated in the 9-1-1 process, and despite the special purpose to which the 9-1-1 system is dedicated, the wireless 9-1-1 initiative has created the infrastructure for a general purpose locational surveillance infrastructure capable both of surveilling broad patterns of activities and of responding to particular individuals. Moreover, the infrastructure is more available to police agencies and to well-established and well-funded corporate entities than to grass roots organizations. This trend is driven by the need to coordinate a national emergency response system within a fractured telecommunication industry, by the desire of marketers to understand and address their customers’ habits of mobility, and by an increasing willingness of police agencies to include widespread surveillance under the rubric of “emergency services.” Policy responses such as greater ability to opt out of the surveillance system, public oversight of emergency operations, and greater public access to the infrastructure itself might mitigate the most harmful potential social effects of this infrastructure, while distributing its benefits in a more democratic and egalitarian way.     

Advancing a new index for measuring household vulnerability to food insecurity

This paper develops a Vulnerability to Food Insecurity Index (VFII). Currently, there is no standard indicator of vulnerability analysis in food security research, and this paper responds to this challenge. The primary objective in this paper is to demonstrate how to develop a potential indicator and establish its validity through comparison with other traditional food security indicators, such as per capita calorie consumption (PCC), food consumption score (FCS) and the coping strategy index (CPI). Structurally, Vulnerability to Food Insecurity Index is a multidimensional index of the probability of covariate shock occurring (exposure), the accumulative experience of food insecurity (sensitivity) and coping ability of households (adaptive capacity). The paper applies the index to households in southern Nigeria, using the World Bank’s generalised household panel dataset. The results show 61% of households in the study to be highly vulnerable to food insecurity, 12% mildly vulnerable and 27% not vulnerable. Traditional and single indicators, such as FCS and PCC are not good indicators of vulnerability to food insecurity whereas CPI is a better indicator of vulnerability to food insecurity compared to FCS and PCC. The VFII developed in this paper includes components of FCS, PCC, and CPI and regarding ranking, the VFII was found to be reliable. Most importantly, the analysis using the VFII reveals how dietary diversity or calorie consumption indicators can exclude some households who are vulnerable to food insecurity. The paper concluded that accurately target long-term support to vulnerable households, policymakers who seek to address the underlying causes of food insecurity cannot rely on single indicators, and for this type of goal, the VFII makes a useful contribution.     

论虚拟仿真技术与群体支持系统在工程管理中联合应用

工程施工计划是一项复杂的工作，不断增长的复杂因素决定了工程管理人员需要采取新的、从未被用过、检测过的工程施工方法。缺乏便于工程策划人员进行评估和确认施工计划是否合理的工具，会在工程施工阶段造成许多重复性工作，造成成本浪费。虚拟现实技术为解决上述问题提供了一个很好的方法，会生成虚拟环境，允许项目决策人员在施工之前合理优化和选择施工方案，资源优化，降低成本，从而获得更好的投资效益。利用群体支持系统建立与工程施工计划相呼应的模型，工程数据作为其处理问题与人机交互的依据，辅助人员决策，进行项目的预算和分析，提高工程项目的价值管理。     

The unfinished history of usage rights for spectrum

The key task in the next stage of spectrum management is to adapt regulation to the prospect of widespread sharing, on a much more sophisticated basis than sharing is used today. There is a role for the regulator to take steps to expand the area of choice within which public and private sector users can operate. This is best done in general by enhancing the flexibility of usage rights, which itself is best achieved by enhancing the freedom to trade them in the dimensions of time, space, level of interference and priority of access, by subdividing, re-aggregating, etc. However, there are considerable transactions cost impediments to trading where unlicensed users are involved. This creates a role for the regulator pro-actively to investigate different allocations, to make provisions for the most promising to occur and to incorporate both in refarming exercises and in primary assignments based on auctions configurations of usage rights, which might favour promising avenues of shared spectrum use.     

国有大型企业集团的自主性改革--来自泸天化(集团)有限责任公司的实践

泸天化(集团)有限责任公司结合自身大型国有企业的特点,从生存和持续、稳定、协调发展的战略高度出发,充分把握企业经济效益较好的有利时机,科学分析,超前策划,采取“迈小步,不停步,集小步为大步”的方法和“积极稳妥,务求实效”的策略,不断更新观念,勇于探索,大胆实践,充分把握和用活现行政策、法规,不失时机地推进企业以产权为核心的自主性改革。通过实施系列企业“瘦身”计划和资源的优化配置,实现员工身份转换和员工持股计划,完成以投资主体多元化为重点的公司制改造,彻底转换企业经营机制和管理体制,进而提高企业核心竞争力和综合实力,为国有大型企业集团加快改革和发展探索了一条稳定而积极的路子。     

The quality of food risk management in Europe: Perspectives and priorities

In this paper, we address the issue of food risk management as practised in Western Europe. We begin by considering how food risks are managed, and then go on to consider how well they are managed. There are multiple answers to the ‘how well’ question, which are related to the varied perspectives of the different key stakeholders – from the food risk managers and producers, to the general public and the media. Consequently, there is no clear answer to the question of quality. What our review does identify is two priorities relevant to our understanding of effective food risk management: first, a need for further research to determine the source and nature of the different evaluative perspectives, and second, a need for the key stakeholders to appreciate and understand the alternative perspectives in order to enhance the effectiveness of the food risk management process.     

粒子群算法和灰狼算法的融合

为了解决传统粒子群算法(PSO)容易“早熟”、陷入局部最优以及灰狼算法(GWO)收敛速度慢的问题。首先，采用GWO算法的个体极值更新策略来实现个体包围式向最优值趋近，融入PSO算法的速度更新策略来实现群体向最优值的趋近，并且在原始粒子群算法基础上加入线性惯性权重递减来提高算法的收敛速度，从而提出了一种基于灰狼算法和改进的粒子群算法(IPSO)的融合优化算法(GW-IPSO);其次，通过6个经典算例进行仿真试验，将融合算法与PSO算法、IPSD算法、灰狼和粒子群结合算法(GW-PSO)进行对比；最后，应用融合算法对二级直线倒立摆的控制器设计进行参数寻优。结果表明：针对6个标准测试函数，混合算法的30次试验结果平均值更接近最优值，且标准差几乎都是最小的；应用在倒立摆控制问题上，系统在5 s左右进入稳定状态。融合后的GW-IPSO算法能够在一定程度上避免早熟和陷入局部极值的问题发生，并且能够很好地应用于控制器设计过程中参数寻优问题。