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1.
国际油价波动对中国经济影响的评估   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
李丽   《华东经济管理》2011,25(5):55-59
文章运用一般均衡分析方法,通过修正传统CGE模型关于完全竞争与固定规模报酬的不合理假设(此即我国能源市场中两个甚为重要却常被忽略的特性),评估国际油价上涨对我国总体经济与产业的影响。研究表明,国际油价波动对我国经济冲击幅度的评估受到生产技术与订价行为设定方式的影响。只考虑非完全竞争而忽略规模经济时,冲击幅度与传统CGE相差不大,均明显低于同时考虑规模经济与非完全竞争市场结构时的冲击幅度。与国外文献在油价上涨初期所做的预测相比,本文结果较为缓和,显示由需求拉动的油价上涨,对我国实际GDP的冲击并不如预期中的严重。  相似文献   

2.
中国人民银行自2010年6月份重启汇改,人民币再次呈现逐步升值态势,且在可预见的未来这一趋势还将持续。在当前全球经济复苏前景不明的情况下,特别需要注意人民币升值对经济产生的负面影响,以及对策。本文依据一般均衡的分析框架,从完全竞争市场假设出发,再根据中国国情逐渐放松假设条件,发现人民币升值并不必然令我国经济受损,其根源在于普遍存在的劳动力市场分割。据此提出的政策建议是,在继续推进人民币汇率形成机制改革的同时,要通过持续政策努力来打破劳动力市场分割的局面。  相似文献   

3.
文章在常用的寡头竞争模型中引入时间差带来的影响参数,从而形成了拓展的寡头竞争模型,通过计算分析,分别得到该模型下的均衡产量或均衡价格;同时,详细研究时间差带来的价格和成本变化对模型均衡结果特征及两个模型对比关系的影响,形成汇总表;最后,给出一个简单的案例进行实证研究以解释其应用意义.  相似文献   

4.
文章依据西方学者对于通货膨胀问题的研究成果,首先对国内学术界关于近期物价上涨的研究成果进行了概述,梳理了物价上涨争论的基本脉络;然后对此轮物价上涨的诸多特征进行了分析讨论;最后,对造成物价上涨的影响因素进行了实证研究,得出了总供给与总需求的诸多失衡是造成近期物价上涨的主要原因。  相似文献   

5.
文章运用博弈论方法,推导广告促销条件下厂商的均衡定价策略和广告发布策略。本文所建立的定价模型适用于保险企业、利用电视购物频道推销产品的厂商以及通过互联网发布价格和产品信息的零售商。  相似文献   

6.
In a first for South Africa, this article draws on literature on infrastructure productivity to model dynamic economy-wide employment impacts of infrastructure investment funded with different fiscal tools. Using a dynamic computable general equilibrium model, the South African investment plan is modelled, given the infrastructure externality. Alternative fiscal scenarios to finance the policy are modelled in the article. In the long run, unemployment decreases for all types of workers under one of the scenarios. In the short run, only elementary occupation workers benefit from a decrease in unemployment; for the rest, unemployment rises.  相似文献   

7.
The effects of Sino‐US and Sino‐EU safeguard agreements on US, Chinese and world cotton and textile sectors are investigated using a partial equilibrium model. The effects are compared to a free trade scenario under the provisions of the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing. The two safeguard agreements capping Chinese textile exports would decrease China's textile and apparel exports, production, and domestic consumption by an average 1.57, 0.63 and 0.32 percent, respectively. The safeguard agreements cause an increase in the US cotton textile price index and a slight decrease in US net textile imports and textile consumption. The agreements cause a decrease in the world cotton price and the quantity of cotton traded, but these trends reverse at safeguard expiration. The results generally support the view that the safeguard agreements forestall the effects of free trade in textiles and apparel rather than creating long lasting shifts in the textile trade.  相似文献   

8.
乡村旅游对农民增收、就业实证研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
唐代剑  黎彦 《改革与战略》2009,25(12):122-125
对乡村旅游促进农村经济和就业,学术界缺乏定量研究,致使人们无法准确认识乡村旅游的作用与价值。文章利用浙江省三个不同类型乡村旅游点的社会调查资料,运用回归分析法,探讨乡村旅游对农民收入增加、农村就业的比例以及乡村旅游收入与从业人数之间的关系。结果表明:在乡村旅游发展时期,可以促进农民增收12.17%,提高农村就业率13.26%,对新农村建设和城乡一体化发展有重要的现实意义。  相似文献   

9.
刁怀宏 《特区经济》2011,(4):136-137
经济类农产品由于用途广泛且互有重叠,需求的价格弹性比粮食作物更富弹性,影响其价格的因素也更复杂。本文选取玉米作为经济类农产品的代表,通过检验、协整检验、Granger因果关系检验对加入世贸以来其现货与期货价格之间的关系进行了实证分析,得出玉米现货价格和期货价格之间存在着协整关系,玉米期货价格对现货价格具有比较显著的引导作用,现货价格对期货价格的引导作用不显著的结论。  相似文献   

10.
Spending on subsidized employment programmes has taken a high flight in the Netherlands over the past decade. We consider the impact of subsidized employment for low-productive workers in a stripped-down version of the MIMIC model. In our stylized model employment subsidies in the private sector lead to a marginal increase in employment and output. Subsidized employment programmes in the public sector lead to a larger increase in overall employment, but crowding out of regular employment leads to a fall in overall output. We further show that judging programmes on the basis of individual effects can be quite misleading, as the effects on the aggregate level can be quite different. Finally, given the steep rise in expenditures it is disturbing to see how little empirical knowledge we have on the impact of actual programmes on the individual level.  相似文献   

11.
    
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12.
  总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
In the present paper we study endogenous price leadership in the context of a homogeneous product Bertrand duopoly model in which the firms have different, strictly convex cost functions. In such a framework it is well known that a simultaneous move price choice game does not have an equilibrium in pure strategies, but it has an equilibrium in mixed strategies. In the Stackelberg games with an exogenous price leader, we show that a pure strategy subgame perfect Nash equilibrium (SPNE) always exists. Although the SPNE might not be unique, the payoffs are the same across all SPNE. Finally, we analyze the issue of endogenous price leadership using the continuous version of the Robson (1990) timing game. The result is unexpected. One would expect the more efficient firm to emerge as the endogenous price leader. This is not always true. In most cases the endogenous leader is the firm with the highest \"threshold\" price. However, we also provide conditions under which the more efficient firm emerges as the leader. Our paper essentially complements Yano (2001) , which is based on the Hamilton and Slutsky (1990) framework.  相似文献   

13.
朱富强 《改革与战略》2009,25(11):20-26
在经济现象的产生和发展上,经济学界长期存在两种解释思路:一是基于异质性个体互动的基础之上的动态演化分析,这是以有机的、动态的和开放的世界观为基础的结构主义思路,它把行为主体看成是异质的;二是基于同质性个体假设基础上的静态(或比较静态)均衡分析,这是以机械的、静态的和封闭的世界观为基础的新古典主义传统,它强调行为主体的同质化。显然,现代经济学的基石就是一般均衡理论,因而静态均衡分析也就是现代经济学的基本方法;在均衡框架下,现代经济学研究理性经济人如何按照效用最大化原则实现资源最优配置。但是,这种均衡分析用于分析现实时却遇到非常严峻的问题:一者,它所依赖的假设条件是非现实;二者,无法考察人类行为和经济现象的动态演化。因此,现代主流经济学也正面临着严峻的挑战。  相似文献   

14.
以往计算投资乘数主要采用两种方法,或是建立计量模型并根据乘数的定义来计算从而得到总量的结果,或是利用改进后的投入产出分析法得到结构化的结果.本文尝试利用CGE模型的新算法计算了我国分类居民的投资乘数,得到的结果是城镇居民的投资乘数为2.83,而农村居民的投资乘数为1.35.  相似文献   

15.
    
In the present paper we introduce a general equilibrium model of the organization of production and analyze the optimality and existence of an equilibrium. We introduce the production technology of the economy as a collection of production processes and allow each potential producer to choose the production processes to operate. We model organization and transaction costs by means of an organizational technology that determines the production set of a producer as a function of the production processes that the producer chooses to operate. For a competitive economy, we show the equilibrium organization of production is optimal and then prove a general existence theorem for an atomless economy.  相似文献   

16.
本文在对马歇尔的交叉价格确定法进行分析的基础上 ,指出了其价格理论在方法和理论上所存在的不足之处 ,进而提出了N/rT -X/Y价格确定式。  相似文献   

17.
何小洲  周治娟   《华东经济管理》2011,25(5):130-132
文章借助于营销学中的产品层次模型,以大学生作为具有能动性的特殊“产品”的全新视角,对我国大学生就业难与企业招人难这一“大学生就业市场悖论”进行了研究。在勾画出当前大学生作为“特殊产品”的产品层次图后,指出了大学生的就业难的症结,并提出了可资借鉴的政策性建议。  相似文献   

18.
    
This study aims to show that the product proliferation strategy in multi‐product duopoly is first‐mover advantage. We consider simultaneous and Stackelberg variety competitions. A firm producing more varieties charges a higher price, produces larger total quantities, and earns higher total revenue. When firms sequentially choose the masses of varieties and then simultaneously decide prices, the leader produces more varieties and enjoys first‐mover advantage. The masses of varieties can be regarded as strategic substitutes in the same way that quantities are. Finally, the market is likely to provide too few varieties relative to the social optimum.  相似文献   

19.
This article is a comment on The Fallacy of Washington Consensus and the Role of the Government: Interpreting Some Chinese Contributions to Development Policy from Aspects of Chang'e 4 by Jinghai Zheng.The comparison between how equilibrium concepts are used in economics and natural sciences is extended to areas such as biology, chemistry and convex optimization in mathematics and is discussed on the basis of the state's role in economics and general equilibrium theory.  相似文献   

20.
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