7.7亿元泡沫是怎样吹大的——银广夏追踪调查

近日，中国证监会对银广夏发出了行政处罚决定书，认定其最近４年期间累计虚构销售收入１０亿多元，虚增利润７．７亿多元，并要求其对以往财务报告实行纠正。银广夏造假案再次引起人们的关注。此案２００１年８月被媒体披露后，中国证监会迅速组织力量进行调查。铁证如山，罪责难逃。银广夏造假被彻底揭穿去年８月３日，中国证监会对广夏（银川）实业股份有限公司正式立案调查。８月６日，调查组进驻银广夏，对公司整体情况进行调查，初步认定银广夏存在造假问题，“重灾区”是银广夏控股公司天津广夏公司。８月１０日，调查组直奔天津广…     

信息点击

中国证监会首席顾问梁定邦就银广夏问题发表讲话说，类似银广夏的问题以前也有过，比如红光、琼民源。具体情况尚待调查，如经调查，银广夏造假属实，就是触犯刑法的行为，应对有关责任人绳之以法。他说，此外，还应对市场的受损人作交代，这涉及民事责任人。责任人应该是公司董事、高级管理人员、财务总监以及审计师等。在国外，上市公司高管人员是要承担民事责任的。梁定邦透露，     

会计师事务所声誉、审计费用与创业板IPO盈余管理

就我国创业板上市公司首次公开发行股票中盈余管理和会计师事务所声誉以及审计费用之间的关系进行研究。通过实证研究发现:创业板市场同主板和中小板相同,IPO过程中存在着盈余管理行为。此外,高声誉会计师事务审计的上市公司IPO盈余管理程度低于低声誉组;高审计费用组盈余管理程度低于低审计费用组,但在统计上均不显著。从而得出,在创业板市场,会计事务所声誉和审计费用对上市公司盈余管理行为有一定的抑制作用,但作用不显著。     

基于银广夏事件引发的关于防止会计舞弊的思考

“银广夏陷阱”事件给我国的资本市场敲了一记警钟，会计舞弊行为因为其广泛的影响性和严重的危害性而越来越受到大众的关注。这也给会计信息的真实性、独立性、公正性提出了新的挑战。本文以银广夏会计舞弊事件为切入点分析了会计舞弊的动机和主要手段，并提出了相应防止会计舞弊的建议。     

再造社会审计公信力

近几年来，社会审计的质量不高，错弊不断，注册会计师制、造假、串通舞弊防不胜防。特别是自去年以来，证券市场事端频出：“猴王集团”、“郑百”、“黎明股份”、“科利华”、“银广夏”等，无不与注册会计师执业不慎，甚至串通作假直接相关。财政部组织的几次会计信息质量抽查也揭示出许多事务所和注册会计师存在严重问题。社会审计正逐步陷入丧失公众信任的困境。     

国有企业内部审计管理探讨

现代企业经营环境及公司治理机制的变化，催生了基于风险导向的内部审计制度。自20世纪90年代以来，琼民源、安然、银广夏等财务舞弊事件不断曝光，上市公司外部审计的重要性愈加凸显，国际审计准则和我国审计准则都相继做出修订，不同程度地强调着风险导向审计的重要性。     

监管诱致性审计师变更与审计意见的相关性研究——来自证券审计市场的经验证据

近年来我国证券审计市场接连爆发了一起起审计失败案例,例如"黎明股份"、"银广夏"、"蓝天股份"等,涉案注册会计师扮演了极其不光彩的角色。证券监管部门针对注册会计师的执业行为出台了一些政策,对于未能通过年检的会计师事务所实施暂停或撤销其证券许可证的处罚,从而引发监管诱致性审计师变更。本文以此研究监管诱致性审计师变更与审计意见的相关性。     

会计师事务所国际化对审计质量的影响

基于中国会计师事务所在美国公众公司会计监督委员会（PCAOB）注册视角,系统探究会计师事务所国际化对审计质量的影响。研究发现,中国会计师事务所国际化促使审计质量提升。进一步结合审计师能力、审计师声誉等机制检验结果说明会计师事务所国际化通过学习效应、声誉效应等渠道提高审计质量。研究表明会计师事务所国际化有助于提高审计质量,对于加强信息披露质量与完善资本市场建设具有积极作用,为会计师事务所国际化实践提供理论参考。     

银广夏弥天骗局的真象与反思

近日,中国证监会对银广夏发出了行政处罚决定书,认定其最近4年期间累计虚构销售收入10亿多元,虚增利润7.7亿多元,并要求其对以往财务报告实行纠正。银广夏造假案再次引起人们的关注。     

“在审计报告中沟通关键审计事项”与审计质量——AH股新准则后第一次公告的市场反应

2016年12月23日财政部发布了新审计准则《中国注册会计师审计准则第1504号——在审计报告中沟通关键审计事项》,准则要求注册会计师在上市公司的审计报告中增加关键审计事项段,披露根据其职业判断认为在审计工作中遇到的关键事项。文章通过事件研究法得出,市场对新审计准则的发布前后的反应表现出显著的差异,表明我国审计准则的修订是具有现实意义的,"在审计报告中沟通关键审计事项"能有效提高审计报告中的信息含量及审计质量。     

基于多维信息量化在建设项目招投标中的审计判别模型

审计的基本目标是对项目的财务报表数据的可信性提供合理保证,在后期的审计过程是寻找招标数据间的特征,以此找出合理性和存在的问题。因此,根据招投标规则提出一种基于多维信息量化的审计判别模型,通过投标中的原始数据可以数据挖掘出一些有用信息,以供后期审计作科学评判。实验结果显示该方法能寻找后期审计中数据的关联性,以确定其在招投标中的公开、公平、公正等特性,为透明的工程建设和高质量社会发展作出示范。     

高校原始凭证的审核

原始凭证的审核是高校财务的基础工作,同时对会计人员来说是一项艰巨且具有挑战性的工作。原始凭证作为会计信息的基本信息源,其真实性、合法性、合理性、完整性、正确性、及时性对会计信息的质量具有至关重要的影响。会计人员应通过＂先看后想再计算＂的步骤对原始凭证进行严格审核。     

Accounting Restatements and External Financing Choices*

There is little research on how accounting information quality affects a firm’s external financing choices. In this paper, we use the occurrence of accounting restatements as a proxy for the reduced credibility of accounting information and investigate how restatements affect a firm’s external financing choices. We find that for firms that obtain external financing after restatements, they rely more on debt financing, especially private debt financing, and less on equity financing. The increase in debt financing is more pronounced for firms with more severe information problems and less pronounced for firms with prompt CEO or CFO turnover and auditor dismissal. Our evidence indicates that accounting information quality affects capital providers’ resource allocation and that debt holders help alleviate information problems after accounting restatements.     

Do Accounting Firm Consulting Revenues Affect Audit Quality? Evidence from the Pre‐ and Post‐SOX Eras

In recent years, public accounting firms have experienced a steady increase in the proportion of their revenues generated from consulting services. Although growth in consulting revenue following the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act (SOX) has been generated primarily from services provided to nonaudit clients, regulators have expressed concerns about the potential implications of this increase for audit quality. In contrast, accounting firms assert that the expertise developed by their consulting professionals helps them to provide better quality audits. We examine the relation between the proportion of accounting firm consulting revenue to total revenue and audit quality and investor perceptions of audit quality. Because SOX drastically altered the source of consulting revenues for public accounting firms, we also separately examine these relations in the pre‐ and post‐SOX eras. We find evidence suggesting that before SOX, higher proportions of audit firm consulting revenues negatively impacted both audit quality and investor perceptions of audit quality. However, we do not find a statistically significant association between audit firm consulting revenues and either audit quality or investor perceptions of audit quality following SOX. Our analyses suggest that even if these relations exist following SOX, the potential economic magnitude of the effect is small.     

“金税三期”税收征管对上市公司审计费用的影响

税收征管作为公司外部治理手段,能够作用于公司经营环节,进而影响审计师面临的业务风险和审计风险,由此影响到公司的审计费用。但目前鲜有文献研究税收征管对公司审计费用的影响。本文借助"金税三期"工程这一"准自然实验",以2010—2019年A股上市公司为样本并使用双重差分法,研究发现"金税三期"工程提高了上市公司的审计费用。机制分析表明,"金税三期"工程推高了上市公司实际税率,降低了上市公司的盈利水平,提高了审计师的业务风险,进而提高了审计费用。同时,"金税三期"工程强化涉税信息监管,提高了上市公司会计信息质量,降低了审计师的审计风险,从而降低了审计费用。综合来看前者对审计费用的影响大于后者,导致了上市公司审计费用的提高。进一步分析发现,"金税三期"工程对审计费用的这一影响,在非国有上市公司和由非国际四大会计师事务所审计的上市公司中更为显著。     

Accounting Comparability,Audit Effort,and Audit Outcomes

Accounting comparability among peer firms in the same industry reflects the similarity and the relatedness of firms’ operating environments and financial reporting. From the perspectives of “inherent audit risk” and “external information efficiency,” comparability is helpful for auditors in assessing client audit risk and lowers the costs of information acquisition, processing, and testing. I posit that the availability of information about comparable clients helps improve audit efficiency and accuracy. Empirical results show that comparability is negatively related to audit effort (surrogated by audit fees and audit delay). Moreover, comparability is negatively associated with the likelihood of audit opinion errors. These findings are robust to different specifications of regression models, particularly for the “endogeneity” issues due to the possible reverse causality that auditor style might influence client firms’ comparability. In sum, the study shows that accounting comparability enhances the utility of accounting information for external audits.     

Does Audit Committee Accounting Expertise Help to Promote Audit Quality? Evidence from Auditor Reporting of Internal Control Weaknesses

In this study, we examine whether audit committee accounting expertise helps to promote audit quality by motivating auditors to conduct diligent internal control audits and make appropriate internal control assessments because audit committee accounting expertise safeguards auditors from dismissal following adverse internal control opinions. Among clients with existing and likely internal control material weaknesses (as proxied by future restatements of audited financial statements), we find a greater likelihood of adverse internal control audit opinions when the audit committee has greater accounting expertise (measured by the proportion of accounting experts on the audit committee). Among all clients, we find a lower likelihood of subsequent auditor dismissal following an adverse internal control audit opinion when the audit committee has greater accounting expertise. In further analyses, we find that this lower likelihood of subsequent auditor dismissal occurs when at least two audit committee members possess accounting expertise. We also find some evidence that CFO influence (but not CEO influence) over the audit committee negates the increased likelihood of adverse internal control opinions when internal control material weaknesses likely exist, as well as the decreased likelihood of auditor dismissal following adverse internal control opinions. These findings have important implications for regulators and corporate nominating committees interested in promoting audit committee effectiveness.     

Expertise Rents from Insider Trading for Financial Experts on Audit Committees

We document the existence of expertise rents by finding that financial experts on audit committees obtain higher abnormal returns from insider purchases than do non‐financial experts on audit committees. We further investigate whether information processing skills work alone or jointly with an information advantage to generate expertise rents. While financial experts on audit committees outperform financial experts on other committees, financial experts on compensation, executive, nominating, and governance committees do not outperform non‐financial experts on these committees. These findings suggest that expertise rents are domain‐specific and can be obtained only when directors have both access to private information and information processing skills. In additional testing, we find that expertise rents for financial experts on audit committees are primarily driven by non‐accounting financial experts, whose finance or supervisory experience could make them better than accounting financial experts in understanding market conditions and assessing firm risk.     

构建企业内部审计质量控制体系的对策研究

审计质量是审计工作的核心内容,全面提高审计质量,既有利于规范企业的会计行为,不断提高其财务信息质量,同时也能更好的发挥审计的监督作用,推动审计事业不断向前发展.文章分析了企业内部审计质量控制存在的问题,并提出了提高企业内部审计质量控制的对策,即从控制组织、控制人员、控制手段及控制过程等四个方面构建保障机制.     

How Does Intrinsic Motivation Improve Auditor Judgment in Complex Audit Tasks?

Intrinsic motivation is generally thought to be positively associated with performance on a variety of tasks. However, there is only sparse experimental evidence supporting this idea and we know little about the specific mechanisms behind any effect. We develop theory about how auditors’ intrinsic motivation for their jobs can improve their judgments about complex accounting estimates. We experimentally test whether a prompt to make auditors’ intrinsic motivation for their jobs salient improves the specific information processing behaviors necessary for high‐quality judgments in complex audit tasks. It does: Prompted auditors attend to a broader set of information, process information more deeply, and request more relevant additional evidence. Supplemental analyses show that these processing behaviors mediate between salient intrinsic motivation and an improved ability to identify a biased complex estimate. Our theory and analyses indicate that auditors’ intrinsic motivation for their work provides unique value for improving judgment quality, particularly in the context of performing complex audit tasks. Our study supports the view that high‐quality cognitive processing can improve auditors’ professional skepticism by providing a foundation for skeptical judgments.