氧化还原介体催化强化偶氮染料脱色研究进展

偶氮染料废水是公认的难处理废水之一,解决问题的关键是缩短厌氧生物脱色时间。大量研究表明具有氧化还原性能的不同有机分子对于厌氧(生物)脱色催化作用是明显的。氧化还原介体通过自身不断的氧化和还原来传递电子,明显加速电子传递速率,可使偶氮染料氧化/还原速率提高1到几个数量级,大幅缩短降解时间。讨论了不同微生物作用的偶氮染料脱色机理,总结了氧化还原介体对偶氮染料还原(生物)转化过程的催化效果,并指出今后的研究方向,以提高氧化还原介体(生物)催化降解偶氮染料的实际应用性。     

固定化氧化还原介体强化酸性红B生物脱色作用研究

考察了海藻酸钙固定化1,5-二氯蒽醌对偶氮染料酸性红B厌氧生物脱色的强化作用。结果表明,在不考虑各因子间交互作用的条件下,固定化1,5-二氯蒽醌强化酸性红B厌氧生物脱色的最适条件为温度35℃,pH值7.0～8.0,LB培养基。NaCl浓度对脱色过程有一定的影响;当初始染料质量浓度≤500mg/L,染料浓度不会成为1,5-二氯蒽醌强化酸性红B厌氧生物脱色的限制性因素。脱色过程中,随着脱色率的增加,体系氧化还原电位(ORP)不断下降。该研究可为介体强化偶氮染料生物脱色技术的实际应用提供理论基础。     

电化学氧化法在废水处理中的应用

电化学氧化法降解废水中有机物的研究已引起广泛的兴趣。在电极催化作用下,有机物发生氧化还原反应而降解成二氧化碳和水。介绍了电化学氧化法降解有机物的研究现状,概述了电化学氧化法的氧化机理和影响因素,讨论了影响电化学效率的因素:电极催化特性,电极结构及反应器形状,操作条件等,在此基础上总结出了电化学氧化法今后的研究重点和应注意的几个问题。     

臭氧氧化处理废水技术进展

臭氧在水中具有较高的氧化还原电位,臭氧氧化与其他水处理技术相结合产生氧化性更强的羟基自由基,能够快速、无选择性地降解有机物,是废水处理行之有效的方法。综述了废水处理中臭氧氧化技术、均相和非均相催化臭氧氧化技术、以及臭氧组合技术的特点及进展,并对其研究方向进行了展望。     

氧化还原反应的理解与巩固

氧化还原反应是高中阶段的重点和难点,位于人教版必修一第二章第三节。其主要内容有氧化还原反应的概念,特征和本质,规律;其出题的形式多种多样,难度系数也可高可低。本文在分析氧化还原反应的概念,特征和本质,规律的基础上,选取常见高考试题进行解析,帮助同学们理解和掌握氧化还原反应。     

食品加工条件对碘盐稳定性的影响

本试验对加热时间以及食用醋对碘盐的稳定性进行了研究。采用氧化还原滴定的方法测定碘盐中碘酸钾的含量。试验结果表明:加热时间过长导致碘盐分解加速;食用醋加入有利于碘盐稳定。     

温度对于有机氧化还原反应的影响研究

变色瓶子实验是一种常见的有机物氧化还原反应,通过改变其反应条件获得不同变色反应时间,从而可以获得影响反应速率大小规律。文章主要研究了温度对于变色蓝瓶子、变色红瓶子以及变色三色瓶子的反应速率影响规律。     

高速钢轧制过程中防氧化脱碳涂料的研究

研制了一种防止高速钢在轧制加热过程中氧化脱碳的防护涂料,本涂料综合利用熔膜屏蔽及氧化还原保护机理,既阻断加热气氛与金属的接触又降低涂膜附近气氛的氧势双重防护,使脱碳层深度减少80%左右。该涂料成本较低,易于推广。     

不同还原工艺对石墨烯薄膜光催化性能的影响

为了研究不同热处理温度、还原方式对薄膜光催化性能的影响,根据改进的Hummers法制备了5mg/mL氧化石墨烯分散液,采用匀胶法在玻璃片基底上制备了氧化石墨烯薄膜。通过SEM扫描电子显微镜、EDS能谱仪和拉曼光谱仪对不同热处理还原前后薄膜的微观形貌、成分、结构进行表征,并在模拟日光型光源照明下,对40mg/L亚甲基蓝溶液进行降解。结果表明:随着热处理温度的升高,薄膜表面含氧官能团去除越彻底,EDS能谱中C/O原子比越大,拉曼光谱中D峰与G峰强度比(ID/IG)越强,与空气热处理还原法相比,真空热处理更加温和,表面缺陷修复得更多。在相同温度下,真空热处理薄膜光催化降解能力比空气热处理高,可为研究石墨烯催化降解提供参考。     

还原染料筒子纱染色的色光控制

针对还原染料筒子纱染色的色光波动问题,从染料还原、染色条件、氧化条件、皂煮条件、烘干条件等几个工艺因素方面研究了还原染料筒子纱染色的色光控制方法。通过对获得的实验数据进行综合分析,掌握了影响色光的主要工艺因素,从而达到控制色纱色光稳定性、提高色纱产品质量的目的。     

Mediator Tactics and Sources of Conflict: Facilitating and Inhibiting Effects

Sometimes mismatches between tactics used by mediators and causes of the dispute may reduce the likelihood of achieving a settlement. Data from collective-bargaining disputes suggest that when party inflexibility was a source of the dispute, added mediator pressure increased the likelihood of a settlement, but discussing alternatives reduced the likelihood of a settlement. However, mediation success improved in cases where there is a high level of interparty hostility and mediators focused on negotiation processes.     

Effectiveness of Mediation Strategies in Collective Bargaining

Effectiveness of mediation strategies is analyzed in two different types of collective labor conflicts: rights conflicts and conflicts of interests. The sample consists of 106 professional labor mediators who completed a questionnaire about the strategies they used and the outcomes they achieved in their most recent mediation intervention. Results from regression analysis indicate that while the use of substantive and contextual strategies is positively related to effectiveness in both types of conflict, the use of reflexive strategies is negatively related to effectiveness, particularly in rights conflicts.     

零售商差价补偿策略对消费者光顾购买意愿的影响

差价补偿策略是零售商的一种整体价格宣传策略。该研究检验了差价补偿策略在补偿幅度和价格比较的竞争者范围两个方面的设置对消费者光顾购买意愿的影响,发现价格比较的竞争者范围对光顾购买意愿有显著主效应,差价补偿幅度对光顾购买意愿的影响受消费者价格敏感度的调节。研究还分析了差价补偿策略对消费者光顾购买意愿影响的机制,发现消费者所感知的零售商价格水平形象和价格诚信形象是价格比较的竞争者范围对消费者光顾购买意愿影响的部分中介变量。     

The involvement and influence of emotions in problematic business relationships

This paper discusses emotions as mediators in business-to-business relationships which is an understudied topic. Yet within consumer marketing, emotions have been widely studied, and calls have been made for business relationship research to take account of managers' emotions. This study addresses the gap by firstly establishing the relevance of emotions in problematic business relationships and secondly showing how emotions are a major component in determining the outcomes of the problematic relationships. Interview data in the form of narratives describing problematic relationships is analyzed and identifies both the emotions experienced by participants and their role in the future course of the business relationship.     

What Makes Mediation Work? Mediators’ Perspectives on Resolving Disputes*

This research explores federal mediators’ perspectives on successful conflict resolution in contract disputes. The results indicate that mediator skill base and a collaborative orientation on the part of the disputants are positively related to the likelihood of reaching agreement, while relationship hostility is negatively related to the likelihood of reaching agreement. Other independent variables, such as management outlook and mediator acceptability, were in‐directly related to the likelihood of reaching agreement. Consistent with most previous research, mediator tactics were unrelated to the likelihood of reaching agreement. Limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed.     

Is the theory of trust and commitment in marketing relationships incomplete?

Trust and commitment are central to the relational mediators model of relationship marketing. Extant research suggests that trust enhances commitment, as a trusted partner is so highly valued that a channel member will invest in the relationship and put forth efforts to maintain that relationship. This study re-examines the causality between trust and commitment by comparing alternative models across three datasets (including the seminal Morgan and Hunt 1994 data). The results indicate that while trust enhances commitment, commitment can also erode trust. Several viable, theoretically-driven explanations for this negative effect are discussed, and propositions are developed for future research.     

Technology transfer as technological learning: a source of competitive advantage for firms with limited R&D resources

The objective of this article is to answer why and how firms in developing countries with limited R&D resources can gain sustainable competitive advantage through technology transfer (TT). Successful firms are those that can accumulate competence through internal technological learning after transferring technologies from external technology sources. Organizational intelligence, firm specificity of technology, and causal ambiguity are identified as three mediators between technological learning performance and several antecedents previously discussed in the literature. A survey of Taiwanese manufacturers is conducted to explore the technological learning phenomenon as an integral part of TT, which is important but often neglected. This article also provides an interesting research setting for the evaluation of technological learning theories.     

A bittersweet phenomenon: The internal structure, functional mechanism, and effect of guanxi on firm performance

This paper explores the mechanism of guanxi and how it affects firm performance from a constructive perspective. It aims to contribute to the extant literature by investigating the negative side of guanxi and expounding on how guanxi functions, adversely impacting firm performance. Specifically, as guanxi grows, its negative effect leads to erosion of firm performance. Further, interorganizational trust and relationship-specific investment, as two potential mediators, can enhance and amplify the eroding effect of guanxi on firm performance.     

Opportunity recognition and SME performance: the mediating effect of business model innovation

Opportunity recognition is vital for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), but SMEs face challenges in capturing recognized opportunities. Given that opportunity recognition does not automatically lead to higher SME performance and that SMEs need to take appropriate actions to exploit recognized opportunities to achieve better performance, it is imperative to explore the mediators that enable SMEs to translate opportunity recognition into higher performance. This study proposes that business model innovation may be a key conduit through which opportunity recognition affects SME performance. Based on a dataset of 155 SMEs, we find that the positive relationship between opportunity recognition and SME performance is mediated by business model innovation. These findings not only aid SMEs in accomplishing the performance effect of opportunity recognition, but also provide some insights into the implications of business model innovation.