从禁烟到征税

20世纪末，拥有230万个就业岗位的美国烟草业，使美国人为吸烟而每年耗资420亿美元，因烟草死亡的人数为越南战争死亡人数的6倍。而在中国吸烟更是每年导致100万人死亡，其死亡人数是1976年唐山大地震死亡人数的4倍，而且有专家预测按目前每年增加烟民300万人计算，到2050年，年死亡人数将超过300万之众。     

浅论人权的司法保障——以我国的死亡赔偿为例

人权的司法保障是法学界自古争论的话题。而死亡赔偿金的城乡差别近来在我国引起不小争论。死亡赔偿金的性质是什么，我国现在的赔偿方法是否合理，当事人的权利怎样才能得到更好的保护，是实际且亟待解决的问题。本文主要通过阐明死亡赔偿金的性质从事实和法律的角度论述为如何从实际出发，找到实际人权保障应有的差别性，使人权的司法保障达到理论和实践的统一。     

合理的变形 合理的死亡——透视卡夫卡作品的现实主义特征

学界一直认为《变形记》主人公格里高尔的变形本身，是对异化的逃避和反抗，最终的结果是受到惩罚而失败。格里高尔变形与否，都摆脱不了其死亡的必然性：其变形是合理的变形，其死亡是合理的死亡。从格里高尔的死亡里我们能看出作者的马克思主义情结和其作品的现实主义特征。     

意科学家发现促红细胞生成素能保护神经细胞

米兰马里奥·内格里研究所所长西尔维奥·加拉蒂尼 29日在米兰发表声明说，该研究所科学家彼得罗·盖齐主持的一项研究发现，促红细胞生成素虽然是一种国际奥委会规定的违禁药物，但它却有保护神经细胞的作用。这种药物被注入老鼠体内后，可以到达老鼠大脑，并能保护老鼠神经细胞，使这些细胞在脑外伤或局部缺血时不会死亡。由此证明，这种可以增加红细胞使人适应高山等缺氧环境的药物，也可以保护神经元，使之在缺氧时不会死亡。神经元对缺氧十分敏感，容易因缺氧而死亡。盖齐解释说，促红细胞生成素是一种内生物质。在缺氧条件下，体内这种物质的数量会增加，同时红细胞也会增加，从而增加了机体的抵抗力。但脑局部缺血时往往很突然，机体还来不及产生更多的促红细胞生成素时，脑细胞就已受损。在老鼠试验中取得的成果会使人们提出这样一种设想：在脑局部缺血时可以从体外提供促红细胞生成素，以医治脑缺血和许多神经系统疾病，这有可能成为医治这些疾病的新途径。促红细胞生成素可增加耐力，一些体育运动员常偷偷使用，但这种物质也有副作用，所以国际奥委会将其列为违禁药物。(刘儒庭 )     

从“未知生，焉知死”到“向死而生”——浅谈中西方死亡意识差异

死亡意识关系着人们全部的生命价值观念。从总体而言，中国文化先天就具有“乐生安命、轻生重死”的传统，儒家倡言“未知生，焉知死”，对死亡采取“存而不论”的态度。体现了中国人传统的死亡意识。西方传统的死亡意识以海德歌尔“人是‘向死而生’的存在”的理论为代表，认为“死亡意识贯穿于我们的全部生命过程”，“要在意识中清理出真实的死亡结构的死亡意识”，以此达到人的本真的存在。中西死亡意识既有差异性，又有互补性。从中西方传统的死亡理论中．都能找到建构现代化人格的死亡意识的资源，在当下现实生存状态中，有效消解人类与生俱来的死亡焦虑。     

艾米丽·狄金森及其死亡诗

美国十九世纪女诗人艾米丽狄金森一生钟情于死亡主题诗歌的创作。文章认为社会历史因素与她独特的生活经历是造成这一现象的重要原因:第一,少年时居住在墓园对面,经常面临对死亡的思考;第二,她所处的时代及宗教环境使女诗人对死亡这一宏大主题进行探索;第三,由于从小在家庭里缺少爱以及孤独的一生,使她频繁地涉及死亡主题。     

试论死亡赔偿金是否应纳入附带民事诉讼的赔偿范围

死亡赔偿金是致害人因其侵权行为对被害人及其近亲属所造成的损失的一种补偿。相对于精神损害赔偿，后者已经由相关司法解释明确规定在附带民事诉讼中不予支持，而在死亡赔偿金这个问题上，由于对物质损失的认识和理解的差异，使得人们在司法实践中对刑事附带民事诉讼是否支持死亡赔偿金有了分歧，再加上司法解释的前后差异更让人们在司法实践中感到无所适从。本文尝试对附带民事诉讼中应予支持死亡赔偿金的依据进行探讨。     

从汶川大地震看海德格尔的“向死而生”及其意义

在海德格尔的视阈中，本真的生存基于对死亡的领悟：在意义的毁灭中将此在带到对“无”的畏中，此在在沉沦中唤醒，向终结存在，使此在先行到死，立足自身而本真地在世。海德格尔“向死而生”的哲思为汶川大地震后的中国人民众志成城，重建家园提供了精神食粮。     

反恐如何走出“越反越恐”怪圈

尽管击毙拉登使美国人的感情得到了极大满足，但几乎所有人都明白，恐怖主义并未因拉登死亡而根除，它仍可能像病毒一样继续变异和肆虐     

繁华过后成一梦——试析《失乐园》中久木与凛子之情死

在渡边淳一的作品中，与婚外恋相伴随的，往往是死亡。其代表作《失乐园》，就反映了爱与死的主题。渡边淳一说他们是为了保持爱的巅峰和极至，自愿选择死亡。在小说中他们的死也被描写得很唯美。中国读者对这种解释似乎不能完全理解。细读该作品，并把它放在日本社会传统与现实的文化背景中，不难发现，被渡边先生否认的社会因素才是他们选择死亡的重大理由。     

Love,Death and Sleep in Shakespeare＇s Love Tragedy ＂Antony and Cleopatra＂

Death, together with love, is a perpetual motif in Shakespearean love tragedies. Shakespeare's protagonists die a noble death. They cannot wait to rush to the deathbed which they see as the marriage bed. Antony and Cleopatra is the last Shakespearian play in which love and death is dramatized. Framed under Freud's theory of Eros (instinct of life) and Thanatos (instinct of death), the fantasy of being two in one appeals to their unconscious desire to go back to the inorganic state where they can achieve eternity. Such instinct of death manifested in Antony is in his yearning to go back to sleep, to go beyond mortality and to enter none - existence where he can get mingled with his beloved.     

学术腐败的成因及其治理

学术腐败是当今学术领域所普遍存在的现象。导致学术腐败的原因主要是学术驾驭思想、文化失根、欲望的欲望化,而不是外在的规章制度。因此,当前的主要任务是指引现代人如何成为一个全面发展的个人,指引人们实现欲望、工具与智慧之间的游戏,而不是从法律规范和伦理道德的角度寻找出路。     

门票免费模式下公众参观科技馆意愿的实证研究

以江西科技馆为例,运用多元有序Logistic回归模型实证分析了公众个人特征等六类因素对公众在门票免费模式下参观科技馆意愿的影响。研究表明,公众参观科技馆具有较强的目的性,并且公众的年龄、受教育程度、展品布局、展品质量、展厅环境舒适度、参观方便状况、场馆投诉处理情况以及场馆整体信誉度对公众在门票免费模式下参观科技馆具有显著影响。对此,本文提出了开发多样化个性服务、创建良好的场馆环境以及努力提升场馆形象等措施。     

Longing for the Blue Sky: Urban air quality and the individual decision to immigrate

Based on China Migrants Dynamic Survey data and the air quality data from China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, we empirically investigated whether immigration decision-making is associated with urban air quality. The empirical results from the Logit model revealed ‘vote by foot’ rule in the immigration decision in China, implying migrants commonly attempt to move to cities with good air quality. We additionally found that among determinants of immigration, air quality was inferior to GDP, industrial structures, wages, and public services. We also observed heterogenous impacts of urban air quality on the individual decision to immigrate by gender, age, education, and migration patterns. Specifically, migrants in female and elderly groups have a stronger desire for good urban air quality, whereas those with high education level have a lower desire for the same. Moreover, urban air pollution decreased the probability of interprovincial migration. Rural migrants were less affected by urban air pollution when immigrating to cities. We finally put forward policy implications to balance labour forces migration and economic development.     

Pharmaceuticals in the third world: The problem from the suppliers' point of view

The situation of pharmaceuticals in the developing world is considered from a supplier's point of view and industry's declared supportive role to WHO's Action Programme for Essential Drugs is discussed. The possible conflicting goals of developing countries' desire to have drugs available at the lowest possible price and their desire for industrialization and self-sufficiency is examined. Comments are made about the industry's pre-eminent role in research and development and its continuing commitment to R and D for tropical diseases. The importance of patents and brand-names is considered and the significance of the IFPMA Code of Pharmaceutical Marketing Practices is described.     

新农村建设中农民对公共产品的供给意愿研究——基于河北省644个农户的调查

对河北省644个农户的调查结果表明，农村公共产品供给具有较强的政府依赖性，农民参与意愿普遍较低；村集体成为农民视角的村级公共产品的主要供给主体；农民合作供给和市场化供给也成为农民的重要选择。文章提出了增强农民供给意愿，构建供给主体多元化格局的政策建议。     

Climate Change Economics and Policy in the Asia Pacific

This paper examines the implications of international efforts to mitigate the impacts of human activity on climate for countries in the Asian Pacific region. The Asian Pacific region is the major source of global growth in greenhouse gas emissions. To reduce global emissions requires strong action in Asian countries, particularly China and India. Domestic policies to limit the growth in greenhouse gas emissions are already in place in some Asian countries, in part driven by the desire to limit energy consumption. But much more ambitious policies are needed to turn emission trends around.     

Climate Change Economics and Policy in the Asia Pacific

This paper examines the implications of international efforts to mitigate the impacts of human activity on climate for countries in the Asian Pacific region. The Asian Pacific region is the major source of global growth in greenhouse gas emissions. To reduce global emissions requires strong action in Asian countries, particularly China and India. Domestic policies to limit the growth in greenhouse gas emissions are already in place in some Asian countries, in part driven by the desire to limit energy consumption. But much more ambitious policies are needed to turn emission trends around.     

将消费能力稀缺引入经济学的理论框架

WTO自成立以来,效果令人失望,其原因是西方主流经济学理论基础中的稀缺性假设没有区分欲望和能力两个概念。实际上消费能力也是一种稀缺资源,为此国与国之间才会产生贸易磨擦。生产过剩的根源也在于消费能力的稀缺。存在基础性错误的西方主流经济学解释不了这些现象。只要以有限的消费能力置换稀缺性假设中的无限欲望,就可以引起一场深刻的经济学革命,使经济学回到以人为本的正确方向上来,从而为彻底解决经济问题开辟道路。     

The nature of local area social exclusion in England and the role of the labour market

The creation of the Social Exclusion Unit by the present governmentin 1997 is just one example of the increased desire by bothacademics and policy-makers to understand more about the factorsthat lead to individuals and communities becoming excluded frommainstream society. Of the many aspects of social exclusionwhich have featured in recent debate, this article focuses ontwo. The first is to describe the nature and the extent of socialexclusion in the areas in which it is concentrated in the UnitedKingdom. The second is to examine the role that labour-marketfactors play in creating, reducing, or sustaining geographicalconcentrations of social exclusion. The article draws upon theresults of social surveys conducted in deprived areas and discussesthe arguments for tackling local concentrations of social exclusionthrough area-based initiatives.