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We employ a structural model and counterfactual analysis to identify the impact of subsidies on the Chinese electric vehicle (EV) sales and examine their welfare effects. Our findings suggest that subsidies are effective in promoting the diffusion of domestic EVs, but may adversely affect technological advancement. When the subsidies on domestic EVs are reduced, the welfare on domestic EV consumers and producers decreases. However, the reduction in government spending on EV subsidies outweighs this private welfare loss. Thus, the overall welfare increases. Subsidies cannot be justified from the perspective of reducing externalities because they increase rather than decrease pollution. 相似文献
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As a consequence of the paradigm shift in terms of the European Union??s or at least not 20/20/20 energy policy, the liberalization of the German electricity market and the German nuclear energy phase-out, power generation is often still located far from the main load centers. Hence the frequency of grid congestions is expected to rise. These congestions cannot, or not cost-efficiently, be handled with conventional congestion management methods. One approach to solve the problem is the modification of market areas via the splitting or the coupling of existing areas. This study quantitatively and qualitatively deals with the economic impacts of alternative market area definitions in Central Europe. Furthermore, our analysis puts a special emphasis on the implications of the nuclear energy phase-out in Germany in this context. Simulated power generation- and network costs are used for measuring the relative merit of the market zoning adopted. The study identifies three main scenarios as alternatives to the existing market areas: Based on an inter-German separation, for a more detailed examination (1) Austria is detached from southern Germany, (2) the Dutch market area is merged with the northern German zone and (3) the Swiss market area is integrated with the southern German zone and Austria. The implemented simulations show a distinctive trend towards economic advantages regarding alternative market areas in Central Europe. In case of a splitting of existing areas, network costs are the key factor for reducing total costs, whereas for the coupling of markets power generation costs are more crucial. Regarding the nuclear energy phase-out, the achievable cost savings are lower but still positive. 相似文献
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关于输配电价几个重要问题的探讨 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
我国电力企业将要由传统的垂直垄断的模式转变为网厂分开、竞价上网的模式。电网公司作为一个独立的经营实体分离开来,有着独立的收益需求。在市场运营过程中,通过输配电价取得收益就成了电网公司取得收益的主要手段。在输配电价的制订过程之中,管制方式、输配电成本、输电定价方法、价格水平及电网投资、输配电价价区、电网提供的辅助服务等六个问题十分重要。文中就这六个问题的解决作了一些有价值的探讨。 相似文献
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随着风电和光伏发电成本竞争力越来越强,国家财政补贴退坡、平价上网推进力度也逐步加大,在光伏发电建设管理方面开始实行光伏发电补贴竞价政策。油气田企业自备电网可以通过市场化交易,就近消纳分布式光伏发电和风电,条件非常便利,具有降低用电价格的潜力,同时"绿证"和碳减排指标的降本成效显著。油气田开发过程中推广网电钻井和压裂,油藏在开采后期实施二氧化碳驱、减氧空气驱等三次采油措施,开发利用油区地热资源,以及利用枯竭油气藏埋藏二氧化碳,都将新增大量用电需求。油气田企业依托自备电网、油区道路、土地和市场等优势,发展风光发电业务潜力巨大。在油区部署煤炭地下气化业务的综合优势突出,有望在枯竭油气田基础上开创一项"清洁电力+煤炭地下气化+二氧化碳埋藏"绿色产业,实现油、气、煤化石能源与清洁能源融合发展,促进传统油气田企业向清洁能源生产企业的转型发展。 相似文献
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分析了1980-2009年我国线损率及电网节能情况,由于电网侧节能仅占电力行业节能量的很小一部分,提出了通过电网的平台作用促进电力行业和全社会节能。构建了电网促进全行业节能减排的综合框架体系,电网内部节能减排的主要指标包括提高电网输送能力、推广先进技术和线损管理措施;发挥电网的平台作用促进全社会节能减排的主要指标包括优化电网调度、接受新能源并网、推动发电权交易、推广电力需求侧管理、促进电动汽车发展等,并提出了相关建议。 相似文献
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Martin Pehnt Hinrich Helms Udo Lambrecht David Dallinger Martin Wietschel Heidi Heinrichs Robert Kohrs Jochen Link Stefan Trommer Thomas Pollok Petra Behrens 《能源经济杂志》2011,35(3):221-234
The German Federal Government wants to establish Germany as a leading market for electric mobility. Potential environmental benefits and changes in the economic framework conditions of the energy sector are described in this paper. In order to quantify the electricity split which is actually used for charging electric vehicles, two economic models for the energy sector, a model for the market penetration of electric vehicles, a vehicle model and an LCA model are brought together. Based on an assumed dynamic increase of electric vehicles to 12 million in 2030, an additional electricity demand of about 18 TWh is calculated. If the vehicles are charged directly after their last daily trip, the peak load increases by 12%—despite the small increase in electricity demand. First model calculations for the development of the European power generation system show that the direct impact on the construction of new power plants remains low even until 2030. An impact of electric mobility on CO2 certificate prices can only be seen from 2025 onwards and is limited to an increase in certificate prices by a maximum of 8 % in 2030. An optimisation is possible with intelligent charging strategies: The peak load without demand side management can be reduced by 5 GW and about 600 GWh of additional wind energy can used which would otherwise have been throttled due to feed-in management—about 3.5 % of the total electricity demand of electric vehicles. On the other hand, demand side management leads to more coal power plants instead of gas power plants being used to meet the additional electricity demand. If additional renewable sources are installed along with demand side management, the electricity for electric vehicles is almost carbon free. This is also reflected in the life cycle balance of electric vehicles which also includes vehicle and battery production: With today’s average electricity split in Germany, the greenhouse gas emissions of electric vehicles are about comparable to vehicles with conventional combustion engines. However, the electricity split in 2030 or the use of additional renewable energy sources lead to a significant advantage in the greenhouse gas balance. 相似文献
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电动汽车充换电设施新型经营模式初探 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
为解决电动汽车充换电设施建设投资回收困难等难题,提出一种新型的电动汽车充换电设施经营模式,即:向用户提供电力衍生产品、快速换电服务以及车辆电池到电网(V2G)的合同管理等相关增值服务,并以充电时间和服务次数等计价方式灵活计算费用。与传统的售电经营模式相比,新型经营模式内涵丰富,具有较强的适应性和灵活性,既能对正常充电和快速充电进行科学合理计费,又能满足快速换电的结算要求,还能适应将来可能出现的V2G合同管理等增值服务的经营需要。 相似文献
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电力市场中市场势力受供给和需求刚性、市场竞争政策和制度安排,以及输电堵塞等因素影响表现出特殊性。电力市场势力不仅受到主导企业市场份额的影响,还更多地受企业之间战略相互作用或博弈效应、市场需求弹性、竞争性边缘企业供给弹性、边缘企业的市场份额等因素的影响。这些因素与电力生产经营过程中的技术性结合在一起,使规制很难有效进行,在电力市场中产生了明显的市场势力结果。限制电力市场中市场势力的根本途径是设计特别的市场竞争政策和交易制度。 相似文献
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由于电力生产、消费与国民经济发展情况具有同步性,所以电力经济数据对国民经济的宏观参数具有极高的参考作用。通过研究2003年以来第二产业与第三产业、重工业与轻工业以及黑色、有色和建材等行业的电力需求强度的变化,探讨宏观调控政策的实施效果。比较研究发现,2006年10月以前宏观调控政策实施效果较好,此后,由于国际市场价格的影响,黑色冶金、有色冶金等行业发展较快。 相似文献
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电力产业重组中的规制和放松规制 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
基于经济学理论,介绍了电力市场建设阶段的竞争和规制理论,探讨了中国电力市场的规制制度和规制效率,有助于更好地理解电力市场建设、审批权等一系列当前电力工业界热门论题的经济学本质,时仍处于探索阶段的中国电力产业重组是具有现实意义的。 相似文献
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电网企业经济增加值应用研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
采用经济增加值(EVA)最大化的理念目标有助于电网企业建立一种全新的管理模式和激励机制。结合电网企业的经营特点,论述了影响电网企业EVA的主要因素以及增加EVA的主要途径,并就电网企业EVA应用中的EVA的市场化环境与电网企业现实经营环境的协调问题、EVA事后评价与电网企业过程管理之间的矛盾问题、EVA激励对象的有限性与EVA全员参与的衔接问题、EVA指标计算与理念导向的融合问题、EVA指标与其他财务指标和非财务评价指标的互补问题等进行了分析。 相似文献
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在电力市场化改革进程中,美国的电力工业政策是引入竞争而不是放松管制,依靠竞争和监管来确保电力批发市场的公平和合理的价格。充裕的能源基础设施能够提供稳定的电力供给并且支持竞争性的电力市场。竞争与有效监管并行,能够为国家和社会公众带来最大的利益。美国联邦能源监管委员会通过利用国会赋予的更为广泛的监管手段确保电力批发市场运转良好。 相似文献
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介绍了分布式能源系统的发展现状以及我国"十一五"在分布式能源系统方面的发展目标。分布式能源系统具有能效高、损耗小、污染少、运行灵活、安全性好、电能质量高、系统经济性好等特点。根据其所在地的技术条件,分布式能源系统可以采用独立运行模式和与公用电网联网运行模式。面对分布式能源系统对公用电网安全稳定运行以及电力市场运作方面提出的挑战,要尽快明确产业发展导向,积极开展分布式能源系统发电设备特性及其相关问题研究,要协调相关行业有序发展。 相似文献