金融发展与二元经济结构转换的因果关系——基于多变量VAR模型的分析

文章用中国各省的相关数据,实证分析了金融发展对二元经济结构转换的影响。结果显示,金融发展不论在长期还是短期都是促进二元经济结构转换的原因,逆向因果关系不明显。表明金融发展促进二元经济结构转换。     

中国沿海地区海洋经济可持续发展能力评价研究

文章建立了海洋经济可持续发展能力灰色综合评价模型,选取了11个海洋经济可持续发展能力评价指标,运用所建立的评价模型对中国11个沿海省（区、市）的海洋经济可持续发展能力进行了综合评价及比较分析,评价结果基本上能反映中国沿海地区当前海洋经济可持续发展状况。     

Changes in the development status of women in South Africa from 1996 to 2001: for the better or for the worse?

The adoption of the 1996 Constitution mainstreamed women's issues in South Africa, but, despite the commendable progress in this sphere over the past ten years, success is only discernible if it translates into the betterment of women's lives. This paper aims to ascertain whether the development status of women improved or worsened between 1996 and 2001 by employing a gender-adjusted human development index (HDI). To offset the limitations of an aggregate measure, while compensating for the potentially distorting effects of HIV/AIDS on an aggregate human development indicator, a framework of supporting measures of well-being is also analysed to augment and validate the findings of the gender-specific HDI. The study finds that between 1996 and 2001 the development status of women in South Africa regressed, in both absolute and (especially) relative terms.     

基于制造业产业联动的区域产业高质量发展研究

以中原经济区涉及到的5省28个细分制造业为研究对象,采用产业结构相似系数、区位熵、产业竞合指数以及产业联动程度模型等多种定量分析工具和方法测度,对5省28个细分制造业的产业联动程度进行分析。研究表明：在5省内部,不同区域及产业发展水平的整体差异先扩大后缩小,而产业发展水平的相对差异则持续缩小;产业同构现象在5省之间较为突出,从整体上看,中原经济区内产业联动多集中在低附加值产业,新兴产业领域互动较少。     

河南省生态环境、经济发展与科技创新三系统耦合协调发展研究

为研究河南省生态环境、经济发展与科技创新三个系统之间的协调发展状况和影响因素,选取三个系统的多维度指标数据,利用熵值法和耦合协调度模型,实证分析了河南省2004—2020年三个系统综合发展水平和协调发展状况,然后将河南省与另30个省份2020年三个系统综合发展水平和协调发展状况进行比较分析。研究发现,生态环境保护落后普遍存在于中国各省份,相较于其他各省份,河南省生态环境综合发展水平非常落后;河南省2004—2020年三个系统耦合协调度上升主要受到经济发展和科技创新这两个系统之间协调发展的带动。最后提出相关建议。     

When Will the Gender Gap in Retirement Income Narrow?

Among recent retirees, women receive substantially less retirement income from Social Security and private pensions than men. Increases in women's labor market attachment and earnings relative to men over the past 50 years provide some optimism for an improvement in female retirement income, particularly for married women. This study shows that women's income from Social Security and private pensions has improved only slightly relative to men over the past 25 years. Using data on people approaching retirement age over the next 20 years, prospects for future improvement are investigated. One of the main conclusions is that pension income among women (particularly married women) will rise sharply relative to men's over the next few decades, but a substantial gap could remain even if women close the gap in experience and salaries.     

Trends in relative earnings gains by black women: Implications for the future

The current article argues that the labor pattern of black women may be properly viewed within a trisectoral segmentation of the labor market. A three-phase characterization of their relative earnings behavior over the postwar period is implied. Empirical evidence lends support to the basic hypothesis of an acceleration in black female earnings growth, relative to white males and females, during the intermediate post-1964 period, but a decline thereafter. The quadratic trend model and its logistic transformation were found to fit the earnings patterns rather well. Projections based upon these models suggest that present trends do not bode well for major gains in black female median earnings relative to those of white men and women in the near future.     

Sex,Race, and Job Satisfaction Among Highly Educated Workers

There has been a considerable amount of work focusing on job satisfaction and sex, generally finding that women are more satisfied than men despite having objectively worse job conditions. But there is little evidence on whether job satisfaction differs by race or ethnicity. We use data from the 2010 National Survey of College Graduates to examine the relation between job satisfaction and race and ethnicity among Asian, black, Hispanic/Latino, and white workers. Overall job satisfaction does not differ by sex among college graduates. Relative to white workers of the same sex, Asian and black workers are far less satisfied. The lower satisfaction of Asian and black workers relative to white workers is not explained by immigrant status, job match, or other individual or job characteristics.     

The price of poverty: The association between childhood poverty and adult income and education in Sweden, 1947–2015

Childhood poverty increases the likelihood of being poor as an adult. We know relatively little about this persistence of poverty in the past and whether it changed as modern welfare societies developed. This study both analyses determinants of childhood poverty and assesses the association between childhood poverty and economic outcomes in adulthood for men and women who grew up in southern Sweden, and who were followed to adulthood regardless of where in Sweden they resided. Poverty is measured in relative terms. Being raised by a single mother, foreign origin, and being raised in a context where the household head was not employed were important risk factors for childhood poverty. Growing up in relative poverty was in turn associated with low income and education in adulthood. Both the persistence and intensity of childhood poverty mattered, and so did the age during which poverty was experienced. Patterns were similar for men and women, and there was no consistent change over time as the Swedish welfare state expanded.     

黄河流域绿色经济发展水平综合评价及影响因素分析

基于绿色经济的内涵,构建黄河流域绿色经济发展水平评价指标体系,采用熵值法对2011—2020年黄河流域绿色经济发展水平进行测度,并利用Tobit模型进行回归分析。结果表明：黄河流域绿色经济发展水平整体呈逐年递增趋势,下游地区绿色经济指数始终高于上中游地区,流域9省之间的绿色经济指数存在地域差异;经济发展水平、产业结构、科研投入等促进了黄河流域绿色经济发展水平,能源消耗对黄河流域绿色经济发展水平有抑制作用。     

The Impact of Health on Labour Force Participation in South Africa

This paper estimates the effect of self‐assessed health (SAH) on labour force participation (LFP) in South Africa. This is motivated by a high disease burden and declining LFP in South Africa during the study period. Data is sourced from the four waves of the National Income Dynamics Study. The results indicate a positive and significant effect of self‐reporting excellent, very good or good health on LFP (relative to fair or poor health). The effect is more pronounced for men relative to women. The result indicates that health policy can be a tool for significantly improving LFP in South Africa.     

Migration,Education and Rural Development: Evidence from China 2000 Population Census Data

There has been a concern that the growth of towns has been stalled recently and with it, the creation of non-farm jobs in rural industries. This study uses 2000 census tabulations to look at this issue by examining in-migration in towns in three provinces in China, Zhejiang, Henan, and Sichuan. In addition to the diversified patterns of town in-migrants revealed in these provinces, this paper finds that town in-migrants generally possess higher levels of educational attainment than those of the local population in towns, especially in the less-developed western and central provinces of Sichuan and Henan. There is also evidence that as towns themselves grow wealthier, such as in Zhejiang, better educated people in rural areas were likely to shift their jobs from the farm to non-farm sector in towns nearby, instead of leaving the countryside to migrate to other provinces. Labor markets in towns in less-developed western and central provinces were more flexible in accommodating in-migrants, whereas in the coastal province of Zhejiang, labor markets tend to become segregated between migrants and the local population.     

Gender differences in formal credit approaches: rural households in Vietnam

In Vietnam, women have poorer access to formal credit than men. This article determines the extent to which borrowing constraints restrict women’s access to formal credit and identifies the socioeconomic characteristics that determine formal credit discrimination. The study used secondary data from the Vietnam Access to Resources Household Survey (VARHS) published in 2013–14, and analysis was undertaken by econometric approaches such as logistic and multiple linear regression models and propensity score matching methods. The results show that among those participants who successfully obtained credit, approximately 85 per cent of women obtained less credit than men; and the amount of credit that women obtained was also less (on average, approximately 1.8 per cent less). Gender, number of years of schooling, marital status, participation in agricultural activities, off‐farm employment, and ownership of agricultural land for a male‐headed household positively influenced discrimination in obtaining credit and the amount of credit obtained. Moreover, the propensity score matching results found that the average increase in the credit obtained by males was 220,000 Vietnamese Dong (VND) and this is mainly due to discrimination in favour of men. The results suggest that policy action is needed to avoid discrimination in credit disbursement on the basis of gender.     

中国区域经济发展效率评价——基于DEA和Malmquist指数

文章首先运用DEA方法对2012年中国内地30个省份的经济发展效率进行静态评价,其次运用Malmquist全要素生产力指数动态分析了中国内地30个省份2008-2012年的经济发展效率,由此得出了基于动态时间序列的中国经济发展效率变动情况。研究结果表明:基于静态时间考虑,全国大部分省份存在投入资源配置不合理的状况,由此导致经济发展效率不高。另外,由技术效率、规模效率与综合效率关系的拟合优度分析,发现影响我国经济发展效率的主要因素是技术效率;基于动态时间考虑,2008-2012年这5年间,中国区域经济发展的技术效率增长速度较快,因此,应该加强增强技术创新的重视,提升经济发展效率。     

The Equal Employment Opportunity Law and labor force behavior of women in Japan

This study uses repeated cross-sectional data to investigate the impact of the Equal Employment Opportunity Law (EEOL) for men and women enacted in 1986 on labor force behavior of women. I find that regular employment among women, examined separately by education and marital status, did not increase after the enactment of the EEOL. Cohorts of women who graduated from university after the EEOL married later or were less likely to marry than previous cohorts.     

Poverty identification: practice and policy implications in Vietnam

To identify poor households, the government of Vietnam applies a combination of proxy means tests and quick collection of income data. This paper examines how well the government's poverty identification reaches the really poor in Vietnam. It is found that there is a large difference between the poverty rate for provinces and districts reported by the government and the rates estimated using expenditure and income data from independent household surveys. There is also a large difference between the poverty status of households identified by local authorities and the poverty status identified by income or expenditure data. More than 50 per cent of the poor households identified by local authorities are not poor in terms of income or expenditure measures. A better identification approach would be to use only proxy means tests and not income data collected using the simple questionnaire.     

Dynamics of Income Distribution across Chinese Provinces during 1978–98

This study attempts to examine the growth pattern of China's economy during 1978–98 from the perspective of income distribution dynamics. Motivated by the model of dynamic distribution, a transition matrix is derived from a panel of ratios of provincial real incomes to national averages across 30 provinces over 1978–98. The transition matrix is used not only to reveal the transitions of provinces between the states of income over time, but also to predict whether there is a tendency across provinces to converge in real income per worker in the long run. This study finds evidence of a slight reduction of income dispersion across Chinese provinces over 1978–98. However, the slight reduction of income dispersion is not strong enough for the provinces to converge to mean income. But there is a strong tendency to converge across provinces within regions and it is evident that, in the eastern region, poor provinces caught up with rich ones over the period under study. The long-run distribution indicates that there will not be a tendency to converge in real GDP per capita across provinces in the long run.     

我国装配式建筑区域发展水平评价——以西南地区为例

中国建筑业传统施工面临高污染、高成本和低效率等问题,而装配式技术可以缓解传统施工面临的困境。中国国土面积庞大,各省份之间装配式发展存在较大差异,通过对装配式发展相关政策分析,构建出5个维度的评价指标体系。运用DEMATEL法、AHP法和TOPSIS评价方法对我国西南地区5个省份的装配式建筑发展水平进行评价和分析。研究发现,西南地区装配式建筑发展差异性显著,其中四川省装配式建筑发展最好,而云南省落后于其他省份,相对薄弱。