融资约束中介下上市公司金融关联与研发投资 ——基于人员与股权对比视角

本文以 2011～2017 年沪深两市A 股上市制造企业为样本， 在产融结合理论与投融资理论相融合的基础上， 从人员和股权两个关联视角对比分析， 探索不同金融关联方式对研发投资的影响机制与作用效果， 以及融资约束在其中的中介效应。 结果表明， 金融关联作为弥补正式制度不足的一种替代机制， 通过人员、 股权方式能够为企业研发活动提供融资、 信息、 业务的优势机会， 直接促进企业研发投资； 借助融资约束的部分中介效应， 缓解外部融资困境， 对促进研发投资具有显著的间接效应； 对比发现， 金融机构参股 的股权关联更好地实现了企业与金融机构信息交流的帕累托改进， 对企业研发投资的影响更加显著。     

融资新亮点:私募股权投资基金

由于房地产宏观金融调控的影响,房地产企业的资金链普遍紧张。传统的融资渠道受到限制,私募股权投资基金可以作为房地产业融资的新亮点;私募股权投资基金对房地产业将带来积极的影响。当前,房地产企业利用私募股权投资基金还面临一些棘手的问题。近年来,国际资本市场私募基金的发展速度很快,业绩令人瞩目,其模式越来越受到一些大的机构投资者的认可,成为国际金融市场的焦点。根据欧洲私募股权与创业资本协会统计,2003年欧洲私募股权的总投资额达到291亿欧元,总的融资量达到270亿欧元。普华永道世界投资报告认为,2004年私募股权投资额占GDP的份额在北美、欧洲和亚洲分别为0.97%、0.28%、0.23%。近5年来,美国的私募股权基金总额增长了一倍,达到目前的约7000亿美元的规模。据统计,中国地下金融额度高达8000亿元,其中私募股权投资基金占9成左右。境外私募股权投资基金更是跃跃欲试,它们在中国已经成功培育了蒙牛、尚德、新浪和聚众传媒等一大批知名企业。目前私募股权投资约占中国GDP份额的0.50%,但这与西方国家4%-5%的比例仍相去甚远,这表明中国私募股权市场发展潜力巨大。     

碳信息披露与企业投资效率-基于 2011~2015 年 CDP 中国报告的实证研究

本文以 2011~2015 年参与国际 CDP 项目的中国公司为研究对象，从投资效率视角探析碳信息披露与企业投资效率之间的关系，并就产权性质、管理层权力对二者关系的影响进行检验。结果发现：在其他条件相同的情况下，碳信息披露能够显著提高企业投资效率；同时，相较于非国有企业，国有企业碳信息披露更能提高企业投资效率；管理层权力越大，越会削弱碳信息披露对投资效率的改善作用。进一步研究发现，碳信息披露通过缓解投资不足和抑制过度投资的共同作用来提高企业投资效率，且这种作用在国有企业及管理层权力较低的企业中更为显著。     

国资委将加强中央企业投资活动管理与控制

为进一步规范中央企业投资管理，有效规避投资风险，国资委要求中央企业严格执行企业重大投资活动报告制度，加强企业投资风险管理与控制，严格落实责任追究制度。按照《中央企业投资监督管理暂行办法》及其实施细则有关规定，中央企业发生以下重大投资活动，须及时向国资委报告（审核、备案）并报送有关材料和情况：企业非主业投资，包括非主业性质的房地产、金融、证券和保险业投资等；企业境外投资；[第一段]     

房产投资的天时地利

今年，中国高收入群体对于房地产市场仍然持有较高的热情，这与近几年中国各大城市房价均出现较大涨幅有关，特别是上海、北京几个大的城市的地产发展带动了整个市场投资的热潮。房地产投资是一项长线投资，切忌心血来潮、道听途说。仔细研究不同区域、不同城市、不同地段的发展轨迹，结合当地具体情况实际考察，方能作出完整的投资计划。     

我国工业企业技术资产利润贡献份额及影响因素研究

本文以2007～2009年制造业A股上市公司为样本,运用改进后的柯布-道格拉斯生产函数,通过实证研究测算了工业企业各项资产的相对效率及技术资产的利润贡献份额。研究结果表明:技术资产的利润率要高于固定资产及人力资产;技术成熟度不同、规模不同及所有权性质不同的行业技术资产利润贡献份额不同。企业应优化资本配置,提高投资效率。     

企业动态

中铁总公司在建筑业企业中排名第一信息发布中心公布了中国企业集团的荣列2003中国500家最大企业集团营业收入第两位,在建筑业企业中首次排名第一。据中国铁路工程总公司副总经理近日北京城建集团与澳大利亚MULTIPEX公司合资合作在北京城建原属的城建八公司将由国有建筑企业地国际建设发展有限公司。其中,MULTIPEX公司占股权50%,北京城建集团占股权资有限公司占股权依法依规维护了外施员工的合法权益。企业动态     

股份制是实现政企分开两权分离建立现代企业制度的有效途径

股份制，作为社会化生产发展所要求的新的企业制度，一方面其资金来自千百家各类投资(居民户、金融机构、企业等)，不同投资对投资用途会有不同的意愿；另一方面生产活动有序进行和经营活动千头万绪，又迫切需要统一指挥与决策。为了将投资主体的多元化跟生产、经营的集中化、统一化有机地结合起来，股份制提供了一套在同一企业内部将所有权(投资)与管理权(经营层)“分离”开的机制。     

城市经济增长对房地产开发投资 依赖度的时空演变趋势——基于 281个城市面板数据的空间计量分析

本文基于 2003~2017 年全国 281个地级及以上城市的数据， 探究地区经济增长对房地产投 资依赖度的变化， 并运用空间杜宾模型， 对房地产投资拉动经济增长的区域特征及其空间溢出效应进行探 讨。 结果显示： 我国大部分城市的经济增长对房地产投资的依赖度仍然较大， 不仅存在自身的时间惯性依 赖， 还存在近邻空间依赖。 房地产投资通过两种方式来影响地方经济增长： （1） 直接增加本地区房地产投 资； （2） 通过邻近区域房地产投资的空间外溢的间接作用。 从时间上来讲， 地方经济增长对房地产投资的 依赖性随着时间的推移逐渐增加； 从空间上来讲， 地方经济对房地产投资的依赖度存在区域异质性， 对直接 作用依赖度最大的是东部地区城市， 对间接作用依赖度最大的是中部地区城市。 为了减轻地方经济对房地产 投资的依赖， 政府应根据各区域的房地产投资特征来制定相关政策， 以免对经济造成较大冲击。     

融资约束下企业现金持有与投资效率的互动关系研究——来自中国制造业 2013～2017 年上市企业的经验证据

本文对中国沪深Ａ股上市的制造业企业 2013～2017 年的数据进行实证研究，分析异质性企业面临融资约束情况下，如何运用现金持有的多寡提升企业投资效率。研究发现，我国上市制造业企业普遍存在融资约束，现金持有的增加提高了小规模企业的投资效率，而对大规模企业存在过度投资的倾向；现金持有的增加令高成长性的企业提升了投资效率，对低成长性的企业影响则不显著。因此，我国应大力发展金融行业，提高企业内外部融资渠道；政府应合理规制，完善现金激励，规避道德风险，加大企业信息披露，提升中国制造业企业的投资效率。     

Ownership and its Impact on Coping with Financial Crisis: Differences in State-, Mixed-, and Privately-Owned Enterprises in Thailand

Corporate turnarounds have been studied widely in Western contexts, but few empirical studies detail turnaround experience in non-western countries, especially those undergoing or recovering from financial crisis. An assumption in recent privatization policies has been that change in ownership triggers a form of performance reversal or turnaround. Here, we compare firms with three different forms of ownership two years after the financial crisis in Thailand. This study assesses the impact of ownership differences on the level of corporate entrepreneurship, human resource management practices, and worker effort among state-, mixed- and privately-owned enterprises in Thailand. The results suggest cautious optimism about changes in ownership as a potential means for triggering organizational changes that lead to increased productivity for threatened economies. Mixed ownership may be an effective substitute for private ownership or, alternately, an effective transitional form of restructuring state enterprises in preparation for private ownership.     

How Much Does Ownership Form Matter?

Research summary : Previous studies have emphasized firm and industry effects on variation in firm performance, but the relationship between forms of ownership and firm performance has been the focus of limited research. This article examines the extent to which ownership form (i.e., public or private ownership) and ownership structure (including diffused ownership and blockholding) affect firm performance. The results of an analysis of 30,525 European Union (EU) firms indicate that form of ownership is an important explanatory factor in the difference in performance among firms. These results underscore the need to study firms characterized by different ownership arrangements and to provide empirical evidence for the study of firm ownership in strategic management. Managerial summary : Motivated by growing evidence on the involvement of different types of owners in the strategies of firms, we studied the extent to which a firm's ownership form (type of legal incorporation, such as public and private ownership forms) and ownership structure (diffused ownership and blockholding) affect its performance. Our study of more than 30,000 firms from the European Union shows that ownership form differences explain some of the performance differences between firms. Our results also indicate that firms with different ownership forms are differently affected by their competitive environment. Overall, the study suggests that choosing the right ownership form can have important strategic consequences. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

我国战略性新兴产业的所有制结构研究

利用《中国高技术产业统计年鉴》中的高技术产业数据与同花顺iFinD数据库的A股上市公司数据对我国战略性新兴产业及其细分行业的所有制结构进行了分析。结果显示,所有制结构在不同战略性新兴产业存在的差异．不同所有制结构企业的营业收入与利润增长也有很大不同,民营企业的盈利水平通常要高于国有企业。     

Managerial ownership and the role of privatization in transition economies: The case of China

Within transition economies, a popular tactic for revitalizing large and inefficient stateowned enterprises (SOEs) is to privatize them. Unfortunately, the empirical evidence related to this issue is equivocal. This study, therefore, explores more deeply what the relationship may be between privatization efforts of SOEs and their financial performance in transition economies. Specifically, we seek to better understand whether privatization reforms per se, or other corporate governance mechanisms that complement or substitute for this effort, are most effective. Using a panel sample of Chinese state-owned public firms over an eight year period from 1999 to 2006, we find that managerial ownership has a more significant impact on firm performance than privatization does. This finding suggests that internal incentives to managers may be more effective than external market mechanisms in economies transitioning from centralized planning to market control. Our results are robust using a wide variety of performance measures and different model specifications.     

Job Turnover in China: A Case Study of Shanghai's Manufacturing Enterprises

This article studies the job turnover among manufacturing enterprises in Shanghai during the period from 1989 to 1992. Various indicators of job turnover are calculated. The empirical results demonstrate that types of ownership and firm size are significant factors in accounting for the changes in job generation and job reallocation. Among various types of enterprise, international joint ventures and small firms are more able to create jobs and to generate job reallocation.     

电网企业产权制度改革研究

目前,电网企业产权单一,阻碍了电网企业现代企业制度的建立,文中重点就电网企业产权制度模式的选择及其理论依据,以及实现电网企业产权多元化的相关对策和方法进行了讨论。     

虚拟产权与企业家激励

不同于产权学派现有的观点，文章认为对企业家起激励作用的并非产权本身，而是通过产权带来的剩余索取权。文章提出“虚拟产权”这一概念，并通过一个正式模型比较分析了“虚拟产权”和真实产权在激励作用中的主要区别．结论为在预期最大获利大于预期最大亏损时，真实产权的激励作用不如“虚拟产权”：而在预期最大亏损大于预期最大获利时，“虚拟产权”相对于真实产权激励不足。文章的目的是为企业家激励和国有企业改革提供一个有益的思路。     

State Ownership, Privatization and Performance in Singapore: An Exploratory Study from a Strategic Management Perspective

This paper considers the ownership debate with regard to state-owned enterprises (SOEs) performance, that is, whether superior performance of SOEs can be achieved under state ownership. While the traditional belief has been, supported by empirical work, that private ownership is generally associated with superior performance, the experience of Singapore is a clear example to the contrary. We outline global privatization trends and discuss the impact of privatization programs. We then discuss Singapore Telecom as a case where state ownership combined with several contextual and firm-related factors, especially firm strategy, has led to sustained world-class performance. We develop a theoretical framework for this analysis based on the strategic management field. We lastly outline some theoretical and practical implications of the analysis.     

我国不同所有制工业企业全要素生产率比较研究——基于Malmquist指数的实证分析

使用Malmquist指数法对我国1997~2007年期间7种所有制工业企业全要素生产率进行了估算和拆分,结果发现,我国工业企业全要素生产率增长的主要源泉是来自于技术进步;外商投资工业企业的全要素生产率虽然曾经一直领先于内资企业,但是却处于不断下降的过程,很多地区内资企业生产率都已超过了外商和港澳台投资企业;目前内资企业中,私营企业和股份制企业的全要素生产率增长较快。     

R&D capabilities,intellectual property strength and choice of equity ownership in cross-border acquisitions: evidence from BRICS acquirers in Europe

The aim of the study is to investigate two relatively underexplored factors, namely, the R&D (research and development) capabilities of target firms and the strength of intellectual property (IP) institutions in target economies, that influences the choice of equity ownership in cross border acquisitions (CBAs) undertaken by multinational enterprises (MNEs) from BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) economies. They developed the key hypothesis on foreign market entry through CBAs by incorporating insights from transaction costs economics, the resource-based view and institutional theory to investigate the determinants of full versus partial equity ownership. Using logistic regression estimation methods to a sample of 111 CBA deals of BRICS MNEs in 22 European countries, it was found that BRICS MNEs were likely to pursue full rather than partial acquisition mode when target firms have high R&D capabilities. However, the greater the degree of strength of IP institutions in target economies and higher the target firms’ R&D capabilities, the more likely it is for BRICS MNEs to undertake partial, rather than, full acquisition mode. They provided interesting theoretical insights and managerial implications that might underlie some of the key findings on CBAs by emerging market MNEs.