农村居民污染治理意愿研究——以温州市平阳县鳌江流域为例

在污染治理过程中，居民参与污染治理一直以来部备受关注。本文针对这一问题，运用条件价值评估法．通过问卷调查形式，对鳌江流域水污染治理的居民意愿进行实证分析．对污染治理的支付意愿进行价值评估，平确定当地的支付意愿影响因素。     

水污染治理费制度——兼论《水法》及相关法律的修改

事实证明,"排污许可证制度"和"排污收费制度"的运行,无法遏制水污染恶化局面,必须创新控制与治理水污染的制度(体制机制)。建立水污染治理费制度,真正确立"谁污染谁治理"的环保原则,通过经济手段(杠杆),培育水污染治理市场,控制水污染行为。建立水污染控制与治理(防治)的政府调控和市场调节相结合的制度(体制机制)。     

中国地区工业水污染治理效率研究——基于三阶段DEA方法

文章运用三阶段DEA模型对中国地区2012年的工业水污染治理效率进行测评,研究发现,不排除环境变量和随机因素的干扰会导致中国省区工业水污染治理效率的高估,而剔除环境和随机因素后发现,中国省区工业水污染治理效率偏低,只有0.682,规模无效率是阻碍工业水污染治理效率提升的关键因素。研究还发现,东部地区工业水污染治理效率较高,而中西部则较低,这主要由三大地带间的规模效率差异所致。将中国省区工业水污染治理效率按照纯技术效率和规模效率分类后发现,中国没有"低高型"省区,多数省区是"双低型"或"高低型"。     

治水,比治理大气更难

按计划应于2014年出台的《水污染防治行动计划》,因为水污染治理的复杂性推迟到了2015年。2015年全国两会后,"水十条"呼之欲出。事实上,《水污染防治行动计划》(简称"水十条")按计划应于2014年出台,但因为水污染治理的复杂性推迟到了2015年。而2013年9月,国务院已经出台《大气污染防治行动计划》,拟投资1.7万亿元治理大气污染问题。从长期危害性和治理难度等方面看,相比已经得到相当重视的空气污染,水污染问题更为复杂,带来的环境影响和生态破坏更大,甚至会导致物种灭绝。水污染治理难度比空气污染治理要难得多,特别是湖     

跨行政区水污染治理机制的操作：以江浙边界为例

以江浙边界水污染治理为例的研究表明,江浙边界水污染治理机制的建立,是我国跨行政区水污染防控管理模式的有效探索。应在保持现有流域管理体制基础上,通过机构和法规等综合性改革,协调现阶段管理体制中不同部门和层级间的矛盾,使我国跨行政区水污染治理的更加科学合理。     

跨界水污染多中心治理模式探索——以长三角地区为例

基于长三角跨界水污染的现实困境和治理难题,借鉴国外发达国家成功经验,以"大部制"改革为契机,吸收埃莉诺.奥斯特罗姆的公共治理理论精华,提出构建以协商为基础、以政府为主导的区域多中心跨界水污染治理体系来解决跨界水污染治理问题,强调自主、协商和信任,充分调动政府、市场和自组织的力量,实现跨界水污染的善治。     

基于和县得胜河经验的区域水污染治理策略分析

水环境保护事关人民群众切身利益,事关全面建成小康社会,事关实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦。文章通过对和县得胜河区域水污染治理策略的分析,提出区域水污染治理原则和建议。研究提出:我国在区域水污染治理过程中应构建权责明晰的水污染联动管理机制;严格区域立法建设;保障资金和技术投入;建立节水激励机制,促进形成全社会统一的水忧患意识等。     

生态设计视角下的城市水环境污染防治策略研究——以舞水河(怀化段)为例

伴随着我国城市化、工业化的快速推进,城市水环境污染问题日益突出,水污染治理力度也逐渐加大。但由于城市水污染普遍具有污染源较多、污染现象及性质多样、治理难度较大等特征,水污染问题仍是当前环境治理的重点。科学地运用生态设计理念高效治理区域环境下的城市水污染具有较高的社会价值,这对于实现自然环境与经济社会的可持续发展具有重要意义。     

我国农村水污染现状及治理措施

根据农村水污染的特点与成因,总结了农村水污染治理存在的问题,农村污水治理是建设环境友好社会的大势所趋,提出加大农村废水处理设施建设的措施。     

水污染治理中生物强化技术的应用研究

生物强化技术主要有应用成本低、治理效率高等优势,本文主要针对水污染治理中生物强化技术的应用展开深入研究。首先分析了生物强化技术的概念和特征,然后阐述了生物强化技术中生物强化菌剂的来源,最后重点论述了水污染治理中生物强化技术的应用,以期充分发挥生物强化技术的价值,不断提高水污染治理水平,促进工业生产实现可持续发展。     

基于政府间博弈竞争的越界流域水污染治理困境分析

论文基于政府间博弈竞争的分析框架,分析中央和地方政府间、同级地方政府间博弈竞争在越界流域水污染治理中的策略性行为,通过对双重博弈竞争模型均衡结果的分析,发现地方政府对辖区流域水污染治理的概率取决于中央政府的监管成本和处罚力度,而在缺乏有效监督和处罚的情况下,地方政府的"理性"选择是不治理,地方政府间的"囚徒困境"导致流域水污染越来越严重。首先,要构建强有力的流域组织协调机构;其次,要建立科学的地方政府绩效评估体系;第三,要构建流域水污染治理生态补偿机制。     

大凌河（锦州段）水质氨氮污染状况分析

2007—2008年对锦州地区的污染源进行了全面详细的普查,结果显示,由于沿途接纳了锦州地区的生活污水和工业废水,致使大凌河水质受到严重污染。通过对大凌河水质的调查、对大凌河(锦州段)污染源的分析与评价,寻找大凌河水质污染的根源,提出了控制污染的措施,对改善大凌河水环境质量,确保人民生活、生产用水安全具有十分重要的意义。     

流动人口环境满意度的调查分析——以深圳市沙湾河流域为例

为评估外来人口与区域产业和环境关系,判别人口环境意识,为区域产业结构调整提供支持,在深圳市沙湾河流域开展外来人口的问卷调查。结果的分析发现,外来人口与本地区产业的关系极为密切,开展产业结构调整时需将产业伴随的人口的生活污染的环境影响纳入考虑。外来人口对区域生态环境满意程度较高,但结合本地区的环境污染问题,人口对环境问题的满意程度出乎预期,污染最严重的水环境受关注程度最低,人口缺乏足够的环境知识,环境意识淡薄,需引起地区管理部门的注意。     

物理化学--流体力学在水污染控制中的应用

水污染控制中水治理方法大致分为物理处理法、化学处理法、生化处理法及物理化学处理法。介绍了物理化学法---流体力学在水污染控制工程中的应用及研究进展,并且对环境流体力学的概念进行了介绍。     

Sewers,wastewater and newspapers: the early environmental debate on water pollution in Turku,Finland, 1887–1934

Abstract

A century ago, city dwellers became increasingly aware of urban environmental problems caused by the waste products of industry and the growing population. Like elsewhere in Europe, water pollution became an acute issue also in the city of Turku, in south west Finland, The sewer system built after 1895 discharged all the municipal and rapidly increasing industrial wastewater untreated into the River Aura in the centre of the city, As a result, the quality of the river water worsened rapidly, and the first complaint on this was published in the local newspaper in 1899. In this study we document the press debate on river water quality and wastewater problems in the local newspapers of Turku for the period from 1887 to 1934, when the plan for a wastewater treatment plant was finally completed (the plant was, however, not built until 1966). The failure of the city administrators to present any solution to the river pollution problem caused the first major public environmental debate in the city at the turn of the 20^th century. Our results show that (1) sewers were recognized by newspapers as the primary cause of worsened river water quality, (2) the necessity of a wastewater treatment plant was understood long before the actual plan was drawn up, (3) the local industries were hardly ever criticized in public for water pollution, and (4) the initiative for improvements was considered to be the responsibility of the city administrators. The debate in the local press was often hectic, many decades before the 1960s, when the environmental debate is commonly said to have started.     

Environmental (de)centralization and local environmental governance: Evidence from a natural experiment in China

It is of great importance for government to design effective incentive mechanisms in environmental governance. This paper investigates the causal effects of environmental (de)centralization on local governments' environmental governance. Based on stragged establishments timing of regional Supervision Centers for Environmental Protection (SCEPs) in China, we introduce a unique government administrative dataset on firm pollution in order to conduct gradual intensity difference-in-differences estimations. We present strong evidence that establishing the SCEPs significantly prompt firms to reduce emission pollution. Since the establishment of the SCEPs brings more effective information collection and supervision, promoting local firms reduce pollutant generation and increase investment in pollution control. Moreover, the SCEPs could coordinate adjacent provinces' incentives on reducing firms' emissions around provincial boundaries. Besides, this study provides clear policy implications that when fiscal decentralization carries the risk of aggravating environmental pollution, vertical management structures in environmental governance could effectively strengthen incentives and coordination.     

渭河流域水环境问题辨识

渭河水环境问题日益突出,已经成为区域经济社会可持续发展的制约因素.通过对渭河流域水环境存在的问题和主要原因进行综合分析,得出渭河流域主要存在着水沙异源,产量不均衡;水资源严重短缺,利用方式粗放;水质污染严重,以及流域生态环境格局差异巨大等主要的环境问题.通过对渭河流域存在的水环境问题进行识别与辨识,为在渭河流域开展水资源综合治理,实现对流域自然资源的持续利用与管理提供参考.     

Trade-off between economic development and environmental governance in China: An analysis based on the effect of river chief system

The conflict between economic growth and environmental pollution has become a considerable bottleneck to China's future development. In the context of the promotion tournament, the Chinese Central Government incorporated the responsibility of water environment governance into the assessment and promotion system of local officials and implemented the river chief system (RCS). The RCS is an important measure to rebalance local economic development and environmental governance. However, two critical questions need to be addressed due to the path dependence of the “economic growth first” strategy and the complexity of cross-border watershed governance. Specifically, whether the RCS improved water environment as effectively as the economic responsibility system promoted economic growth, and whether local governments in China found a balance between economic development and environmental governance. This study aims to address these questions by investigating the policy impact of River Chief System (RCS). The results show that the RCS has heterogeneous effects on different pollutants, namely, an improvement in NpH value and NH₃-N but a deterioration in COD and DO. We found opposite conclusions when using provincial monitoring data in Jiangsu province, which provides empirical evidence of cosmetic pollution governance by local governments. Our conclusions imply that the implementation of the RCS is not as effective as the government claimed. Moreover, we did not observe the trade-off between economic development and environmental governance for local governments. Local economic development is still in preference to environmental governance. We recommend improving the mechanism of the long-term implementation and dynamic evaluation of the RCS, highlighting the independence of evaluation authorities, and introducing third-party evaluation and public supervision systems.