团队认知特性、决策过程与决策绩效关系实证研究

团队决策作为组织决策的重要形式,一直是学术界关注的焦点.文章探讨团队决策的认知特征、决策过程和决策绩效的关系,通过时中国民营企业的调查,得到如下结论:决策信息的分布特征对决策过程中决策者间的交互作用有积极的显著影响,对决策任务绩效和决策关系绩效没有显著影响;决策团队的认知能力对决策过程中决策者间的交互作用、决策任务绩效和决策关系绩效有积极的显著影响;决策过程中决策者间的交互作用对决策任务绩效和决策关系绩效有积极的显著影响.     

领导风格和团队冲突控制的实验研究

在团队决策过程中,冲突在所难免。单纯的任务冲突能促使成员交换不同意见,更深刻地理解团队任务,有利于提高团队决策绩效;但任务冲突往往又会引发关系冲突,关系冲突一旦产生,就会对整个团队的决策绩效产生较大的负面影响。要提高团队决策绩效,关键在于有效抑制任务冲突向关系冲突的转化。鉴于团队领导能够显著影响团队的内部互动及团队结果,本研究在团队决策过程中引入了领导风格这一变量,通过行为实验模拟团队决策过程,来对比研究务实型领导风格和魅力型领导风格对任务冲突和关系冲突之间关系的影响。结果表明,务实型领导风格比魅力型领导风格更能有效抑制任务冲突向关系冲突的转化。     

高管团队断层线对企业绩效的非线性影响——基于CEO权变管理的研究视角

高管团队被认为是影响企业战略和绩效最为重要的内部因素之一，因而一直是战略理论研究重点关注的焦点。以往的高管团队－企业绩效研究多关注人口统计、团队多样性等特征的影响，但是鲜有定量研究涉及团队断层线以及CEO权力变化的影响。以我国沪深股市240家高新技术企业为样本，通过定量分析的方法探究了高管团队断层线（TMT Faultlines）与企业绩效的非线性关系以及团队管理者的权力特征对二者关系有何影响等问题。数据分析结果表明，不同类型的高管断层线与企业绩效的关系存在差异，其中任务相关断层线与企业绩效间呈现倒U型关系，而社会分类断层线与企业绩效间呈现U型关系。数据分析还表明，CEO权力会负向调节高管团队断层线与企业绩效的关系，减弱了任务相关断层线的积极效应和社会分类断层线的负面影响。该研究对于整合高管团队认知资源以及深化后续的理论研究有重要的借鉴意义。     

高管团队稳定性与上市公司违规行为关系研究

以中国上市公司为研究对象,考察了高管团队稳定性对上市公司违规行为的影响机理。研究发现：（1）高管团队稳定性对公司违规行为有显著负向影响;（2）高管团队稳定性提高信息披露,进而影响公司违规行为;（3）媒体关注度对高管团队稳定性与公司违规行为关系具有正向调节作用;（4）当违规行为已成既定事实时,高管团队稳定性不利于违规稽查。相关结论对提升我国上市公司治理规范性、推动资本市场健康发展具有重要意义。     

机床再制造业交易稳定性差的影响因素实证研究

提出了导致机床再制造业交易稳定性差的影响因素：支持影响交易、售后影响交易、特性及认可度影响交易、需求影响交易，探讨了四因素与机床再制造产业交易稳定性差的关系，以227个企业为调查对象，对收集的数据进行分析。研究结果表明：各假设因素得分从高到低依次是特性及认可度因素、需求因素、支持因素和售后因素。不同性质的企业在再制造机床交易稳定性影响因素的支持、售后、需求以及总问卷上都存在显著差异。     

高校学术创新团队绩效影响因素研究

本文对高校学术创新团队绩效的内涵进行了界定,指出学术创新团队绩效可以从任务绩效和团队成员满意度两个方面加以衡量。在回顾一般团队绩效理论和学术创新团队绩效理论的基础上,深入系统地剖析了学术创新团队绩效的影响因素,将其归纳为个人因素、团队管理因素、环境因素以及过程因素四个方面。结合我国学术创新团队的特性,提出了学术创新团队绩效模型。     

基于空间视角下的高管团队稳定性与企业技术创新

基于企业技术创新存在空间效应,使用传统的多元线性回归模型进行实证研究可能会存在有偏估计,本文以我国2004-2016 年沪深两市A 股上市公司为研究样本,通过构建绝对地理距离和相对时间距离的空间权重矩阵,运用空间计量分析技术,实证考察了高管团队稳定性与空间关联对企业技术创新绩效的影响。研究发现,一方面,高管团队稳定性越强的企业在技术创新绩效方面越好。另一方面,高管团队稳定性与技术创新绩效存在区域内的空间溢出效应,同一地区的高管团队稳定性对本地区的技术创新绩效有显著的提升作用,本地区的高管团队稳定性受到相邻地区高管团队稳定性的影响,而高铁的开通使得该空间效应更为显著,即使绝对距离较远的地区也能对本地区高管团队稳定性产生空间作用。本文的研究结果对全面认识高管团队稳定性的重要性,促进地方企业技术创新具有重要的政策含义。     

起始时间对亚热带森林凋落物分解速率的影响

运用分解袋法研究了不同布置时间的凋落物在亚热带森林分解的初期过程,探讨了不同布置时间的凋落物经过相同时间分解的差异及环境因子对其分解速率特别是分解速率常数k的影响。结果表明：在凋落物分解较快的鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林,不同时间布置的凋落物经过12个月的分解,其残留率及k均存在较大的差异。不同布置时间的凋落物的分解率在前期(0-6个月)与其相应阶段的环境因子呈显著相关关系,但与后期的环境因子相关性并不显著。不同布置时间的k值的变化范围为0.78-1.30,起始于雨季的k值较大,起始于旱季的较小(p＜0.001),其大小与分解前期的环境因子相关性较高,与整个分解过程中的环境因子相关性较低。因此,凋落物的凋落时间可能影响其分解速率,由于布置时间不同而导致k值估算的不准确将对森林生态系统的养分循环及其碳平衡的评估产生很大影响。     

ISO认证与企业创新：地理位置与组织形式的调节效应

尽管已有研究在不同情境下广泛地检验了ISO认证所引致的绩效结果,但还未充分地关注中国企业ISO认证的相关议题。利用世界银行对中国企业的调查数据,实证检验ISO认证对企业创新的影响,以及地理位置和组织形式的调节效应。结果表明,ISO认证对产品创新与过程创新均产生显著的正向影响;相较于中西部地区的企业,东部地区企业的ISO认证对产品和过程创新的正向影响更加显著;相较于合伙制与公司制的企业,独资企业的ISO认证对产品和过程创新的正向影响更加显著。     

团队创新影响因素研究述评

团队创新影响因素既是前沿理论问题,又是重要的现实问题.本文在梳理大量相关文献的基础上,从组织和团队过程两个视角对团队创新影响因素进行了系统考察,对团队创新影响因素的未来研究进行了展望,并指出从团队过程视角开展研究是推动团队创新理论发展的关键.     

On the Major Transformation of the Asia-Pacific Regional Structure北大核心CSSCISSCI

Recent years have witnessedsignificant changes in the Asia-Pacific regionalstructure featuring the shift in power balance among related countries as well as adjust-ments in their respective regional strategies. So what is the prevailing trend in thistransformation and what kind of regional order will likely emerge in the future？ To an-swer these questions, the paper tries to explore the following dimensions： the evolvingregional context, shift in power balance and power conversion, geo-political and geo-e-conomic developments and interactions between them, and evolving regional order. Asthe study shows, the broadening of regional geographical scope, the rise in the numberof actors involved, as well as changesin the relations among them, have combined tocast a pluralistic and complex flavor to the regional structure. While the power balanceamong China, the United States and Japan shifts, and power conversion is also occur-ring. China and Japan are paying increasing attention to their security roles, whereasthe United States under the Obama administration laid more stress on expanding itsgeo-economic clout. In spite of the intensifying geopolitical competition among China,the United States and Japan in recent years, a Sino-US strategic compromise-whichholds the key to regional geopolitics-isother front, some kind of geo-economicmore likely to take place in the future. On thecooperation will probably emerge. In the longerterm, it will be the geo-economic trend thatwill prevail over the geopolitical trend inthe region. Finally, the future evolution of regional order wiI1 mainly follow the eco-nomic logic, accompanied by the dilutionof its hegemonic and hierarchical nature.Hence, a pluralistic and complex regional community will emerge.     

The German Hanse and Bergen – new perspectives on an old subject

Abstract

The Hanseatic League and her kontors (trading posts) were an integral part of the medieval trade system in Northern Europe. Hanse merchants dominated many markets in this region and managed to maintain a monopoly-like role in towns like Novgorod and Bergen for many centuries. Consequently, one focus of historical research about the Hanseatic League lay on the mechanisms that enabled the Hanse merchants to keep that strong of a position for such a long time.

This article is part of the discussion about this topic. Based on Lübeck merchants with business interest in the Norwegian town of Bergen, the so-called Bergenfahrers (Bergen travellers), it will give new insights into the Hansards' economical and social organization. The three main points are (a) the integration of the Bergen market in the Hanseatic trade network as an intermediary trading place on the vivid East–West route of Hanse trade; (b) the importance of the Bergenfahrers within the Hanse merchants' economical, social and political networks; and (c) the structure of the Bergenfahrers network patterns in the late Middle Ages.

In addition to new insights into the important role of Bergen and the Bergenfahrers within Lübeck's and the other Wendish Hanse towns' trading system, this articles provides further proof for the usefulness of the methods of Social Network Analysis in medieval economic research.     

Organization and incentives in the age of sail

The British Navy in the age of sail was the most successful bureaucracy of its time. Its organization and incentive structures differed importantly from contemporaneous private sailing ventures, but closely resembled those of today’s large corporations. To induce efficient effort, the navy used a hierarchical tournament, in which sailors competed for higher pay that came with promotions based on relative performance. Promotion probabilities, the option value of future promotions, and the higher effort required of men in higher ranks and on larger vessels, combined to yield a highly skewed pay structure.     

Financial Reporting and Trade Credit: Evidence from Mandatory IFRS Adoption*

We investigate the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on trade credit. We document that firms in countries that adopt IFRS receive more trade credit from their suppliers, consistent with improved financial reporting quality and comparability playing a role in facilitating informal financing. This increase is larger for countries with a low level of societal trust, a poor pre‐IFRS‐adoption information environment, and stronger legal enforcement. These cross‐sectional results suggest that the conditions under which higher‐quality information is made publicly available affect suppliers' decisions to provide trade credit. This increase is also larger for firms with greater exposure to foreign markets, a finding that highlights the importance of more comparable international financial reporting standards in facilitating cross‐country trade credit. We also find that IFRS adoption has a stronger positive effect on trade credit for firms with greater liquidity needs. Finally, we find that firms in countries that adopt IFRS also extend more trade credit to their customers. Overall, our results support the notion that financial reporting can have a causal effect on trade credit.     

区域工业产业竞争力指标体系的构建及其评价方法研究

文章通过建立省级区域工业产业竞争力评价指标体系,设计竞争力模型,利用SPSS统计软件,对各省工业产业竞争力进行了评价测定。     

中俄经济技术合作面临新机遇

中俄在十年内把各自的GDP翻一番的目标,为发展中俄经济技术合作提供了机遇.仅仅依靠商品贸易的增长很难大幅度提升中俄经贸关系,需要全面开展经济技术合作,特别是加强在自然资源开发、跨国投资、军工技术和产品贸易领域的合作.     

INFRASTRUCTURE POLICY IN INDONESIA, 1965–2015: A SURVEY

This survey, first, provides an overview of the main developments in the infrastructure sector in Indonesia during the past five decades and, second, considers what the main policy and management bottlenecks in infrastructure appear to be. The overview of main developments indicates that, in broad terms, most parts of the sector have expanded considerably but that the needs remain acute for further expansion and for attention to the maintenance of existing facilities. Demand for infrastructure is high, especially since the regulated prices set for infrastructure services are often low. Access is often difficult, however, because of shortages of infrastructure, and quality is often unsatisfactory because of poor maintenance and indifferent management. These problems of access are exacerbated by the regulation of prices. This overview also points to the markedly different performances of industries in which pro-competitive policies have been applied and those in which more traditional policies of close regulation have restricted the operation of markets.