浅谈清单计价与定额计价的区别

定额计价是我国传统的量价舍一的计价模式,该计价模式快捷简便,在一定的范畴上,还将会被长期采用,但随着我国进入市场经济,我国经济体制改革、对外经济开放已与国际经济的接轨,为了配合经济体制的转变,从2003年起,工程量清单计价模式在我国推广应用,此文从计价依据、计价方式、工程量计算、生产要素、单价构成等方面对比分析了工程量清单计价与传统定额计价方式的区别与联系。     

工程造价两种计价模式的区别

我国长期以来在工程造价管理中采用的是定额计价模式，但随着市场经济的不断完善，工程量清单计价模式开始步入我国，并在工程造价控制中发挥了重要作用。本文比较了两种计价模式的内在联系及区别，从中分析出了定额计价模式在市场经济规律中存在的弊端，及工程量清单计价模式在我国近几年实施应用中存在的问题。     

工程量清单模式下的招标工作程序

推行工程量清单计价是深化建筑工程计价改革、规范计价行为的一项重要举措,是我国建筑市场与国际接轨的重要体现,也是我国建筑市场由计划经济迈向市场经济的重要标志。但是由于法律、法规及相关制度的不完善以及企业定额体系尚未建立,工程量清单计价还处于理论研究与实践相结合的初步阶段。本文分析了工程量清单计价模式下的招标办法和招标程序,提出了工程量清单招标的评标办法以及在招标过程中应注意的几项工作内容。     

浅析工程量清单计价与传统定额计价的区别

随着市场经济的不断发展,定额计价模式难以体现企业技术装备水平、管理水平和劳动生产率等自身竞争率的问题,由此也造成难以充分依照公平竞争的原则,满足招标竞争定价的要求。另一方面,随着我国加入WTO,建筑市场国际资本的进入和建筑企业走向国际化竞争,也使得我国现行政府指导价为主的建筑产品价格机制再次受到严峻的挑战。为此,建设部建立以工程量清单为平台的工程量清单计价模式。     

完善工程量清单计价与招投标制度的策略

实行工程量清单计价模式是市场经济的必然产物。     

完善工程量清单计价的几点思考

工程量清单计价是一种市场竞争确定工程造价的计价方式，通过近几年广东、吉林、天津、云南等地区实行的试点来看，基本能适应市场经济对报价模式的要求，普遍得到市场各主体的认可。但是，由于我国建筑市场运行不十分规范以及国有资产管理体制、投资体制等方面的原因，加之工程量清单计价现处于理论研究与实践相结合的初步阶段，在推行过程中仍存在不少问题：     

工程量清单计价模式的招投标运作及问题

上世纪九十年代以后，我国针对工程计价中存在的问题，按照“控制量、指导价、竞争费”的思路进行了工程造价改革，工程造价管理由静态管理模式逐步转变为动态管理模式。但它不能充分反映参与竞争企业的实际消耗和技术管理水平，在一定程度上限制着企业的技术进步和管理水平的发挥。实行工程量清单计价将改革以工程预算定额为计价依据的计价模式，逐步形成“市场形成价格、企业自主定价的新格局”，把工程计价的权利真正交给企业、交给市场。实行工程量清单计价模式是市场经济的必然产物。     

论工程量清单计价模式下的招投标

随着市场经济的发展,在建设工程中因计价方法的限制和招标制度的不完善而产生的问题日益突出,原有计价模式已不能满足现代经济发展的招投标需求,无法实现招投标的真正目的。工程量清单计价模式下的招标投标在我国的实施促进了建筑市场的繁荣和经济的发展,由于推行清单计价招投标还处于试行的过程中,还有很多问题值得关注,需要解决。     

工程造价计价模式的分析与探讨

工程造价计价模式是造价行业计价的灵魂，一个完善的计价模式必然会给造价行业带来益处，并使之更规范、合理，更好的同国际接轨。     

工程量清单计价模式分析与探讨

工程量清单计价模式是工程造价管理由"量价合一"的计划经济模式向"量价分离"的市场经济模式转变,逐步建立以市场为导向的价格机制,把价格的最终决定权交给以市场为主体的参与各方,并通过市场优化资源配置,从而真正实现通过市场机制决定工程价格的一种计价模式。     

Pricing to market at firm level

This paper analyzes the influence of exchange rate variations on prices in foreign and home markets using firm data. The theoretical benchmark, based on the literature of pricing to market, also takes into account some hypotheses about the effects of demand variations and market power on prices. The empirical analysis for the Spanish economy points out the positive impact of the devaluations of the domestic currency on the relative evolution of prices, though smaller than obtained in previous evidence using aggregated data. The results also suggest a procyclical behavior of prices, which is positively affected by the degree of competition. JEL no. F12, L60, L13 This research has been partially funded by the projects SEC2003-00516, and SEC2000-0723     

提升物流功能 服务江门经济转型发展

加快转变经济发展方式是广东的"一号工程"。江门作为珠三角城市之一,在保持经济平稳较快发展的同时,要在转变经济发展方式上取得新进展,在深化改革开放上取得新突破。文章分析了江门市转型发展对物流服务的新要求及物流服务功能上的不足,提出了提升物流功能,服务江门经济转型发展的途径。     

金融危机后全球资本流动新格局给广东经济转型带来的机遇

金融危机后全球资本流动在流动规模、幅度、流向等方面都呈现了新的迹象,资本流动新格局给新兴市场国家的经济发展带来了机遇。广东省是我国利用外资较大的省份之一,面对当前广东经济遇到增长的瓶颈,如何实现经济的转型升级、如何持续经济的增长是我们研究的课题。文章运用比较法和实证法分析资本流动的新格局和广东经济利用外资的特点,并提出合理利用外资实现广东经济转型的新思路。     

高房价及其对中国经济的影响研究

本文分析了中国当前房价不断走高的原因,特别强调了超宽松的货币政策、房产市场供需失衡、通胀预期、以及土地财政政策四个方面。房价不断走高给中国经济带来很大的负面影响,最后提出了相应的政策建议。     

A Dual-Price Demand Theory for Economies under Transition

China adopted a dual-price system shortly after the economic reform started in 1978 to liberalise its price control. This led to the coexistence of both plan and market prices for an identical good in the economy. The conventional demand theory developed based on the pure market economies is not useful in explaining consumers' behaviour in the transitional economies such as China in which both plan and market prices are prevalent. This study develops an alternative demand theory for a dual-price (or dual-track) economy and derives the dual-price Slusky equation that identifies a replacement effect of price liberalisation. This demand theory distinguishes itself from the conventional demand theory and explains the ways in which consumers respond to the price liberalisation during the reform period. The new demand theory shows that the gradual approach to reform is superior to the ‘Big Bang’ approach in terms of reducing the ‘corrected inflation’ during the transition period. The new theory also suggests that the price elasticity of demand is higher in the dual-track system than that in a full market economy, implying that the price elasticity diminishes over the process of price liberalisation. This theory is tested using the Chinese aggregate consumption data.     

日、德融资模式比较及其中国融资模式的选择

美国金融危机使得人们必须重新审视融资模式,而前人对此的研究文献重点放在两种融资模式的比较上,其实更应该研究与我国融资模式相似的日本和德国的融资模式。本文通过比较日德融资模式在融资市场全面发展程度、间接融资市场和直接融资市场的联系程度以及政府政策导向的差异,解释了20世纪90年代以来日本和德国经济表现的差异,对我国融资模式的选择提出一些建议。     

Identifying the Liquidity Effects of Monetary Policy Shocks for a Small Open Economy: Turkey

This paper proposes a new liquidity measure for a small open economy. The new measure includes the net liquidity provided to the system by a central bank after accounting for the central bank’s involvement in the foreign exchange market. Empirical evidence gathered from Turkey suggests that a positive innovation in liquidity increases output temporarily and that its effect on prices, exchange rate and money are permanently higher.     

The Risk Recognition and Evaluation of the Agile Virtual Enterprise

The agile virtual enterprise is a kind of provisional network enterprise, which is made up of many independent enterprises linked by means of information technology, with the aim to catch the fast-changing market opportunity. Influenced by indefinite factors in the complicated and variable external conditions, and the internal constitution and management, the agile virtual enterprise must face all sorts of risks in the course of its development. To effectively appraise these risks is the foundation and basis for setting up effective risk-proof system and rationally sharing the risk. This paper presents the procedure for risk evaluating based on the two-graded fuzzy synthetic law of judgment in addition to describing the content of the risk evaluating.     

The emergence of agricultural commodity markets in China

By conscious design, reformers in China only gradually focused their efforts on expanding the role of markets for the allocation of goods and services in the economy. As a result, markets—especially in the agricultural sector—developed slowly. Throughout the 1990s there was a heated debate about the degree to which markets had emerged. The main goal in this paper is to bring together a number of simple and revealing facts on the emergence of China's markets. To do so we examine several sets of price data and analyze spatial patterns of market prices contours over time and text the extent to which market prices are integrated among China's regions. According to our analysis, we find that to a remarkable degree, agricultural commodity markets have emerged; price patterns look much like those in market economies in the rest of the world and prices are highly integrated across space.     

人性文化假设与转型期知识型企业人力资源管理模式

人性假设是某种文化对人本性的基本价值判断。不同文化从截然相反的人性假设出发形成了各具特色的企业人力资源管理模式。以“性善论”为基础的日本“温馨人情模式”和以“性恶论”为基础的美国“严格制度模式”都颇有启发性。根据传统文化对知识员工的熏陶和市场经济对其的影响,中国转型期知识型企业应以“混沌论”人性假设为基础建立一种“混沌管理模式”,具体表现为人力资源管理人性化、市场化和制度化。