利率市场化与中国货币政策调控方式转变

文章探讨了我国利率市场化改革推进过程对于货币政策调控方式由数量型向价格型转变的影响。基于一般均衡模型的理论分析发现,利率市场化水平越高,货币需求的波动性越大,利率传导渠道的障碍越少,从而货币当局选择价格型调控方式的条件也就越成熟。采用季度宏观经济数据,构建四变量SVAR模型,通过脉冲响应分析和方差分解考察在利率市场化改革不断推进的过程中,数量型和价格型货币政策调控方式对于实现货币政策最终目标的相对作用。实证结果表明:数量型调控方式在我国货币政策调控体系中仍然处于主导地位;价格型调控相对数量型调控具有时滞短与力度温和等优点;随着我国利率市场化水平不断提高,价格型调控方式的优势将表现得更加突出。     

利率市场化与中国货币政策调控方式转变北大核心CSSCISSCI

文章探讨了我国利率市场化改革推进过程对于货币政策调控方式由数量型向价格型转变的影响。基于一般均衡模型的理论分析发现,利率市场化水平越高,货币需求的波动性越大,利率传导渠道的障碍越少,从而货币当局选择价格型调控方式的条件也就越成熟。采用季度宏观经济数据,构建四变量SVAR模型,通过脉冲响应分析和方差分解考察在利率市场化改革不断推进的过程中,数量型和价格型货币政策调控方式对于实现货币政策最终目标的相对作用。实证结果表明:数量型调控方式在我国货币政策调控体系中仍然处于主导地位;价格型调控相对数量型调控具有时滞短与力度温和等优点;随着我国利率市场化水平不断提高,价格型调控方式的优势将表现得更加突出。     

货币政策对中国股市的影响力分析——基于VECM模型的实证分析

股市已成为货币政策的传导渠道,央行可以通过货币政策来达到对股市进行干预的目的,央行在运用货币政策工具时,应根据宏观经济发展的实际情况,考虑不同货币政策工具对股市影响的不同程度与时滞因素,择机选择数量型调控和价格型调控或者两者的某种组合。我国货币政策的利率市场化改革的效果是渐进的、有效的。     

引入价格工具的必要性和障碍分析

随着一国经济的发展,为了维持稳定的经济环境和增强货币政策的效用,引入利率等价格型工具并逐步减少对数量型工具的使用,是必然的政策趋势和经济规律。本文首先从美联储成功运用利率等价格工具的角度,说明了价格型工具效用的优越性,又从中国的现实情况角度出发,说明了传统数量型工具的局限性和引入价格型工具的必要性;其次还分析了引入价格型工具所面临的一些障碍;最后提出了相关的政策建议。     

中国货币政策的动态有效性研究——基于TVP-SV-FAVAR模型的实证分析北大核心CSSCISSCI

文章基于中国2000年1月至2014年12月的月度数据,利用带有随机波动的时变参数因子增强向量自回归(TVP-SV-FAVAR)模型,将中国经济发展过程中的结构突变特征考虑在内,对中国货币政策的动态有效性进行实证研究。实证结果表明:总体而言,货币政策能够对产出和通胀做出积极有效的调控;相较于价格型货币政策,数量型货币政策对宏观经济的调控作用更加明显;随着时间的推移,数量型货币政策对产出和通胀的调控作用呈现逐渐下降的趋势,价格型货币政策对产出的调控作用同样呈逐渐减弱的趋势,但其对物价水平的调控效果在危机之后逐渐改善;数量型货币政策对消费、投资、进出口、银行信贷等的调控效果较好,而价格型货币政策对存贷款利率、人民币汇率以及股票市场等的调控效果更好。文章研究结果也表明,"价格之谜"问题可以得到一定程度的解决甚至根本消除。     

中国货币政策的动态有效性研究——基于TVP-SV-FAVAR模型的实证分析

文章基于中国2000年1月至2014年12月的月度数据,利用带有随机波动的时变参数因子增强向量自回归(TVP-SV-FAVAR)模型,将中国经济发展过程中的结构突变特征考虑在内,对中国货币政策的动态有效性进行实证研究。实证结果表明:总体而言,货币政策能够对产出和通胀做出积极有效的调控;相较于价格型货币政策,数量型货币政策对宏观经济的调控作用更加明显;随着时间的推移,数量型货币政策对产出和通胀的调控作用呈现逐渐下降的趋势,价格型货币政策对产出的调控作用同样呈逐渐减弱的趋势,但其对物价水平的调控效果在危机之后逐渐改善;数量型货币政策对消费、投资、进出口、银行信贷等的调控效果较好,而价格型货币政策对存贷款利率、人民币汇率以及股票市场等的调控效果更好。文章研究结果也表明,"价格之谜"问题可以得到一定程度的解决甚至根本消除。     

加息能否调控内部失衡？

面对新的经济、金融、资本市场形势，央行货币政策重心将是如何控制流动性过剩，稳定利率与适当放松汇率，以及预防通货膨胀。我国货币政策将尝试由数量型调控向价格型调控转变。     

中国货币政策的福利损失与政策规则选择——基于新凯恩斯DSGE模型的分析

本文在新凯恩斯主义DSGE模型框架下,运用福利损失函数和脉冲响应方法研究我国最优货币政策规则选择的问题。研究结果表明,货币供应量规则相对于利率规则,使外生冲击对产出和通货膨胀的影响更持久,造成更大的福利损失,因此中央银行的货币政策规则应该逐步从货币供应量规则转向利率规则;在一定条件下,前瞻型利率规则、后顾型利率规则和泰勒规则所造成的福利损失相差不大,从便利的角度出发,中央银行应该选择后顾型利率规则。     

降息之后……

我国的货币调控需要从数量型工具转向价格型工具。2月28日,央行宣布一年期贷款基准利率下调0.25个百分点至5.35%;一年期存款基准利率下调0.25个百分点至2.5%,同时结合推进利率市场化改革,将金融机构存款利率浮动区间的上限由存款基准利率的1.2倍调整为1.3倍,千呼万唤的降息姗姗来迟。不过,时隔2014年11月的非对称降息仅仅3月。三个月间,两次降息,一次降准,市场预期中国的货币政策正在走向宽松。     

浅析开放经济下我国货币政策的优化

改革开放三十年来，中国经济开放水平的日益提高对货币政策的独立性和有效性构成了挑战。目前，中国货币政策非市场化的利率与汇率形成机制、不明确的最终目标和难以控制的中介目标，数量型的直接货币政策工具以及日益增强的溢出效应，必然要求货币政策以市场化为长期改革方向，对货币政策的目标、工具进行调整优化，重视货币政策与汇率政策、财政政策、产业政策的协调配合，重视货币政策国际合作与协调。     

Monetary policy transmission and macroeconomic policy coordination in Pacific island countries

During the global financial crisis, central banks in Pacific island countries eased monetary policy to stimulate economic activity. Judging by the ensuing movements in commercial bank interest rates and private sector credit, monetary policy transmission appears to be weak. This is confirmed by an empirical examination of interest rate pass‐through and credit growth. Weak credit demand and under‐developed financial markets seem to have limited the effectiveness of monetary policy, but the inflexibility of exchange rates and rising real interest rates have also served to frustrate the central banks' efforts despite a supporting fiscal policy. While highlighting the importance of developing domestic financial markets in the long run, this experience also points to the need to coordinate macroeconomic policies and to use all macroeconomic tools available in conducting countercyclical policies, including exchange rate flexibility.     

关于利率政策与货币政策效力关系的一点思考与探索

利率政策会影响一国货币政策的制定和实施，尤其在开放经济条件下，利率效应在国际间存在传递，加剧了央行制定货币政策的难度。货币政策效力趋于减弱甚至无效。本文从消费、投资两个方面分析了我国利率政策效率低下，货币政策效力不大。在此基础上，提出了如何改善利率政策，进而提高货币政策效力。     

The Evolution of Australian Monetary Policy in the 1950s

The 1950s in Australia was a decade of major change in both central banking and the financial system. The changes fed upon one another: financial innovation responded to monetary policy; the authorities adapted their strategy in response. The private banks resisted the harnessing of their balance sheets to policy, and a protracted process of conflict and compromise unfolded. Meanwhile, the growth of non‐bank financial institutions undermined bank‐centred policy. Official controls on bank interest rates opened a space for the new intermediaries. The central bank's attempt to restrain their growth contributed to a credit squeeze at the turn of the 1960s.     

Monetary Policy and Sectoral Bank Lending in Malaysia

Abstract

Unlike most studies on the effect of monetary policy on bank lending, this article intends to answer the question whether the tightening of monetary policy in Malaysia before and after the financial crisis in 1997 affected differently the commercial bank lending to various sectors of the economy. To achieve the objective, Vector Autoregressive Regression (VAR) method was used to generate impulse response function and variance decomposition to trace the impact of a shock in monetary policy on bank lending in Malaysia. The results show that a monetary policy tightening in Malaysia gives a negative impact on all the sectors. Analyzing sectoral responses to monetary shocks, evidence is found that some sectors are more affected than the others. The manufacturing, agricultural, and mining sector seems to decline more than the aggregate bank lending in response to interest rate shock.     

Responding to a Monetary Superpower: Investigating the Behavioral Spillovers of U.S. Monetary Policy

Between 2002 and 2006, the Federal Reserve set interest rates significantly below the rates suggested by well-known monetary policy rules. There is a growing body of research suggesting that this helped fuel an excess of liquidity in the U.S. that contributed to the 2008 worldwide financial crash. It is less well known that a number of other central banks also lowered interest rates during this period. An important question, then, is what role the Federal Reserve played in influencing other central banks to alter their own monetary policies, which could have magnified the Fed’s actions in creating global liquidity. This paper addresses the issue by showing how spillovers in central bank behavior occur in theoretical rational expectations models. It then establishes empirically how U.S. monetary policy actions affect the actions of other major central banks, particularly in terms of interest rates and currency interventions. The models and data suggest that the U.S. lowering its policy rate, either in general or in reference to a monetary policy rule, influences other central banks to lower their own policy rates and intervene in currency markets, even when controlling for worldwide macroeconomic trends. It thus appears that U.S. actions were a factor in the worldwide lowering of interest rates and the increase in currency reserves in the early 2000s that may have contributed to the subsequent global liquidity boom.     

从金融传导领域分析我国的货币政策传导机制

中央银行的货币政策引起实际经济变量的改变是通过货币政策传导机制实现的。而货币政策的传导机制包括金融传导领域和经济传导领域。其中金融传导是中央银行与金融中介相互影响和相互作用的过程。文章着重通过对金融传导领域中的执行主体、传导中介、市场基础和调节杠杆进行分析,来研究我国的货币政策传导机制。     

央行利率政策的门限转换特征及国际证据

本文利用亚太地区15个国家1992~2007年的面板数据研究了央行利率政策的门限转换特征。结论认为,通货膨胀对经济增长的影响存在显著的门限特征,各国央行的利率政策也存在显著的门限转换特征。在低通胀阶段,利率没有对经济增长与通货膨胀做出显著响应;但在高通胀阶段,央行首先致力于维护金融稳定,然后促进经济增长。文章对发达国家与发展中国家进行了比较,发现二者的利率政策表现出相似的特征,但发展中国家的利率政策倾向于更高的门限值;文章最后对中国利率政策的实施提出了相关政策建议。     

Autonomy and Effectiveness of Chinese Monetary Policy under the De Facto Fixed Exchange Rate System

This paper uses monthly data to examine the autonomy and effectiveness of monetary policy in China under the de facto fixed exchange rate arrangement in place from 1998 to 2005. The results obtained from Granger causality tests in a vector autoregression framework indicate that： （i） China actually conducted independent monetary policy during the fixed exchange rate period; and （ii） market-oriented policy measures are impotent in influencing real output and prices. The framework of the investigation into the autonomy of monetary policy adapts to the Chinese economic condition that primary loan and deposit rates are set by the central bank. Based on the empirical results, the present paper provides alternative strategies to improve the effectiveness of monetary policy in China, including developing the financial system and solidifying microeconomic fundamentals instead of forcing the adaptation of a more flexible exchange rate regime.     

Monetary Policy Implementation and Volatility Transmission Along the Yield Curve: The Case of Kenya

This paper analyses the degree to which volatility in interbank interest rates leads to volatility in financial instruments with longer maturities (e.g. T‐bills) in Kenya since 2012, year in which the monetary policy framework switched to a forward‐looking approach, relative to seven other inflation targeting (IT) countries (Ghana, Hungary, Poland, South Africa, Sweden, Thailand and Uganda). Kenya shows strong volatility transmission and high persistence similar to other countries in transition to a more forwardlooking monetary policy framework. These results emphasize the importance of a strong commitment to an interbank rate as an operational target and suggest that the central bank could reduce uncertainty in short‐term yields significantly by smoothing out the overnight interest rates around the policy rate.