频率自适应子波反褶积在VSP中的应用

子波反褶积在垂直地震剖面(vertical seismic profile, VSP)多次波压制中效果较好,使用最为广泛。但是,该方法忽视了地震子波在地层中的频率衰减,在衰减明显的资料中,对于多次波效果压制不明显。针对该类VSP资料,在子波反褶积的基础之上,选取下行子波作为输入,根据每一道的频率衰减特征选取不同主频的子波作为期望输出,通过求解Toepplitz方程得到反褶积算子,应用至上行波场中。在理论模型和实际数据中,通过与子波反褶积对比,多次波压制效果更明显。     

三维地震资料二次精细处理技术在新元煤矿的应用

本文重点探讨了对新元煤矿三维地震勘探资料进行二次处理所采用的方法和技术。综合静校正、叠前高保真噪声衰减、串联反褶积、叠前时间偏移及连片处理等技术的运用,使得二次精细处理后的剖面信噪比和分辨率都大大提高,提高了三维地震勘探原始资料的利用率,成为矿区开展隐蔽致灾地质因素调查的有效手段。     

基于真空技术的海啸波实现方法

孤立波是指存在于静水面之上、波长趋于无限大的单个波峰、且在传播过程中水面形状保持不变的水波,如海啸或地震造成水体巨大位移形成的波有时表现为孤立波[1]。海啸是由于海底地震海床垂直位移或海沟斜坡崩塌、海底火山爆发引发海底巨大震动造成水体的扰动所激发的表面波动。海啸给人类生产生活带来巨大灾难,造成人类生命财产的严重损失。文章介绍一种基于真空技术模拟海啸形成方法。该装置可以用于研究海啸波,也可以在科技馆中进行科普教育。     

致密砂岩“甜点”预测及在井位部署中的应用

致密砂岩油气藏是目前非常规油气勘探开发研究的重点和难点,对其"甜点"的有效识别影响了勘探开发策略和井位的部署.致密砂岩储层岩性致密、横向变化快且厚度较薄,只用纵波阻抗对致密砂岩储层和含气砂岩难以识别.针对以上特点,以岩石物理分析为基础,综合约束稀疏脉冲反演和地质统计学反演进行储层预测,利用AVO流体检测技术和纵横波速度比(Vp/Vs)刻画含气砂岩的分布范围,开展致密砂岩储层识别及储层含气性预测,提高优质砂岩的识别及预测精度,并在鄂尔多斯盆地F区块太原组井位部署中进行应用,取得了良好的实际效果,具有推广价值和可操作性.     

叠前振幅补偿技术应用与研究

在地震资料的处理和解释中,地震记录的振幅信息是一个非常重要的参数,对改善勘探精度起着非常重要的作用。由于受到地层吸收衰减的影响,地震波在地下介质中传播时会引起高频能量的地震波受到损失以及相位畸变,因此叠前振幅补偿是必不可少的。在地震数据处理中,随着反射法的不断发展,人们需要对振幅信息进行更精确的处理,这为后续的高品质地震偏移成像奠定了基础。     

贵州黔西复杂山区高分辨率地震采集方法攻关

勘探区位于贵州黔西县东南，东经106°091，北纬27°011，属复杂山区地貌，多变的表层条件与覆盖煤系的石灰岩是造成地震资料信号比较差的主要原因。这就使得本次勘探面临四个亟须解决的难题：1、解决地表起伏较大引起静校时差以及近地表散射波的干扰作用；2、最佳激发因素和接收因素的选择：3、高频有效信号的保护问题。围绕上述问题，在本次勘探方面采取了针对性措施，使得分辨率有了大幅度提高。     

地震危险性分析

地震危险性分析是工程地震工作的一个十分重要的组成部分，实质上是中长期天然地震预报向工程抗震设防方面的拓展和延伸，即对给定的某一工程场址，评定在其工程有效使用期内，地面遭受一定地震动强度的危险性。本工程使用地震危险性分析的概率方法，通过划分潜在震源区、建立地震活动模型、建立地震动参数衰减关系，来进行对分析区域的地震危险性进行分析计算和评价。     

文123块产建一体化研究

通过高分辩率层序地层研究，重新建立了目的层地层对比关系；应用新采集处理的三维地震资料，利用地震相干技术、正演技术、小构造研究技术对构造储层特征及断层封闭性、油气富集规律进行了整体研究和认识。通过断层封闭性分析和油气生、运、聚研究．搞清了文123块油气富集规律。按着勘探开发一体化的思路，对文123块进行勘探开发及注采配套完善，为加快区块产能建设步伐，对区块按进行整体部署，分批实施的原则，并进行注采配套等工作。在该区块实施评价井、开发井9口，年累产油3．7072×104t，天然气600×104m＾3，新建产能4．4×104t。     

煤矿采区三维地震资料二次精细处理技术研究

本文通过分析煤矿采区三维地震资料的特点,结合巷道揭露情况,分析一次处理剖面存在的问题,研究煤矿采区三维地震勘探资料进行二次精细处理的方法和技术。通过采用高精度静校正、叠前多域联合去噪、三维叠前数据规则化、拼接处理及三维叠前精细成像等技术,二次精细处理后的煤矿采区三维地震资料信噪比和分辨率都大大提高,从而提高了三维地震勘探原始资料的利用率,为煤矿安全生产提供技术保障。     

油气地震勘探技术发展历程及研究方向

文章回顾了油气地震勘探技术发展历程，分别从地震勘探的方法、地震勘探处理技术及解释攻关方向、地震剖面解释软件包、地震勘探仪器发展方向等方面分析了油气地震勘探技术研究现状及其发展方向。     

改进的不平衡推力法在滑坡地震动力稳定性分析中的应用

不平衡推力法是目前规范推荐的地震作用下滑坡地质灾害的稳定性评价的主要研究手段之一.传统的不平衡推力法处理地震荷载采用单值输入,不考虑地震波在岩土体中传播过程中的时空变化.针对该问题,基于滑坡体地震波传播规律,改进形成了考虑多点地震作用的不平衡推力法.针对云南某高速公路沿线典型滑坡,开展不同地震烈度下的不平衡推力与安全系数分析,研究结果表明:考虑多点地震作用的滑坡稳定性较传统不平衡推力法降低明显;滑坡中部由于地形的锁固效应阻滑作用明显,在Ⅸ度地震下极易失稳.研究结果为滑坡地震动力稳定性评价提供了方法.     

The KwaZulu-Natal Income Dynamics Study (KIDS) third wave: methods,first findings and an agenda for future research

The panel study known as the KwaZulu-Natal Income Dynamics Study (KIDS) has been extended by a new wave of data collection conducted in 2004. This third wave of the study interviewed 865 households containing core adult members from 760 of the households contacted in 1993. It also conducted interviews in next-generation households that have split off from the parental households and in the current households of children who have been fostered out. The study finds that the proportion of people aged 20–44 dying between the second and third waves was nearly three times the proportion dying between the first two waves. The pattern of income distribution is one of increasing poverty and inequality since 1993, although the partial reversal of these trends in the post-1998 period is hopeful, as are signs of relative prosperity among those who established independent next-generation households. In addition, access to services has improved.     

多种深度学习算法联合提高地震相分析及油气储层预测效果

联合使用多种深度学习算法，更好地挖掘地震数据中的隐蔽和有用信息，实现相互补充和优化，对于减少地震相分析结果的不确定性，具有重要意义。为此，提出了一种从标签训练到数据挖掘再到优化的全过程深度学习地震相分析的方法和流程。首先，通过自组织映射网络图SOM进行波形分类，为监督学习提供具有代表性的训练数据；然后，利用卷积神经网路CNN和循环神经网路RNN进行地震相分析，将预测得到的地震相分析结果输入到生成对抗神经网络GAN进行算法优化及运算结果的不确定性分析；最后，结合实际资料分析给出最优结果。本文提出和实现了SOM+CNN/RNN+GAN的监督和非监督联合的深度学习地震相分析的方法及实用流程，通过在研究区河道砂体储层油气预测的实际应用，证明该方法提高了地震相分析及油气储层预测结果的可靠性及效果。     

Long waves,depression and innovation

Summary Schumpeter's (1939) proposition concerning long economic cycles which are given impetus by waves of radical innovations has been strongly criticized by Kuznets (1940). It is argued that in view of more recent research. Schumpeter's proposition appears to be highly realistic: First, there is evidence in recent history of a long wave pattern in indicators of general economic activity of various countries; secondly, innovation data on various definitions independently confirm that radical innovations are not distributed randomly over time but tend to cluster in the late depression and early upswing period of the long waves; thirdly, arguments are brought forward to explain the waves of innovations as an endogenous element of the long wave process.My research was supported by grants from the Dutch Ministry of Science Policy and by the Ministry of Economic Affairs.     

出口机会与进口竞争对工业机器人企业的叠加影响：基于出口持续时间的视角

工业机器人企业是中国推动制造业数字化革命、抢占国际分工制高点战略的主力军,然而其出口持续时间平均不足1年,需引起高度关注。本文基于2000-2015年中国海关数据库和工业企业数据库的匹配数据,运用Cox风险模型分析了出口机会增大和进口竞争加剧对工业机器人企业出口持续时间的影响和作用机制。结果表明,出口机会增大更有利于延长企业出口持续时间,进口竞争加剧则提高了企业的退出率,这一结论在产品多样化程度低、产品核心度低、行业竞争小和市场集中度低的企业中尤为明显;出口机会与进口竞争,主要是通过企业生产率和技术创新的中介作用影响企业的出口持续时间;面对双重叠加影响,工业机器人企业应充分利用产品间的技术关联效应提高出口持续性。     

探地雷达法检测路面板脱空病害的研究

由于城市路面板脱空危害极大，传统笨重、复杂的检测方法和钻探有损检测方法已不再适用。通过分析探地雷达（GPR）法检测路面脱空的基本原理，借助 GprMax及 MATLAB软件编程实现对路面板脱空模型的正演模拟试验，对比不同类型路面板下的脱空病害响应特征，初步获得路面板脱空病害正演模拟图像特征规律。结果表明，不同类型路面板下的脱空病害特征图谱一致性较好，路面板下的脱空病害体波组形状表现为似平板状，顶部反射信号能量明显增强，多次反射波发育。用正演模拟结果指导实际工程应用，取得了较好的效果。     

Testing the impact of financial inclusion on income convergence: Empirical evidence from Nigeria

Financial inclusion, as a key pillar for inclusive development, has long been considered as an important instrument for reducing poverty and income inequality. However, the income convergence effect of financial inclusion remains only partially explored. Using longitudinal data covering three survey waves on Nigerian households, this study explores the potential of financial inclusion as an instrument for reducing income disparity. After controlling for the endogeneity issues, the results of instrumental variable linear and quantile regressions consistently show a strong nexus between financial inclusion and per capita income. This positive effect is experienced by all households regardless of income distribution. The decomposition results reveal that ab initio, financial inclusion resulted in income divergence leading to widening inequality across the households with various income distributions. However, the income convergence started from the middle to the higher income household categories, with the lowest income lagging behind in the second wave. The lowest income households eventually converged in the data of the third wave. In this sense, it can be argued that financial inclusion could play an important role in the reduction of income inequality.     

A panel data analysis of the formal-informal sector labour market linkages in South Africa

This study explores the labour market linkages between the informal and formal sectors, using the first four waves of the National Income Dynamics Study data. The main focus is on three groups of employed: worked in the formal sector in all waves; worked in the informal sector in all waves; moved between the two sectors across the waves. Only 27% of informal sector workers in wave 1 transitioned to the formal sector in wave 4; 38% remained in the informal sector while 33% had their status changed to either inactive or unemployed. The econometric analysis indicates that older and more educated individuals living in urban areas and coming from households with fewer old-age grant recipients are significantly more likely to work in the formal sector, whereas more educated white males are associated with a significantly greater likelihood of transitioning from informal to formal sector employment.     

Technological and geographical knowledge spillover in the German empire 1877–1918

We use a newly developed data set of 39,343 high‐value patents granted between 1877 and 1918 to demonstrate that technological progress during German industrialization occurred in at least four different technological waves. We distinguish the railway wave (1877–86), the dye wave (1887–96), the chemical wave (1897–1902), and the wave of electrical engineering (1903–18). Evidence is presented that inter‐industry knowledge spillovers between technologically, economically, and geographically related industries were a major source for innovative activities during German industrialization. We also show that technological change affected the geographical distribution of innovative regions. Using an index of technologically revealed comparative advantage we find that regions that increased their innovativeness during the waves of technological progress revealed special strength in technological clusters like electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, or chemicals.     

Assessing the Impact of Agricultural Technology Adoption on Farmers' Well‐being Using Propensity‐Score Matching Analysis in Rural China

The present paper assesses the impact of improved upland rice technology on farmers' well‐being. The study uses propensity‐score matching to address the problem of ‘self‐selection,’ because technology adoption is not randomly assigned. It applies this procedure to household survey data collected in Yunnan, China in 2000, 2002 and 2004. The findings indicate that improved upland rice technology has a robust and positive effect on farmers' well‐being, as measured by income levels and the incidence of poverty. The effect of technology on well‐being shows a diminishing impact on producers' incomes. This implies that newer innovations are continuously needed to replace older technologies that have reached their saturation points.