Cobacabana (control of balance by card-based navigation): A card-based system for job shop control

Existing card-based production control systems such as Kanban are mostly dedicated to repetitive production environments. Cards-based systems for job shop control are lacking, while particularly this industry segment shows a need for simple control systems. This paper aims at filling the gap by presenting a simple card-based system for job shop control, the Cobacabana (control of balance by card-based navigation) system. It is based on the concept of workload control (WLC), which has already proven its value in job shops. Developments towards more robust norms now allow for transforming the WLC concept into a simple card-based system, with loops of cards accompanying orders from release until completion at critical work centers. Cards returning from work centers authorize the planner to release new orders. A card-based display supports the planner with an overview of the shop floor situation, based on non-released cards. An additional loop of cards between sales and planning enables support of the order acceptance and due date promising function. A card-based acceptance display indicates what delivery dates are realistic, considering the current workload situation. Both the scientific roots of the system and practical implementation issues are discussed in this paper.     

The theory and practice of workload control: A research agenda and implementation strategy

The Workload Control (WLC) concept is one of few Production Planning and Control (PPC) solutions appropriate for Make-To-Order (MTO) companies yet its successful implementation is an enduring challenge. Most implementations reported are in large organisations yet it has been argued that WLC is particularly suitable for Small and Medium sized Enterprises (SMEs) with limited financial resources. Moreover, previous studies do not adequately describe the process through which implementation success was achieved. In this paper, data collected through semi-structured face-to-face interviews with key personnel from 41 companies is presented in order to build up a body of evidence on the characteristics of MTO SMEs that affect WLC implementation. The data paints a complex picture of MTO production and suggests that research is likely to be required to move theory closer to practice and organisational change to move practice closer to theory. The former is recommended where processes perform well or appear difficult to change; the latter is recommended where fundamental WLC principles are involved. Two outputs emerge from the study: (1) a research agenda for refining the WLC concept to improve alignment between theory and practice, covering the customer enquiry, order entry, design and engineering and order release stages; and (2) an implementation strategy, including elements of organisational change and covering pre-implementation, implementation and post-implementation stages. The characteristics of MTO SMEs identified should be used in future research to develop more realistic simulations for testing conceptual refinements while field research should apply and extend the implementation strategy presented in order to develop a more detailed roadmap for successful WLC implementation in practice.     

股权结构与内部控制有效性的案例分析

为了提高企业内部控制有效性,增强企业的核心竞争力,在相关文献研究的基础上,选择1家房地产上市公司纵向研究股权结构变化对企业内部控制有效性的影响,然后再选取4家具有代表性的房地产上市公司进行横向案例研究,分析不同的制衡股东性质对企业内部控制有效性所产生的影响。结果表明:在房地产行业内,万通地产的股权结构由一股独大转变成股权制衡的局面后,公司内部控制有效性有了一定的提升。通过横向分析对比张江高科、绿地控股、光大嘉宝、阳光城等4家房地产上市公司可知,当都存在国有制衡股东时,与国有公司相比,非国有公司内部控制质量更佳;在制衡股东为非国有股东时,公司的内部控制有效性更高。案例分析结果在其他类似房地产上市公司提高内部控制有效性的应用场景中具有参考价值。     

ZGM123中速磨煤机检修优化与改造

介绍了天津大唐国际盘山发电有限责任公司磨煤机的检修优化的实践和研究,磨煤机的检修优化首先是要基于点检定修的深入开展,通过点检定修确定合理、经济的检修周期;其次是通过采用先进的工艺技术对设备进行改造,从而减少磨煤机大修时的检修工作量和备件消耗,达到检修优化。     

磨削切入弹性退让的控制

本文提出了一种控制磨削过程中弹性退让的新方法。这种方法采用自校正控制算法以控制砂轮电机的定子电流。它为离线自适应控制用于磨加工,提高磨削精度提供了基础。     

油田结垢治理技术的改进与提高

油井及地面集输系统结垢是长庆油田开发生产过程中普遍存在的实际问题，从质量控制入手，通过不断完善配方，改进现场施工工艺，降低施工成本，取得了明显增油效果，延长了油井的检泵同期，取得了较大的技术效益和经济效益，为油田的稳产和上产提供了技术支持和保障。     

Evaluating shop floor input control using rapid modeling

A simple, spreadsheet-based rapid modeling approach to analysis of input control is developed. This approach uses relationships which allow decomposition of a job shop queuing network. Order release is based on a minimum release time interval, dictated by the bottleneck machine utilization. The objectives are to develop insights into how input control affects work flow and how rapid models can help in achieving this. The rapid model performs well and the order release mechanism is shown to be robust. Economic analysis based on throughput, inventory and lead time tradeoffs is provided. The value of input control is shown to be dependent on the cost structure. The impact on profitability is small, however, relative to the impact of operating at the optimal utilization level.     

基于Matlab的离网光伏单相全桥 逆变器控制策略

为了解决离网光伏发电系统为负载供电时逆变器输出电压存在谐波畸变率高的问题,提出一种改进的逆变器控制策略。首先,根据离网光伏发电系统的结构建立了单相全桥逆变器的数学模型;其次,基于数学模型分析,在接线性负载和投切线性负载时对逆变器采用电压电流双闭环控制策略,而在接非线性负载时引入输出电流反馈量,提出了由电感电流内环、输出电压外环、输出电流负反馈组成的逆变器多环稳压控制策略;最后,基于Matlab进行仿真,通过河北科技大学直流微电网系统进行试验验证,并将试验结果与仿真结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,上述3种工况下的逆变器电压谐波畸变率分别为1.8%,2.7%和2.3%,均满足小于5%的要求。研究结果对于改善逆变器的性能,提高离网光伏发电效率,以及发展新能源发电具有参考价值。     

最低工资标准、劳动力素质与FDI

本文利用我国30个省区2000～2014年的面板数据，分投资地区和投资类型考察了最低工资标准、劳动力素质对FDI流入规模的影响。研究发现：最低工资上涨对FDI流入规模呈现正U型影响；最低工资上涨通过提高劳动力素质增大FDI的流入规模。在东部地区，最低工资上涨对FDI流入规模呈现倒U型影响；而在中西部地区，最低工资上涨对FDI流入规模呈现正U型影响。最低工资上涨通过提高劳动力素质，增大了劳动密集型和资本密集型FDI的流入规模；而对技术密集型FDI的流入没有影响。本文的研究成果可为中国当前的最低工资制度、人才发展战略以及“引进来”战略的调整提供参考依据。     

Maximizing production rate and workload smoothing in assembly lines using particle swarm optimization

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) one of the latest developed population heuristics has rarely been applied in production and operations management (POM) optimization problems. A possible reason for this absence is that, PSO was introduced as global optimizer over continuous spaces, while a large set of POM problems are of combinatorial nature with discrete decision variables. PSO evolves floating-point vectors (called particles) and thus, its application to POM problems whose solutions are usually presented by permutations of integers is not straightforward. This paper presents a novel method based on PSO for the simple assembly line balancing problem (SALBP), a well-known NP-hard POM problem. Two criteria are simultaneously considered for optimization: to maximize the production rate of the line (equivalently to minimize the cycle time), and to maximize the workload smoothing (i.e. to distribute the workload evenly as possible to the workstations of the assembly line). Emphasis is given on seeking a set of diverse Pareto optimal solutions for the bi-criteria SALBP. Extensive experiments carried out on multiple test-beds problems taken from the open literature are reported and discussed. Comparisons between the proposed PSO algorithm and two existing multi-objective population heuristics show a quite promising higher performance for the proposed approach.     

Political economy of telecommunication infrastructure: An investigation of the National Broadband Network early rollout and pork barrel politics in Australia

It has been argued that infrastructure unevenness rigidifies into more lasting structures of socio-economic and political privilege and advantage. This paper focuses on telecommunication infrastructure as the backbone of the fast-growing digital economy, and raises important questions about the early National Broadband Network (NBN) rollout in Australia. The paper asks whether there was any case of pork barrelling in the selection of early release sites that enjoyed a regional competitive advantage against other localities that had to wait several years to receive the infrastructure. The answer to this question then leads to a second question about the degree to which voting in the early NBN release sites has swung following the infrastructure rollout. In order to answer these questions the paper examines the voting patterns in the earlier NBN release sites versus all electorates in the Federal elections in 2007–2013 using the data available via Australian Electoral Commission. Findings show trends of politically targeted funding, followed by vote swing in the very next election.     

强化标准体系建设 提高检测工作准确性与时效性

介绍了建立钻井液化学剂检验室标准体系的全过程,利用决策论层次分析法对每个准则的子准则进行排序,并通过一致性验证,得出各个准则层的相对重要度,确定了钻井液化学剂检验室标准体系,以达到减轻工作量、提高检验效率、优化资源配置的效果。     

民营化为何不能改善公司经营绩效——国光瓷业民营化的案例研究

本文以国光瓷业民营化为例,研究发现公司业绩并没有在“国退民进”之后表现出极大改善,相反正在急剧恶化。我们运用产权理论详细分析了民营化前后的所有权安排,指出民营化后的所有权安排并没有显著改善。基于这种所有权安排的控制权收益是导致公司业绩恶化的直接原因,“国有”时期的控制权收益体现在上市公司为政府的多元化经营目标服务,偏离了企业以盈利为导向的经营目标,而“民营”时期的控制权收益则体现为民营股东从上市公司转移资源。因此,通过完善证券市场的基础法律环境,约束甚至严惩控股股东获取控制权收益,是保证国有上市公司“国退民进”取得成功的基础。     

煤矿安全管理综合定量评价的熵值模型及应用

提出了基于熵的煤矿安全管理综合定量评价方法,建立了影响煤矿安全管理的通风安全管理、矿井防尘管理、矿井瓦斯防治管理、矿井水害防治管理、顶板管理、矿井温度、设备可靠性、设备防爆性、设备日常维护、设备定期检修、工作人员作业管理、员工培训管理、员工出勤率考核、工作量管理、工程质量管理、监控系统管理、安全信息管理的评价指标体系,并采用模糊数学综合评价方法对富山煤业安全管理进行了综合评价研究,通过隶属函数并结合专家打分获得各个因素的评价矩阵;并结合信息熵法获得富山煤业煤矿的安全管理评价等级为良好,得出该矿需要在安全管理、优化矿井通风系统等方面进一步加强安全管理工作,保证矿井安全生产。     

The demand for training and consultancy investment in SME-specific ERP systems implementation and operation

This research examines the demand for the level of investment in training and consultancy necessary to successfully implement and operate small and medium sized enterprises (SME)-specific enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems in SMEs. The extant literature on ERP, as well as established business practices adopted by the majority of ERP vendors and trainers, suggests that in order to implement and operate ERP systems effectively, a training model including an extensive training period, and often utilising external consultants, is a necessary condition. An in-depth case study has been conducted in this research on a UK-based SME-specific ERP systems vendor, which maintain that their SME-specific ERP systems can be implemented and operated effectively with only five days of formal training and no additional consultancy. This research evaluates the validity of this claim, and investigates the basis for the training model employed by the case company is, or is not, sufficient for users to successfully implement and operate SME-specific ERP systems.     

Training Requirements for Professional Certification of Manufacturers’ Representatives

Manufacturers’ representatives provide the marketing and sales function for many small firms. Although reps offer critical professional marketing services, little has been written about these entrepreneurs. Currently, the profession is experiencing major challenges and threats in the marketplace. This industry-sponsored study deals with a survey of manufacturers’ representatives on their perceived training needs in both marketing and small business. The results of the study provide input for planning and designing the curriculum for fulfilling the requirements of a new three-year, three-level certification program that includes three qualifying exams within the different levels. This research assists a major channel member in improving operations while enhancing their marketing skills.     

京津冀城市可持续发展效率动态测评及比较研究——基于超效率CCR-DEA模型和Malmquist指数的度量

本文借助超效率 CCR-DEA 模型和 Malmquist 指数，对 2008~2015 年京津冀 13 个城市的可持续发展效率进行了动态测评和对应项分解。研究结果表明：（1）北京与津冀城市的可持续发展效率极为不平衡，北京大幅领先于津冀城市并有逐年扩大的趋势；津冀城市可持续发展效率的差距有逐年缩小的趋势；（2）京津冀城市作为一个整体其可持续发展效率在提高，但各城市可持续发展效率意义上的纯技术效率几乎没有提升；（3）京津冀各城市投入--产出系统虽处于可持续发展效率意义上的规模经济阶段，但不具有持续性。未来京津冀三地应充分利用建设雄安国家新区的战略性历史机遇，统一认识，密切合作，促进京津冀城市经济、社会和资源环境的协调可持续发展。     

Achieving contextual ambidexterity in R&D organizations: a management control system approach

Research on how managers control R&D activities has tended to focus on the performance measurement systems used to exploit existing knowledge and capabilities. This focus has been at the expense of how broader forms of management control could be used to enable R&D contextual ambidexterity, the capacity to attain appropriate levels of exploitation and exploration behaviors in the same R&D organizational unit. In this paper, we develop a conceptual framework for understanding how different types of control system, guided by different R&D strategic goals, can be used to induce and balance both exploitation and exploration. We illustrate the elements of this framework and their relations using data from biotechnology firms, and then discuss how the framework provides a basis to empirically examine a number of important control relationships and phenomena.     

Critical success factors for the sustainability of Kaizen event human resource outcomes: An empirical study

Kaizen events have been widely reported to produce positive change in business results and human resource outcomes. However, sustaining or improving upon the results of a Kaizen event over time can be difficult for many organizations and has received limited empirical research attention to date. This paper identifies the factors that most strongly influence the sustainability of work area employee attitudes and commitment to Kaizen events based on a field study of 65 events in eight manufacturing organizations. The findings also present guidelines for organizations and areas for future research.     

政府投资项目跟踪审计的理论框架构建研究

跟踪审计具有监督、预防和控制功能,对政府投资项目实施跟踪审计不仅有利于提高财政资金的使用效率,而且有利于保障投资项目建设质量、预防建设领域的腐败。通过对政府投资项目跟踪审计的理论基础、审计客体、审计主体、审计的实施、风险的控制五个问题的阐述,从宏观上构建政府投资项目跟踪审计的一个理论研究框架。