China in Asia

China's surge to become the world's second largest economy and largest trading nation contributes greatly to Asia becoming the world's largest economic system. China is the nexus of intra-Asian trade and direct investment flows. China's rapid growth in the recent decade relied on a state-directed investment model, akin to the state-run Big Push growth model. As in most big push experiences, intermediate term success leads to economic stresses. China's leaders can no longer ignore obvious signs of rising malinvestment, corporate debts, environmental degradation, and social disparity, all amid an aging population and tightening resource constraints. China's economic slowdown also forces economic adjustment upon its neighbors, rendered more difficult by China's policy ambiguity and volatility. Sill, China can be a positive long term influence in Asia, especially as it carries its market reforms to completion.     

Inflation and economic growth: A dynamic panel threshold analysis for Asian economies

This paper investigates the existence of a threshold level for inflation and how any such level affects the growth of Asian economies. We use a dynamic panel threshold growth regression, which allows for fixed effects and endogeneity. We observe a nonlinear relationship between inflation and economic growth for 32 Asian countries over the period 1980–2009. We detect an inflation threshold of approximately 5.43%, at a 1% level of significance. We find that inflation hurts growth when it exceeds 5.43% but has no effect below this level. Different estimation methods determine that the effect of inflation on growth is robust. Our findings may be useful to central banks as a guide for inflation targeting.     

国外经济援助的有效性:基于代际利他视角的研究

消费者是否具有代际利他动机,直接影响消费者的消费和储蓄决策。在本文中,作者利用一个具有代际利他动机的交叠世代模型研究国外经济援助的有效性。作者发现,国外经济援助对于受援国资本积累的影响是非线性的,具有一定的临界值效果。这一发现从一个不同的侧面支持了当代跨国经济增长研究中的"临界值效果"观点,有助于解释关于国外经济援助有效性的经验研究文献中广泛存在的争议;同时,也为进一步的计量研究指出了一个新的模型设定方向。     

国际援助再分类及其对受援国经济增长的异质性影响

国际援助对受援国的经济影响在学界并没有一致的答案，文章从不同类型国际援助的影响具有异质性的角度再次探讨这一问题。文章的主要工作有两点：一是对援助类型的重新分类；二是根据新分类的援助，实证分析不同类型援助的异质性影响。首先，基于中观经济学对生成性资源的分类方式，文章提出资源配对援助法，将国际援助分为了商业性援助、开发性援助和公益性援助三类，并与经合组织债权人申报系统相衔接，建立了分类后的国际援助数据集。然后，在实证分析部分，分别研究了援助总规模和不同类型国际援助对受援国经济发展的影响。结果发现，援助总规模对受援国的经济正向影响显著。同时，开发性援助和公益性援助存在门槛效应和滞后性，两者都有显著的正向影响，而且开发性援助对受援国经济发展促进作用要强于公益性援助。     

自然资源是“祝福”还是“诅咒”?——基于资源丰裕度与收入水平关系的分析

传统文献基于资源丰裕和经济增长率的负相关关系得出"资源诅咒"结论。文章质疑这一假说,通过构建一个包含可耗竭资源的两部门模型,发现负向的资源收入增长效应与正向的收入水平效应是可以同时存在的,资源是"诅咒"或是"祝福"只能通过研究资源丰裕和收入水平之间的关系来确定。利用我国建制城市数据和面板门槛回归模型,发现资源型城市具有正向的收入水平效应,表明资源是"祝福"而非"诅咒"。     

Non-productive consumption loans and threshold effects in the inflation-growth relationship

Recent empirical evidence indicates that two inflation thresholdsexist in the inflation-growth relationship. Pre-existing theoreticalmodels, however, fail to generate such a pattern. By addingconsumption loans (which are non-productive) into a standardmodel of imperfect information, this paper finds that an increasein the inflation rate may increase, decrease, or have no significanteffect on economic growth for inflation rates below a thresholdlevel; however, for inflation rates higher than this thresholdlevel, an increase in the inflation rate significantly reduceseconomic growth. Moreover, the marginal impact of an increasein the inflation rate in terms of reducing economic growth increaseswith the rise in the inflation rate, until the inflation ratesreach the second threshold level, from which such a marginaleffect significantly decreases. These results accord well withrecent empirical evidence.     

Foreign Aid,Governance and Economic Growth in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Does One Cap Fit All?

Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) has been receiving foreign aid for many decades; nonetheless, it ranked among the poorest regions in the world. This study revisits the aid effectiveness debate quantitatively by investigating the relationship among foreign aid, governance and economic growth in SSA using more recent data from 1996 to 2012 and testing for heterogeneity in aid recipient countries. Fundamental questions raised in this study are: does aid work the same way in all regions and group of countries in SSA? Do governance and size of aid matter? Employing the system generalized methods of moments (system GMM) technique, results show that foreign aid has an insignificant negative relationship with economic growth in aggregate SSA. However, one cap does not fit all in SSA as heterogeneity across aid recipients has implications for aid effectiveness. Moreover, governance and size of aid complement each other to improve growth in SSA. This study has been able to show quantitatively that a general policy for countries in SSA is not good enough for aid effectiveness; donors should increase the size of aid, and governance in recipient countries must improve. In conclusion, heterogeneity, governance and size of aid matter for aid effectiveness in SSA.     

The effects of foreign aid,foreign direct investment and domestic investment on economic growth in African countries: Nonlinearities and complementarities

This paper examines the relationship between foreign aid (AID), foreign direct investment (FDI) and domestic investment (DI) and its effects on economic growth in 41 African countries. Annual panel data from 1990 to 2016 are examined using fixed‐effects (FE) and system‐GMM estimators. We test the existence of nonlinearities and complementarities in the relationship between AID–FDI, AID–DI, FDI–DI, and AID–FDI–DI. Empirical results confirm the existence of a nonlinear relationship between AID, FDI, DI, and economic growth. Besides, the results show that AID and FDI have a significant positive complementing effect on economic growth. It is shown also that FDI complements DI, while the coupled effect of AID and DI remains weak in catalyzing growth. Moreover, the results indicate that the complementarity between AID–FDI–DI positively influence economic growth, revealing that AID and FDI work as a complement factor to DI and enhance its effectiveness in promoting economic growth. These insights have important policy implications. Policy‐makers in African countries are well advised to implement concrete policy measures suitable for building on the growth momentum created by foreign capital inflows, like FDI, AID as well as remittance.     

Trade,Social Values,and the Generalized Trust

The present paper investigates, empirically, whether global economic integration can lead to national social disintegration, as proclaimed by Rodrik. One can perhaps conjecture that a drop in the generalized trust in a country may signal a rise in social disintegration. Using the survey data on the generalized trust provided by the World Values Surveys, the present paper finds that, in general, there is a positive openness-trust relationship. However, when globalization undermines domestic income distribution, it will weaken this openness-trust relationship. There is also evidence of a threshold inequality above which the openness-trust relationship turns negative.     

A Survey of the Theoretical Economic Literature on Foreign Aid

This paper surveys the theoretical economic literature on foreign aid—in particular, the aid donor–recipient relationship. Economic theory, especially new institutional economics, can be very helpful in understanding foreign aid relationships—especially the incentive problems involved—and in designing institutions to improve aid effectiveness. In particular, it helps in understanding the chain of principal–agent relations inherent in the aid delivery system and the resulting potential for agency problems. The survey shows that economic theory can improve the design of cooperation modalities by aligning the incentives of donors and recipients for poverty reduction, but that, in order to address the problems, policy analysis must take into account the constraints faced by stakeholders in the aid relationship. The aid 'contract' should thus seek to improve the agents' incentives to use aid effectively, given the circumstances of the developing country.     

分税制改革与我国财政分权经济增长效应的跨区差异

在Bazm（1990）、Davoodi和Zou（1998）模型的基础上,文章构造了一个财政分权与经济增长关系的模型,并利用相关省级面板数据,实证研究了分税制改革对我国经济增长跨区差异的影响。结果发现,1994年分税制改革后,我国财政分权的经济增长效应呈现出显著的跨区差异,并且财政分权总体上扩大了地区差距。笔者认为,分税制改革后不同地区产业结构与所有制结构的差异所导致的地方政府行为的差异是造成我国财政分权经济增长效应跨区差异与地区差距扩大的重要原因。     

智力水平约束下科技创新对经济增长的影响——基于省级面板数据的门槛模型实证分析

以智力水平作为门槛变量及核心变量,通过门槛模型实证研究科技创新对经济增长的非线性关系。研究结果表明：科技创新、智力水平均对经济增长有显著的促进作用;科技创新投入（R&D）随智力水平提高对经济增长的促进作用不断增强;科技创新产出（TIM）在智力水平超过23.656 1对经济增长产生显著的促进作用;科技创新产出（PCP）对经济增长的促进作用随智力水平提高先增强后减弱;当智力水平超过23.656 1时,R&D、TIM和PCP均对经济增长产生显著的正向促进作用。因此,实现智力与创新的协调发展才能有效地促进经济增长。     

地方税收收入与区域经济发展的实证分析

随着近几年税收收入超经济的增长，关于我国税收与经济增长的关系日益引起人们的关注。本文在实证分析的基础上，得出地方税收收入与区域经济增长存在正相关关系，且从区域角度看，其效应从东部到西部依次减弱。在探讨原由的基础上，文章提出了走适度分权和效益型地税道路等建议。     

The relationship between an electricity supply ceiling and economic growth: An application of disequilibrium modeling to Taiwan

Using a disequilibrium model, we investigate the relationship between the supply constraint of electricity generation capacity and electricity demand in Taiwan. We find that electricity consumption faced supply constraints in Taiwan between 1959 and 1972, but that generation capacity grew rapidly after 1973, such that economic growth came to be the major determinant of electricity consumption. Our experience in fitting this disequilibrium model suggests that simple causality tests are not a proper means to understand the relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth. Our results also suggest, at least for developing countries, that an electricity supply constraint sometimes plays an important role when investigating the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth.     

能源消费与环境污染对经济增长的影响分析——基于空间面板模型的实证研究

文章运用空间误差模型,考察了2000-2012年中国大陆各个省际区域能源消费、环境污染与经济增长的关系。研究表明:中国区域能源消费、环境污染与经济增长存在明显的空间自相关性,不同省份间的经济增长率空间集聚分布规律明显;考察期内的能源消费、环境污染对经济增长呈现正相关性;四种空间关系均会对经济增长及其空间相关性产生影响,其中几何中心距离关系影响最为明显;模型均显示出区域间的正向相关,而以空间固定时间不固定效应相关性最高。据此提出要结合区域间的能源禀赋、环境约束等实行差异化的政策,以保证能源、环境与经济的正向互动与协调发展。     

Testing policy effectiveness during COVID-19: An NK-DSGE analysis

We examine the effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policy in mitigating the impact of COVID-19 in India using the NK-DSGE framework. In terms of policy effectiveness, our findings imply that expansionary monetary policy is effective in reviving economic growth both from the demand side and supply side. In contrast, expansionary fiscal policy is effective only from the supply side. Our findings recommend the implementation of optimal policy mix in a coordinated and staggered framework for effective mitigation of ill-effects of the COVID-19, such as reviving employment and capacity utilization to its pre-pandemic level with minimal inflationary effects.     

县域金融中介发展与县域经济增长的共振分析——基于河北省县域经济与金融现状的分析

金融发展与经济增长既相互促进又相互制约,经济水平落后,扼制金融资本的形成;金融积累的低水平又限制了经济的增长。金融发展水平的落后、低效是经济增长的最大障碍,打破这个链条的突破口应选择在金融的发展上。河北省各县域经济发展极度不平衡,这与各地金融发展的差异有关,因此如何通过金融规模、结构和效率的提高,实现资本在县域的最优化配置和经济的增长是本课题阶段性研究的重点内容。     

金融发展、融资约束与企业成长

本文研究了我国各地区金融发展对上市公司融资约束进而对公司成长的影响,研究结果表明:金融发展水平的提高能减轻企业的融资约束;对于那些依赖外部融资来成长的企业而言,金融发展水平的提高能促进企业的成长性;金融发展水平的提高能促进企业的规模扩张。这一研究结果不仅丰富了我国金融发展与经济增长之间关系的经验研究,而且有助于我们对我国金融发展促进经济增长的微观机理有更加深入的了解。     

The long‐run relationship between ODA,growth and governance: An application of FMOLS and DOLS approaches

Despite having received a significant amount of foreign aid for several decades, Africa is among the poorest regions in the world. This study examines the relationship between foreign aid, economic growth and governance in the African region during the period 1996–2014 by fully applying both DOLS and FMOLS techniques. In the first stage of this study, we examine the foreign aid effect on economic growth. In the second stage, we assess the intermediary role of institutions in the relationship between foreign aid and economic growth in the African countries. It was found that foreign aid has a negative effect on economic growth in African countries in both FMOLS and DOLS models. However, empirical results indicate that foreign aid improves economic growth in the presence of good institutional quality only in the DOLS model.     

Aid,Policies, and Growth in Developing Countries: A New Look at the Empirics

The relationship between foreign aid and economic growth has been the subject of much controversy. A recent theme suggesting that aid promotes growth, but only in a good policy environment has ratcheted up that debate. In this paper, we assess the importance of policy and aid in generating growth when the aid, policy, and growth relationship is nonlinear. This allows us to examine the varying effects of aid and policy in different data segments, which we do without imposing any particular structure on the underlying relationship. We find that policy is an important determinant of growth. We also find partial corroboration of the view that aid is growth enhancing in a good policy environment, and some evidence of diminishing returns to aid. These findings suggest that nonlinearities if not appropriately addressed fail to capture the detailed underlying dynamics and thereby mask some key features of the aid-policy-growth relationship.